Analysis wa matabwa pa kuchimwa kwa. Kuchimwa pazipita mtengo wa: chilinganizo

Mtengo - mchitidwe ukachenjede ya ndodo imene yodzaza ndi mphamvu kuchita malangizo ndi perpendicular kwa ndodo. Activities akatswiri kumafuna kufunika kuwerengera mtengo kuchimwa pansi pa katundu. Zimenezi amachitidwa pofuna kuchepetsa kuchimwa pazipita mtengo wa.

mitundu

Pakali pano, ntchito yomanga zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito matabwa anapanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Iyi ndi zitsulo kapena matabwa. Onsewa akusonyeza mtengo osiyana. The mawerengedwe a matabwa pa kuchimwa mwina ena akaona uka pamaziko a kusiyana dongosolo ndi zipangizo ntchito.

matabwa matabwa

Masiku ano munthu yomanga umakhala ponseponse matabwa ntchito ndi mtengo. Pafupifupi nyumba lili apansi matabwa. The matabwa a mtengo angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zinthu akatundu, iwo ntchito pa kupanga mbewu, komanso muzilowa slabs pakati pa mbewu.

Ndi palibe chinsinsi chimene nkhuni, komanso zitsulo mtengo, amamuchititsa sag mchikakamizo cha mphamvu nkhawa. Muvi kuchimwa zimadalira zimene zakuthupi ntchito, makhalidwe zojambula kamangidwe, imene mtanda ntchito, ndi chikhalidwe cha katundu.

Kuchimwa kololeka a mtengo wa aumbike kwa zinthu ziwiri:

• Compliance kuchimwa ndi mfundo chovomerezeka.
• N'zotheka ntchito pa nyumba, kutenga nkhani kuchimwa.

Imachitika pomanga mphamvu ndi chinthu chimodzimodzi kulola bwino kuyamikira zimene katundu chingathe kupirira nyumbayi pa ntchito. Komanso anapezazo izi kulola kupidziwa kodi structural zinthu mapindikidwe lililonse. Mwina palibe wina azenga ndi chakuti kuwerengetsera kwambiri zambiri ndi zolondola - ndi mbali ya ntchito ya akatswiri boma, koma mfundo zonse zofunikira kuchita masamu pogwiritsa ntchito mitunduyi ndi masamu luso paokha.

Pofuna kuti aziwerenga olondola a mtengo kuchimwa, ayenera kupenda chakuti pomanga mfundo chinthu chimodzimodzi ndi mphamvu limodzi. Kuchokera pa kafukufuku wa mawerengedwe a mphamvu, mukhoza chitani kuwerengetsa otsatira stiffness wachibale. Tikumbukenso kuti mawerengedwe a mtengo kuchimwa - wina zofunika za mawerengedwe a stiffness wa.

Samalani mfundo yakuti kwa kuwerengetsera izi nokha bwino ntchito kuwerengetsera aggregated, kuwaika chiwembu wapamwamba. Komanso tikulimbikitsidwa malire yaing'ono njira chachikulu. Makamaka ngati zinthu mawerengedwe nkhawa chonyamulira.

Analysis wa matabwa pa kuchimwa kwa. ndi aligorivimu

Ndipotu aligorivimu ndi amene anapanga aziwerenga ofanana ndi wosavuta. Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani ena chithunzi wosalira wa mawerengedwe, motero kusiya ena mawu enieni ndi kachitidwe. Pofuna kuwerengera kuchimwa kwa milimo pa, kuchita zotsatirazi mu dongosolo. The aligorivimu ya mawerengedwe a zotsatirazi:

• Yowerengera chiwembu wapangidwa.
• Tsimikizani makhalidwe geometrical a mtengo wa.
• Kuwerengera katundu pazipita pa mchitidwe wa.
• Mu nkhani ya kufunika kukhala kutsimikizidwa matabwa mphamvu kupinda mphindi.
• Computes kuchimwa pazipita.

Monga mukuonera, masitepe onse mwachilungamo yosavuta ndi zotheka.

Kukonzekera mawerengedwe chiwembu matabwa

Pofuna kuti mawerengedwe chiwembu, izo sikutanthauza zinthu zambiri. Ndi zokwanira kudziwa kukula ndi mawonekedwe a chigawo mtanda wa zinthu, ndi chikhato pakati pa zogwiriziza ndi njira kubala. Amakhala ndi mtunda pakati pa zogwiriziza awiri. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito mtanda monga mipiringidzo akuthandiza alipo chifukwa chodziwika ndi makoma a nyumba, amene 4 m, phindu chikhato adzakhala wofanana 4 m.

Kuwerengetsa kuchimwa kwa mtengo matabwa, iwo ali ndi maganizo chabe amapereka zinthu za kamangidwe. Pankhani ya pansi matabwa kwa mawerengedwe a wachotsedwa katundu dera ndi anagawira wogawana. Iwo amaimira chizindikiro Q. Ngati katundu umachitika wokhazikika mu chikhalidwe, kuti wachotsedwa katundu dera wambiri, amaimira F. The ukulu wa katundu ameneyu ndi wolingana ndi kulemera, umene amaumiriza kukonza.

mphindi ya inertia

makhalidwe zojambula, wotchedwa nthawi inertia, chofunika kwambiri kuwerengetsera pa kuchimwa kwa mtengo ndi. Ndondomeko amalola kuti aziwerenga izi, ife kupereka pang'ono.

