Kusamuka mayiko a anthu

Mayiko kusamuka - kayendedwe ka anthu ku kuwoloka malire. Nzika kulowa m'dziko akuitanidwira osamuka kupita kunja boma - alendo.

Kusamuka kwa anthu zimagawidwa mu mitundu yambiri.

Choncho, kayendedwe ka anthu ankawoloka malire a limati akhoza kukhala okhazikika (mwadzidzidzi) khalidwe. Pankhaniyi, nzika ikuyenda kwa kukhazikikamo mu dziko kulandira.

Pali anthu kusamuka nthawi zonse. Okhala mu nkhani iyi kawirikawiri okha nthawi chaka chimodzi mpaka zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi (chifukwa cha akatswiri banja, msinkhu ndi kugonana makhalidwe a polowera, komanso chifukwa cha kudalira anapitiriza pa boma la kusamuka). Antchito awa amatchedwa ziwerengero mayiko "antchito zosakhalitsa pa mgwirizano", "osamuka yaitali kumayiko" kapena "mpaka kalekale ogwira ntchito amene anapita kukagwira."

Yochepa kulowa (chaka chimodzi) amatchedwa nyengo. Monga ulamuliro, osamukawo mu nkhani iyi, kulowa m'dziko ntchito kumabungwe a zachuma amene ali nyengo mu chikhalidwe (mwachitsanzo, misonkhano, ulimi).

A zosiyanasiyana kayendedwe nyengo nzika ndi nomadism. kusamuka Izi wamba, makamaka Middle East, Africa West. Monga zosiyanasiyana gulu nyengo, pali wopita ku malo opatulika.

Kuntchito anthu (mtanda malire, yoyenda) - ndi, monga ulamuliro, tsiku ndi tsiku (mu nthawi zina, mlungu uliwonse) kayendedwe ka anthu kudutsa malire kumbuyo. Nzika kulowa kotero m'dziko ntchito amatchedwa "ntchito" frontalerami. "Izi mtundu wa kusamuka wakhala zachilendo mu North America ndi Ulaya. Mwachitsanzo, zikwizikwi za anthu tsiku kuwoloka malire US ndi Canada.

Tiyenera mwapadera ndi mtundu wa kusamuka ndi zoletsedwa. nzika mobisa kulowa mayiko ena kukafuna ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, m'malire US ku Mexico chaka amapita anthu oposa miliyoni. osamukawo oletsedwa ndipo anaitana anthu amene analowa m'dzikolo popanda chilolezo (monga alendo kapena pempho), koma kenako anasiya n'kukakhala pansi kwa ntchito mozemba ku State kulandira.

chiwerengero cha osamukawo mobisa chawonjezeka kwambiri kuyambira 1970. Kudziwa chiwerengero chawo kuli kovuta. Mwachitsanzo, mu US chiwerengero cha osamuka mobisa mu osiyanasiyana miliyoni khumi mu Europe - kuchokera 1.3 miliyoni miliyoni 5 Japan - kuchokera zikwi mazana atatu ndi miliyoni.

Zimayambitsa kusamuka mu milandu akukhudzana zinthu ndale, zachilengedwe ndi zachuma. Makamaka osamukawo mobisa ali ndithu osauka ndipo ntchito wotchipa kwa amalonda.

Kukakamizidwa malire kuwoloka unakambidwanso mogwirizana ndi zinthu zachilengedwe ndi ndale mu dziko la kunyamuka. Izi kayendedwe anthu linaonekera mu 1980-90-ntchentche. Nthawi imeneyi, kusamuka kwa nzika anapeza kwambiri. Zimenezi, wayambitsa mavuto ambiri. Kukakamizidwa kusamutsidwa wakhala lonse mu chikhalidwe ndiye ndi zakhudza m'mayiko ambiri. Choncho, malinga ndi ziwerengero za 87% wa othawa anakhazikika m'mayiko osauka. Ndi 90 TH chaka chawonjezeka kwambiri chiwerengero cha anthu osoŵa amene analowa ndi chuma m'mayiko olemera pa zikalata yochepa ndi kukhala ndi m'mene angatetezedwe.

A mtundu wapadera wa kusamuka kwa nzika ndicho gulu episodic wa anthu. Zokhudzana malire kuwoloka mu nkhani iyi yokha ndi zokopa alendo padziko lonse kapena maulendo ena kunja.