Mphamvu kotunga m'nyumba: wosakwatiwa mzere chithunzi. Galimoto wapadera mphamvu kunyumba

Osati kale litali, eni m'nyumba unali olumikizidwa kwa mizere mphamvu okha. The kampani kulamulira yekha anafunika kutsatira ndi kukhazikitsa kauntala. Lero zinthu zasintha kopambana. Kugwirizana magetsi muyenera kupereka ntchito ndi kufotokoza mmene mphamvu ya zipangizo zonse anaika m'nyumba (boilers, mizati, ndi zina zotero. Etc.). Ndiko phukusi la zikalata zofunika kupeza chilolezo ndi kuvomerezedwa pazikhalanso kupereka wosakwatiwa mzere chithunzi cha dongosolo. Kuti mudziwe mmene kupanga izo, ndi momwe kukonza wapadera nyumba magetsi mwanzeru, ndipo tidzakambirana zina.

Choyesera dziko nyumba electrification. Zitatu gawo kapena osakwatiwa-gawo?

Kumene, pamaso kujambula dera lililonse ndi kupita kupanga kulumikiza, muyenera kudziwa mtundu wa mphamvu ndi gwero lake, ndi zina zotero D..

M'nyumba, komanso nyumba m'tawuni, atatu gawo kapena maukonde limodzi-gawo angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Mu kuti ndi ena mitundu akupezeka zolakwa onse ake ndi zoyenereza. Poyamba, maukonde chilichonse mafakitale ali mbali zitatu. Mu mkulu-nyamuka nyumba ali ambiri kufalitsidwa ku nyumba ya. Pa nthawi yomweyo chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa chiwerengero cha ntchito magetsi katundu gawo ochititsa osiyana. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, nthawi zina yoyaka ndale waya. Mu nyumba payekha mavuto zambiri amayamba chifukwa chakuti mwini chimodzi, ndipo, kotero, kuchepetsa katundu mu gawo yogawa zosavuta. Komabe, ngati ntchito molakwika, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mavuto zopezera - mpaka kulephera kwa zipangizo za magetsi - angayambe mu nkhani iyi. muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito stabilizer ifunika mtengo kwambiri kupewa mavuto ofanana. Komanso, kufunika kugula zida ndi zinthu cholinga mwachindunji atatu gawo mzere. Amenenso adzauluka ndalama zambiri. Choncho, ntchito atatu gawo magetsi chiwembu cha m'nyumba akhale pamene izi kwenikweni kufunika. Ndiko kuti, ngati amaganiza unsembe zipangizo zamphamvu kwambiri kapena zida - makina, masitovu magetsi, etc ...

The ntchito Intaneti osakwatiwa-gawo ndi mtengo wotsika ndi chomasuka ntchito. The sangathe - osati kwambiri mphamvu. zopezera amenewo anali oyenera ku phiri la m'kanyumba kakang'ono kapena dziko nyumba.

yoyenda yokha magetsi

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwa kukhala omasuka yomangidwa ndi nthawi zonse mu maukonde panopa. Komabe, mwatsoka, pamene magetsi a m'nyumba zopangidwa okwana mzere HIV, pali mavuto a disruptions nawonso ake zambiri. Njira yabwino vuto ili likhoza kukhala ntchito zina kotunga palokha mphamvu. Kuti zinthu monga:

• UPS. Mu nkhani ya mphamvu kulephera chipangizo wayamba ntchito yomweyo ndi wosangalatsa.
• Jenereta. Zipangizozo ndi opareshoni petulo, dizilo kapena gasi. Angagwiritsidwenso adamulowetsa basi. ntchito nthawi zimatengera yekha kuchuluka kwa mafuta. Pamene okwanira mphamvu jenereta akhoza kupereka mphamvu ngakhale lalikulu kwambiri nyumba kwa nthawi yaitali.

Momwe chilolezo kulumikiza

Choncho, ndi chiwerengero cha magawo, ngati katundu zina mphamvu ndi zina zotero. D. Inu wasankha. Kodi yotsatira? Kuti chimene nyumba payekha chikugwirizana mizere kufala? Mphamvu kotunga nyumba dziko la maukonde olamulidwa ndi kampani kupereka m'dera la udindo komwe iwo ali. Kwa iye luso ndipo tisankhe, sonkhanitsani zikalata zofunikira. Mndandanda ayenera kudziwika pasadakhale.