Pamene kuwerengetsa nthawi inertia m'pofunika kulabadira mfundo yakuti kukula kwa mbali zimadalira zimene lathu la amafotokozera mu mlengalenga. Choncho pali ubale osiyanitsidwa pakati pa inertia kamphindi kuchimwa kuchuluka. Ang'onoang'ono kufunika kwa mphindi inertia, wamkulu mtengo kuchimwa ndi mosemphanitsa. kudalira n'zosavuta kwambiri younikira kuchita. Munthu aliyense amadziwa kuti gulu, namsenza m'mphepete, flexes zochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi gulu Mofananamo, amene ali malo yachibadwa.

Kuwerengera nthawi inertia kwa mtengo ndi amakona anayi mtanda chigawo mfundo:

J = b * H ^ 3/12 komwe:

B - yachigawo m'lifupi;

H - kutalika kwa gawo mtengo.

Kuwerengetsa pazipita katundu mlingo

Kuona katundu pazipita pa membala structural opangidwa amaganizira zinthu zingapo ndipo zokhazikitsidwa. Kawirikawiri pamene kuwerengetsa katundu mlingo kutenga nkhani kulemera kwa mita matabwa 1, kulemera kwa 1 lalikulu mita denga, denga katundu ndi chikhalidwe zosakhalitsa katundu ku makomawo pa 1 lalikulu mita denga. Komanso amaganizira mtunda pakati pa matabwa a amayezedwa meters. Mwachitsanzo, kuwerengetsa katundu pazipita pa mtanda matabwa kutenga mfundo zambiri, malinga ndi zimene alipo kulemera ndi makilogalamu 60 / m² sukhalitsa denga katundu ndi 250 makilogalamu / m², partitions angaganizire 75 makilogalamu / m². Kulemera kwa mtanda ndi lophweka kuwerengera, podziwa buku ake ndi osalimba. Kuganiza kuti ntchito matabwa mtengo gawo 0,15h0,2 m. Pankhaniyi, kulemera yace 18 makilogalamu / akuthamanga mita. Komanso Mwachitsanzo, kuganiza mtunda pakati pa matabwa alipo wa 600 mm. Pankhaniyi chiŵerengero chofunikila ndi 0,6 ife.

Chifukwa cha kuwerengetsa katundu pazipita timapeza zotsatira izi: Q = (60 + 250 + 75) * 0.6 + 18 = 249 makilogalamu / m.

Pamene mtengo analandira n'zotheka kusamukira ku mawerengedwe a kuchimwa pazipita.

Kuwerengetsa mtengo wa kuchimwa pazipita

Pamene ife kuwerengera mtengo, njira amasonyeza zinthu zonse zofunikira. Ziyenera adzanyamula kukumbukira kuti chilinganizo ntchito mawerengedwe a angakhale ndi maganizo osiyana ndi pang'ono, ngati mawerengedwe a ikuchitika kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya katundu, umene zimakhudza mtengo wa.

Choyamba timapereka inu chilinganizo ntchito kuwerengera pazipita kuchimwa matabwa matabwa ndi katundu kugawa.

f = -5 * Q * L ^ 4/384 * E * J.

Onani kuti pa dongosolo lino, E - nthawi zonse, wotchedwa zotanuka modulus zakuthupi. Mitengo, chithunzi ichi ndi 100 000 makilogalamu / m².

Kupitiriza ndi mawerengedwe deta yathu ntchito Mwachitsanzo, timapeza kuti, chifukwa matabwa a mtengo, amene mtanda gawo ndi 0,15h0,2 mamita ndi kutalika ndi 4 m, kuchuluka kwa kuchimwa pazipita pamene pansi katundu anagawira ndi wofanana ndi masentimita 0,83.

Chonde dziwani kuti pamene opangidwa kuchimwa mawerengedwe kutenga nkhani dera ndi katundu wambiri, njira zimatengera mtundu zotsatirazi:

f = -F * L ^ 3/48 * E * J, kumene:

F - mphamvu ya kuthamanga pa matabwa.

Komanso kulabadira chakuti mtengo wa modulus wa elasticity ntchito anapezazo ndi zingasiyane kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mtengo. Chotengeka osati mtundu wa mtengo, komanso mtundu wa matabwa. Choncho mtanda wonse wa mtengo, laminated maonekedwe matabwa ndi zipika wozungulira adzakhala moduli osiyanasiyana elasticity, ndi mfundo choncho osiyana a kuchimwa pazipita.

Mukhoza zolinga zosiyana, kupanga mawerengedwe a mitanda kuchimwa lapansi. Ngati mukufuna kudziwa malire a mapindikidwe wa zinthu structural, ndiye, pa mapeto a mawerengedwe a kuchimwa kwa muvi, mukhoza kusiya. Ngati cholinga chanu - kukhazikitsa mlingo wa kugwilizana anapeza zizindikiro za zizindikiro nyumba, iwo ayenera poyerekeza ndi deta, amene anayikidwa mu zolemba yapadera ya chilengedwe normative.

