Kodi kuyaka anachita

Goren otchedwa makutidwe ndi okosijeni anachita kumene kumachitika pa liwiro mkulu, amene anatsagana ndi kutentha lalikulu zedi ndipo, monga ulamuliro, wowala chowala, yomwe ife timaitcha lawi. The ndondomeko kuyaka amafufuza umagwirira thupi, imene kuyaka ndi alandirika ku njira zonse exothermic kukhala ndi mtima-mofulumira anachita. Kudzifufuza-mathamangitsidwe mwina chifukwa kuwonjezera kutentha (T. E. Kodi kutentha injini), kapena kudzikundikira particles yogwira (kukhala mayamwidwe chikhalidwe).

The kuyaka anachita ndi mbali zithunzi - pamaso pa dera mkulu kutentha (lawi), spatially womangika ndi mmene anthu ambiri kutembenuka ndi zimachitika kuyambira zipangizo (mafuta) mankhwala kuyaka. Zimenezi limodzi ndi kutuluka kwa wambirimbiri mphamvu matenthedwe. Kuyamba anachita (lawi maonekedwe) chofunika amaika muyezo winawake wa mphamvu pa poyatsira, ndiye ndondomeko amapita zokha. liwiro umadalira pa katundu mankhwala mankhwala nawo zotani, komanso ndi mpweya njira zazikulu pa kuyaka. The kuyaka zimachitika ali ndi makhalidwe ena, zofunika kwambiri zomwe - ndi mtengo calorific wa osakaniza ndi kutentha (otchedwa adiabatic), chomwe chingathe theoretically mwana'yo ndi kuyaka wathunthu osaphatikiza kutentha.

Ndi akaphatikiza boma oxidizer ndi mafuta ndondomeko kuyaka awerenge mmodzi wa mitundu itatu. The kuyaka zotani kukhala:

- homogeneous pamene mafuta ndi oxidizer (chisanadze wosanganiza) ali mu mkhalidwe gaseous,

- sakanikira, imene olimba kapena madzi mafuta amachitira ndi oxidant mpweya,

- mmene kuyaka wa onga ndi mabomba.

kuyaka homogeneous ndi zophweka kwambiri, ali ndi liwiro zonse, malingana ndi kapangidwe ndi maselo kutentha osakaniza conduction, kutentha ndi mavuto.

kuyaka sakanikira ndi ambiri mu chikhalidwe, komanso mu m'galasi. liwiro lake amadalira zinthu zenizeni za ndondomeko kuyaka ndi maonekedwe zosakaniza. Mu mafuta zamadzimadzi liwiro kuyaka zimakhudza kwambiri ndi mlingo wa evaporation, mu olimba - gasification mlingo. Mwachitsanzo, njira ndipamene magawo awiri pa khala kuyaka. Mu oyamba (mu nkhani ya magetsi n'zochepa wosakwiya) allocated volatiles mankhwala (malasha), wachiwiri amayaka coke.

Kuyaka mpweya (mwachitsanzo, ethane kuyaka) ndi osiyana. Sing'anga gaseous akhoza kufalitsa lawi pa mtunda lalikulu. Iwo akhoza kusuntha ndi mpweya pa liwiro subsonic, ndi chuma osati sing'anga gaseous, komanso chisakanizo cha madzi abwino ndi olimba particles kuyaka wothira oxidant lapansi. Kuonetsetsa kuyaka m'khola Zikatero kumafuna kapangidwe wapadera chipangizo ng'anjo.

Zotsatira kamene kamayambitsa kuyaka zimachitika mu sing'anga gaseous, ndi a mitundu iwiri. Choyamba - ndi kugwedezekagwedezeka mu otaya mpweya, zikubweretsa kuwonjezeka lakuthwa mu ndondomeko liwiro. Akutulukira ndi chisokonezo lamayimbidwe zikhoza otaya mu gawo lina lotsatira - zikamera wa yoweyula mantha zikubweretsa detonation wa kusakaniza. Masana detonation kuyaka sitepe kumadalira osati kokha pa katundu mafuta okha komanso mwa dongosolo ndi magawo kafalitsidwe makulidwe a.

The kuyaka kwa mafuta amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito luso ndi makampani. Cholinga chachikulu apa ndi kukwaniritsa pazipita kuyaka dzuwa (ie. E. Kuti konza kutentha) kwa imeneyi anakonzeratu. Ntchito moto Mwachitsanzo, makampani migodi - chitukuko cha njira zosiyanasiyana mchere zochokera ntchito ndondomeko ya mafuta. Koma zinazake zachilengedwe ndi miyala ya chodabwitsa kuyaka akhoza kukhala chinthu, adanyamula ngozi. The ngozi yaikulu mwachitsanzo, ndi ndondomeko ya kuyaka mowiriza wa peat, imbaenda ku maonekedwe a moto amkati.