Kasupe wa Bakhchisarai: lililonse kuikira kamangidwe kapena khalidwe chikondi?

Kasupe wa Bakhchisarai, kapena monga kutchedwa, "kasupe wa misozi", inamangidwa 1764 ndi Persian wamanga Omer apadera pomanga nyumba zapamwamba kwa wamphamvu. N'zovuta kunena chifukwa woimira Shiite Iran anapita ku ntchito imodzi ya nthambi ya Turkey - Crimea Khan. Mfundo ndi kuti chidani la Turkey ndi Iran (Persia) sikuti anali andale, komanso mizu maganizo. Lalikulu mu Iran, Shia Islam anali nazo zosiyana ena zamulungu pakati Sunni anavomera mu Ottoman ndi ogwirizana ake ndiponso anthu ake. Kulengeza mzake monga achikunja, mayiko awiri anali nkhondo wosatha kuyambira chiyambi cha m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi. Komabe, popeza makumi anai za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu anabwera semidesyatipyatiletnee osayanjanitsika. Mwina masuku pamutu iwo, wotchuka Persian wamanga anapita ku Crimea, ndipo anakhala "mmisiri alendo" kulenga chozizwitsa kakang'ono - The Kasupe wa Bakhchisarai.

Bakhchisaray, panopa Crimea dera pakati m'mbuyomu, anali likulu la Crimea Khanate, adzabweretsa mavuto anansi awo a kumpoto - Russia, Ukraine ndi wa Commonwealth. Krymchaks anapanga anawazunza dziko la Caucasus.

Mu Bakhchisaray anali okhala Crimea Khan - m'nyumba yokongola mu nthawi yathu zalembedwa mu mndandanda wa zipilala tanthauzo lonse la chikhalidwe. Pofuna kuika mu nthaka maganizo awo paradaiso, mapulani Muslim analenga "Palace zipatso" (lotembenuzidwa kuchokera Crimea Chitata chinenero dzina la tawuni Bakhchisaray). Ndipo mzinda alitcha chikuoneka chiyambi cha ntchito yomanga nyumba yachifumu. Pamene kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi, Crimea Khan ankaoneka kutseka wake ndiye mlingo anaganiza kumanga ina yatsopano.

The Khan yachifumu ili akasupe awiri. Mmodzi wa iwo akutchedwa "golide" chifukwa cha golide plating wa chokongoletsera chosonyeza munda wa Edeni. The chachiwiri amatchedwa "kasupe wa misozi" chifukwa cha nthano chikondi amene adamva Pushkin pa ulendo wake Crimea. Malinga ndi nthano, mmodzi wa akazi a Khan poizoni wina, amene mbuye wa Crimea anali kugonjera. Tikaferedwa Khan ndipo anamuuza kuti amange "kasupe wa misozi." Chifukwa cha talente imodzi ya Pushkin, nkhani imeneyi adziwonetsa ntchito odziwika bwino pofotokoza nkhondo Zarema Georgia ndi Litovki Marii itatha imfa ya masika.

"Kasupe wa Misozi" panali dzina zolembalemba "The Kasupe wa Bakhchisarai" mutu wa ndakatuloyi. Pamene Pushkin anapita Bakhchisaray, iye anali mu makumi ake, m'badwo kwambiri chikondi. Popeza kuti Alexander analinso ndakatulo, kuti ndi chikondi awiri, kumva nkhani sakanakhoza kulephera kuti tisangalatse, iye sakanakhoza kulenga ndakatulo za The Kasupe wa Bakhchisarai! Pushkin analemba ntchito ka zaka ziwiri. Anamaliza mu 1823, ndipo mu 1824 inasindikizidwa.

Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti mawu a zomangamanga Kasupe wa Bakhchisarai kanthu pachiyambi, nyumba ya mtundu umenewu ndi wofala m'dzikoli Muslim. Wotchuka kupenta Karla Bryullova, olembedwa mchikakamizo cha Pushkin ndakatulo, amapereka lingaliro zolakwika wa mawonekedwe a kasupe, amene kwenikweni ali ngati kuti mapulani ankaikira wapampopi.

Koma kuti ndi mphamvu ya mbuye! Nzosadabwitsa mutu aulemu a "tate wa chinenero chamakono Russian zolembalemba", malinga ndi mabuku ambiri, anali kupereka ya Pushkin! Kasupe wa Bakhchisarai chifukwa cha talente imodzi ya namatetule ku mchitidwe wamba a zomangamanga malo wakhala chizindikiro cha romanticism.