I-mtengo

Chonde dziwani kuti girders I-mtanda ntchito kamodzikamodzi chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo. Komanso musaiwale kuti chinthu kapangidwe chingathe kupirira katundu kwambiri kuposa malo kapena njira, zimenezi mophunzitsa I-mtengo.

Mawerengedwe a kuchimwa H-mtengo waima kuti kukachitika kuti mukupita ntchito wamphamvu mchitidwe kamangidwe.

Chonde kuona kuti si mitundu yonse ya girders I-mtengo mukhoza kuwerengera kuchimwa. Nthawi zina Komabe, analola kuwerengera kuchimwa H-mtengo? Nthawi zonsezi 6, omwe akufanana ndi mitundu isanu I-matabwa. Izi mitundu ndi izi:

• Lembani osakwatiwa-chikhato mtengo ndi katundu uniformly anagawira.
• Kutonthoza Sizisuntha ophatikizidwa kumapeto wina ndi uniformly anagawira katundu.
• The kwenikweni kwa chikhato chimodzi kwa kutonthoza ndi dzanja limodzi, lomwe likugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa katundu uniformly anagawira.
• Single mtengo ndi mtundu hinge wodziwika ndi mphamvu kulimbikira.
• Single-chikhatho chimodzi chabe anathandiza mtengo ndi magulu awiri kulimbikira.
• Kutonthoza ndi kutsekedwa okhwima ndi mphamvu kulimbikira.

matabwa zitsulo

The mawerengedwe a kuchimwa pazipita yemweyo, kaya ndi zitsulo mtengo kapena mchitidwe zinthu zosiyana. Chinthu chachikulu - kumbukirani mfundo amene ali enieni ndi okhazikika, monga mwachitsanzo modulus wa elasticity. Pamene akugwira ntchito matabwa zitsulo, nkofunika kukumbukira kuti akhoza zopangidwa ndi zitsulo, kapena I-mtengo. Kuchimwa zitsulo mtengo zopangidwa ndi zitsulo, ndi kuchita masamu kuganizira kuti E zonse mu nkhani iyi ndi 2 × 105Mpa. zinthu zina zonse, monga nthawi inertia, mopitirira monga ma aligorivimu tafotokozazi.

The mawerengedwe a kuchimwa pazipita mtengo ndi zogwiriziza awiri

Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani chiwembu chimene mtengowo uli pa zogwiriziza awiri, ndipo thereto umagwiritsidwa ntchito mphamvu kuikapo maganizo pa mfundo zongopeka. Mpaka nthawi ya ntchito gulu mtengo ndi mzere woongoka, koma mchikakamizo cha mphamvu zasintha chikuoneka ndi chifukwa cha kupsyinjika anakhala limaoneka lokongola.

Tiyerekeze kuti ndege XY ndi ndege chosokonekera cha mtengo pa zogwiriziza awiri. akatundu onse akuchita pa mtengo uli nkutheka ndegeyo. Pankhaniyi, dziwani kuti pamapindikira analandira chifukwa cha mphamvu, kudzakhala mu ndege imeneyi. pamapindikira akutchedwa mzere zotanuka wa mtengo kapena mzere mtengo kuchimwa. Algebraically kuthetsa mzera zotanuka ya mtengo ndi kuwerengera kuchimwa kwa mtengo wa, chilinganizo chimene chili ndi matabwa ndi zogwiriziza awiri motere.

Kuchimwa pa mtunda z ku matabwa kumanzere kuthandiza 0 ≤ z ≤ ndi

F (z) = (P * ndi ² * b ²⁾ / (6E * J * L ) * ( 2 * z / munthu + z / bz ^3/2 * b)

Kuchimwa kwa mtanda pa zogwiriziza awiri pa mtunda z kuchokera thandizo kumanzere kwa ≤ z ≤l

f (z) = (- P * ndi ² * b ²⁾ / (6E * J * L ) * ( 2 * (lz) / b + ( lz) / a- (lz) ³ / munthu + b ^{2) kumene} F - ntchito mphamvu, E - zotanuka modulus cha chuma, J - ofananira mphindi inertia.

Pankhani ya mtengo ndi awiri amathandiza nthawi inertia kuchita masamu motere:

J = b ₁ H ₁ ^3/12 kumene b ₁ ndi H ₁ - m'lifupi ndi kutalika kwa gawo mtanda wa mtengo ntchito, motero.

Pomaliza

Pomaliza, Ndizachidziwikire kuti samstoyatelno kuwerengera kuchimwa pazipita mtanda wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi wosavuta. Monga tikuonera m'nkhani ino, chinthu chachikulu - kudziwa zina mwa makhalidwe amene amadalira chuma ndi zojambula makhalidwe, ndi kuchita kuwerengetsera pa mitunduyi zingapo zimene wina chizindikiro ali malongosoledwe ndipo sanatenge balamanthu.