Atalandira zikalata gululi Company adzakonza specifications luso kwa kotunga mphamvu ya m'nyumba. Ambiri mwina, iwo kugwirizana ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana okhudzana. Komanso, mgwirizanowo uli anamaliza. Pambuyo maukonde waikidwa mu malo anachezeredwa ndi nthumwi za bungwe maukonde ndi amachita macheke zake mogwirizana ndi zofunika kuzikwaniritsa specifications ndi luso. Kasamalidwe ikuchitika ndi nawo mabungwe ena onse. Kenako Rostekhnadzor anapereka chilolezo kwa ntchito maukonde.

wosakwatiwa mzere chithunzi

Choyamba, tiyeni tione zimene kwenikweni akuimira zojambula. Single-mzere chithunzi - izi Ndipotu mfundo imeneyi, koma mu mawonekedwe chosavuta. Ndiko kuti, mizere onse monga osakwatiwa-gawo ndi atatu gawo chizindikiro izo ndi mzere umodzi. Mwatsatanetsatane mfundo mu njira zimenezi palibe. Choncho, yaying'ono nthawi yomweyo kupereka lingaliro mokwanira bwino mmene magetsi akuthamanga m'nyumba.

Pali ena malamulo yokonza njira zimenezi, zomwe ife kulankhula zina. iwo si yovuta kwambiri, koma muyenera kudziwa za iwo. Apo ayi, polojekiti sadzailandira.

Cholinga cha tsiku lokonzekera ndi zofunika zazikulu ziletso

Single-mzere magetsi dera la nyumba payekha - izo ndi chikalata zofunika limene ntchito zonse unsembe mwachita. Izo ziyenera kukhala ngati kuti:

• chitetezo cha ntchito zida zamagetsi mwa mawu a mantha magetsi anaonetsetsa.
• Yodzera chifukwa analibe chiopsezo moto panyumba chifukwa cha dera lalifupi, kusungunula mawaya, ndi zina zotero. D.
• Mu ndondomeko ya kukonzetsa anthu okhala kumeneko anatha seamlessly ntchito iwo zofunika ano zipangizo zonse zazikulu.

Izi ndi zofunikira za zofunika izi chikalata.

Kodi mitundu kulibe

Chotero chosavuta magetsi dera la nyumba payekha angathe kukhala:

• Executive. Nthawi zambiri, njirayi ndi kale pa ntchito pamalowo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukufuna kusintha kulikonse dongosolo pano kapena zifukwa zina pakufunika kupereka uthenga ku kampani energosbytnuyu. Pamaso kukafola mzere dera Pankhaniyi limangolembedwa anafufuza zowoneka.
• Kudula. Amenewa chiwembu zili isanafike unsembe wa dongosolo, mwachitsanzo, mu nyumba yatsopano kapena m'malo lathunthu la Kulumikizana akale. Pa nthawi yomweyo anapanga kuwerengetsera zofunikira zonse (akatundu, chingwe mtanda zigawo, ndi zina zotero. Etc.), komanso kusankha zipangizo zoyenera (zipangizo chitetezo, ndi zina zotero. Etc.).

Malamulo a buku (zizindikiro)

N'zoona limachokera liniya payekha nyumba mphamvu dera kugwilizana ndi malamulo onse anagwira. Yotsirizira atsimikiziridwa GOST 2.702-75 ndi zikugwira ntchito chiyambire 1988. Iwo mwachindunji amene zizindikiro ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuimira chithunzi cha zinthu zina za nyumba Kulumikizana. Kusonyeza kugwirizana atatu gawo njira zimenezi ingagwiritsidwe:

• awoloka mzere ozungulira kapena pafupi athandizira osachiritsika "3"
• anawoloka ndi dashes atatu slanted molunjika mzere.

Kuzindikira zipangizo, contactors, starters galimoto, chishango kubwereketsa ndi m. G. Kugwiritsa ndendende zizindikiro zomwezo monga electroschemes ina (GOST 2.709).

Kodi Payenera kukhala

Single-mzere chithunzi cha magetsi a m'nyumba salephera pazikhalanso zinthu zotsatirazi:

• elektromagistrali kugwirizana mfundo;
• kuthetseratu athandizira chipangizo ndi apano oveteredwa pa mfundo mogwirizana;
• mtundu wa chingwe, m'litali ndi gawo mtanda (mpaka mita a);
• Kuchepa kwa mfundo voteji mu mizere ya;
• Akuti ndi mphamvu zenizeni za VRU, cosφ awo ndipo mudachivotera panopa;
• zipangizo mtundu chitetezo ndi awo oveteredwa panopa;
• masamu katundu;
• malire a muyezo;
• mtundu wa nduna ATS ndi kumasonyeza mode ake a ntchito;
• ntchito malonda metering ndi ulamuliro zipangizo.

