Rationalism Descartes

Rationalism (chiŵerengero) - akuganizira lingaliro nzeru zaumunthu, pozindikira maganizo (maganizo) monga gwero la chidziwitso chonse ndi muyeso wake wa choonadi. chiphunzitso ichi unakhala wotchuka m'zaka 17. Chikhazikitso cha zikhulupiriro nzeru zaumunthu, miyambo anabweretsa Mnazareti Dekart. Mu "Nkhani pa Njira", "M'mbuyo nzeru latsopano" ndi mabuku ena kuthetsedwa vuto la kudalirika chidziwitso munda wa nzeru ndi makhalidwe ake mkati. Zimagwiritsa wosiyana rationalism Mnazareti Dekarta chiphunzitso cha othandiza yodalirika Bacon.

Choyamba, kuyamba lingaliro, iye anati pali malamulo anayi cognition: ndi methodical chikaiko, ulamuliro, kusanthula ndi umboni. Rationalism Descartes anakhazikitsa ndithu cha kukhalapo kwa malingaliro sakuyembekezera, nzeru zapamwamba anati: "Ine ndikuganiza, chotero ine kulibe." Chitsimikizo cha mfundo imeneyi, mu maganizo ake, anagona mu kulungamitsidwa maganizo, kumukhulupirira. Pa nthawi yomweyo Mulungu ndi guarantor wa intelligibility wa dziko analenga, komanso Kudziwa nzeru za anthu.

System mfundo anatchula Descartes anafotokoza aliko maganizo titadziwa monga mmodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu za rationalism. zinthu analenga anaphunzira kudzera mu grooves m'maganizo. Choncho zinthu zonse lopangidwa ndi zinthu ziwiri popanda wina ndi mzake - thupi ndi moyo. Pankhaniyi, chikhalidwe cha thupi - osapitirira limagwirira lapansi. Kulimbikitsa ulamuliro wa chifukwa maganizo ndi zokhumba thupi ndi kubwera mfundo kupeza mitunduyi zosiyanasiyana za makhalidwe abwino zosiyanasiyana. Izi ndi lingaliro kuti amanyamula rationalism wa Descartes.

Tikumbukenso phindu lalikulu la dziko lino kwa chitukuko cha nzeru ndi sayansi. Rationalism Descartes osati chinathandiza mapangidwe malamulo ndi mfundo yatsopano, komanso Anakhalanso maziko ena amalanga sayansi, makamaka analytic Masamu, masamu.

Dualism zakuya malingaliro, analola zopanga matanthauzo ofananafanana wapawiri kutanthauzira kwa chiphunzitso. Rationalism Descartes anapereka mumve za chipangizo cha dziko, kupereka mwa umboni ndi zithunzi zithunzi imodzi. chipangizo mu dziko anasonyeza kuti n'zotheka kugawa izo (ntchito kusanthula) m'zigawo amene mwachidziwikire zokhudzana ndi mzake ndi molondola kuti mwamasamu. Izi anabisa chimango methodological za ndondomeko ya mathematization wa sayansi achilengedwe.

Munthu zomveka amene ali deductive ndi mwachilengedwe maganizo, akhoza kukwaniritsa kudziwa odalirika. Deductive njira yokha amathandiza anthu amene maganizo amene amaonedwa kuti maganizo, achidule - musati chifukwa choonadi cha kukaika wake. Komanso, mu chimango cha njira imeneyi ikuchitika dismemberment wa vuto lililonse zovuta la pawekha mpaka kusintha ake nthawi kuchokera wodziwika kwa osadziwika kutsimikiziridwa ndi unproven, ndi osasiya mipata mu limasonyeza mayeso kuloledwa.

Mu masiku a Descartes Ufumuyo zofunika kwambiri. Science Komabe, anaonedwa ngati mtengo wapatali kwambiri, ndi kuthekera ntchito zimene mukuphunzirazo pa misonkhano zofuna zosiyanasiyana amuna a chidziwitso anakweza njira ake lingaliro.

Mothandizidwa ndi ziphunzitso za Descartes, Benedikt Spinoza ananena rationalism, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zojambula. maganizo ake, anasonyeza mwa ntchito yake "Ethics". Mu ntchito iyi, chigawo imayamba ndi tanthauzo lomveka bwino ndi losavuta mwa mfundo. Pamakhala axiom ndi, mfundo ndi umboni. Pomaliza choperekedwa mkangano aumunthu.

Spinoza kuzindikiridwa magulu atatu a cognition. The choyamba - apamwamba - amayenera kupeza choonadi intuitively kuonekera mwachindunji akumbukire. Mlingo wachiwiri amaperekedwa kwa malingaliro kulingalira sakusowekera umboni. Chachitatu, m'munsi mlingo, zochokera maganizo chipangizo cha dziko.