Kodi kudzatunga

Kumene, dera la angagwiritsire pepala ntchito mkulu ndi pensulo. Komabe, masiku ano n'kosavuta kuchita pa kompyuta kapena laputopu. Pali mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana kuti amalola payekha mphamvu kunyumba dera zikhoza kupangidwa mwamsanga ndipo mosavuta. Pambuyo kujambula izo basi kusindikizidwa pa makina osindikizira. Mwachitsanzo, pulogalamu "1, 2, 3 dera" cholinga kulenga lokhala ndi mzere chithunzi cha magetsi, ndipo Semiolog limakupatsani kulenga zolemba zonse zofunikira. Koperani mapulogalamu webusaiti ya boma limene linapatsa kusowa kwa "zinyalala" ndi mavairasi. Unsembe ndi ntchito ali ndi ufulu. "1, 2, 3 chiwembu" Mwa zina, zimathandiza:

• malinga ndi zofunika za thupi kukatenga gulu magetsi;
• m'chinyumba ichi ndi zipangizo yodziyimira payokha;
• chimatanthauza ufumu mgwirizano otsiriza;
• kupanga yomalizidwa dera.

Pulogalamu Nawonso achichepere watha ntchito nkhani yotsimikizika zida zofunikira.

mawerengedwe a katunduyo

Choncho, pokonza lokhala ndi mzere nyumba mphamvu dera ayenera kuchita mawerengedwe a katundu, imfa voteji, kudziwa mphamvu zida ndi chingwe mtanda gawo. Kuti mudziwe kuchita izo, ndipo tidzayankhulana zina.

Zogona payekha okwanira nyumba, mphamvu zomwe zikhoza kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito limodzi-gawo kapena atatu gawo kudzera maukonde, ndithudi, akhale okonzeka ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana za magetsi magetsi. Pofuna kuwerengera katundu pa mzere, kuwonjezera mphamvu zawo ndi anagawa voteji. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, kupeza panopa kutero. Kudziwa ake, malinga ndi ndandanda wapadera, mukhoza kuona ngati maukonde si lomwa, ndi amene chingwe chofunika kwa Kulumikizana. The mawerengedwe ayenera kuganizira osati mphamvu za magetsi wogwila magetsi, komanso anakonza kugula m'tsogolo.

Pakuti zipangizo zina zamphamvu kwambiri kunyumba, mwachitsanzo, kuti makina ochapira, ndi mbaula ya magetsi kapena kukatentha ndi bwino kufika chingwe osiyana. Nthawi zambiri thunthu osiyana ndi kupita zipangizo ofesi. Pankhani ya ntchito mu garaja kapena outbuildings aliyense zida akatswiri monga tanenera kale, agwiritsidwa atatu gawo mphamvu kotunga m'nyumba.

Kodi kusankha Intaneti chingwe

Osakwatiwa-gawo kugwirizana adzafunika waya ndi ochititsa atatu atatu gawo, - motero, ndi asanu. Pa chitukuko ntchito, n'kofunika kusankha abwino chingwe mtanda gawo (motsogozedwa PUE). chizindikiro ichi angapezeke pa matebulo wapadera, malingana pano. Pre-yopangidwa m'mimba mwake chofunika kwa wochititsa lapansi. Izi zichitike mogwirizana ndi chilinganizo D = K × ine, + 0,005. Kodi K - zonse Chinthu kwa wochititsa zitsulo. Mwachitsanzo, kwa mkuwa ndi wofanana 0,034. Kalata ine pano.

Gulitsani mawaya, pogwiritsa ntchito dongosolo chingwe si awiri ndi gawo mtanda. Motero padzakhala zina muyenera kudziwa momwemo. Chifukwa chaichi pali S chilinganizo = 0,785 × D2.

kuwerengetsera kuyambirira zikhoza kuchitika potengera pa mfundo yakuti pa lalikulu millimeter wa waya mkuwa chingakhale 10 A, ndi zotayidwa - 7 A. Mu mwake mchitidwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito waya ndi 2.5 mm ² ndi 1.5 mamilimita kuunikira ^2.

Kusankha inserter ndi

Kulumikiza magetsi a m'nyumba zimachitika otchedwa kapolo. Iwo akuyimira zitsulo nyumba imene amasonkhana zipangizo kumanga kasamalidwe mains. Chitsanzo ntchito kuphatikizapo ntchito yogawa, wotchedwa Verkhovna Rada. Lowetsani zipangizo wokwera pa mtengo kapena mphamvu mzere, kapena pafupi nyumbayi.

Posankha a VRU mu nyumba payekha, magetsi ndi kukhala otetezeka ndi mosadodometsedwa, m'pofunika kuganizira:

• Ukulu wa mzere voteji. Potsata nyumba za dziko zambiri kudyetsedwa mu mzere 220 V.
• pafupipafupi panopa. Izi zonse ndipo 50 Hz.
• Ndale mode. Otchedwa mtundu grounding. Mu payekha gawo kaŵirikaŵiri unachitikira pa TN-C chiwembu. Mu ziro ichi ndi wochititsa pansi wina wochititsa Tambasula. Kulekana imagwiridwa mkati kapolo awo.
• Tsatanetsatane wa yochepa dera panopa. Kuwerengetsera magetsi dera zambiri kuganizira yochepa dera pa atatu ochititsa gawo zikundithandiza. Asayansi kumachitidwa mogwirizana ndi mitunduyi wapadera.
• Anaika mphamvu.

M'magulu TN-C, pamene 220 V amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi-mzati dera baka ichidachi kutsegula, ndi 380 - tripolar. Mbali yoyamba ya mawerengedwe a unit mphamvu athandizira kuchita masamu ndi chilinganizo P Ine = P r Mukhoza / U f × Ko f (kumene f U - gawo voteji, Pp - TDP, Ko f -active / zotakasika mphamvu). Mphamvu zida kupatsidwa ulemu kwa maukonde 380 kwapatsidwa mwa IP = Pp / (√3xUhx Ko Q) (momwe U - voteji maukonde).

The oveteredwa panopa ayenera kukhala 10% kuposa phindu masamu. Choncho, zotsatira zake zomalizira kwapatsidwa mwa: I tsa = Ine TR × 1,1.

zishango AVR

Mphamvu okwanira dongosolo la nyumba payekha ameneŵa amafotokozera. ATS mapanelo tinapangidwa kupereka mphamvu kubwerera pa mphamvu kulephera ndiwo. zolowetsa zina mwa zipangizozi akhoza olumikizidwa kwa onse maukonde atathana ndi jenereta. Pali awa mitundu ya matabwa:

• Popeza patsogolo pa athandizira choyamba. Pankhaniyi, pamene mphamvu analephera athandizira chachikulu basi masiwichi kwa standby. Mu nkhani ya ndondomeko masiku ano anyamata.
• Palibe patsogolo. Tikawonetsetsa pamene chachikulu athandizira voteji limapezeka pa izo, zipangizo amenewa basi anazimitsa. Ndondomeko mu nkhani ino ndi dzanja.
• Ndi partitioning. Mu zipangizo zimenezi, mphamvu umaperekedwa kudzera dongosolo magetsi, wokwera pa bushings lapansi. Ngati mphamvu voteji pa aliyense wa iwo akuyamba ntchito n'kuyamba lachitatu kutsatira voteji ogula deenergised ndi athandizira ntchito.
• Ndi DSU. Pankhaniyi, pamene voteji kulephera jenereta akuthamanga pa zolowetsa onse. Pamene waukulu mphamvu kubwezeretsa, dongosolo akubwereranso ku boma koyamba. Mphamvu kotunga m'nyumba ntchito mipata imeneyi adzakhala mosadodometsedwa Mulimonsemo.

Osiyana mapanelo AVR, mwa zina, mungathe ndi kuphedwa. Pakuti pano 25-160 A ntchito atapachikidwa zitsanzo 160-400 A - pansi. Zingwe ndi athandizira ndi linanena bungwe kupyolera zimaswa pansi pa nyumba ya. Hardware yakwera gulu lapadera mkati nduna ya.

Malamulo yaikulu ya Kulumikizana magetsi

Inde, magetsi a m'nyumba ndi manja awo ayenera cholinga malamulo zonse zofunikira. Koma pali vuto, ndi opareshoni monga cabling wa malo a. Mwachindunji ku nyumba Kulumikizana ndi kuika mwa dzenje la mpanda. Malo cabling bwino kukokera mu timachubu anapatsa khoma pa ntchito yomanga. Pankhaniyi idzakhala yophweka m'malo waya aliyense unserviceable ngati n'koyenera. Aliyense chitoliro ayenera kudzazidwa chingwe osapitirira 40%. Izi adzaonetsetsa zosavuta kuchotsa. Komanso akachita Kulumikizana zina wokwera pa kudenga inaimitsidwa kapena mavuto makoma atavala ndi plasterboard pa chimango, ndi zina zotero. D. Iwo amagwiritsanso ntchito pulasitiki kapena zitsulo chubu.

The mkati mphamvu kotunga nyumba payekha ndi mtengo zimatheka ndi Kulumikizana lotseguka Kulumikizana. Zingwe Choncho kuwonjezera mu njira yapadera zopangidwa pulasitiki. Kutalika kwa malo awo pa makoma si yovomerezeka. Mu njira munthu sangakhale imodzi anatambasula kuunikira, mphamvu ndi otsika-voteji mawaya. M'madera nthambi ndi poyera ndi dongosolo chatsekedwa wokwera mabokosi.