Unyinji maselo a mlengalenga - kutsimikiza

Kulemera maselo chimaonetsera Uwerenge ambirimbiri maatomu opezeka molekyulu wa thunthu. Kawirikawiri yafotokozedwera amu (atomiki misa mayunitsi), nthawi zina amatchedwanso Da ndipo amaimira D. Pakuti 1 amu lero anatengera 1/12 kulemera C ¹² mpweya maatomu, mu mayunitsi wa misa ofanana ^1,66057.10 -27 kg.

Choncho, misa atomiki wa hayidirojeni ndi wofanana 1, amasonyeza kuti atomu wa hydrogen mu ¹ H 12 C nthawi ¹² mosavuta mpweya maatomu. Yochulutsa ndi maselo kulemera mankhwala pawiri pa ^1,66057.10 -27 kupeza phindu maselo kulemera mu makilogalamu.

Komabe zochita, kusangalala ndi yabwino ukulu mimba = M / D, kumene M - maselo kulemera mu mayunitsi yemweyo kulemera monga D. Unyinji maselo a mpweya, m'kukoma mayunitsi mpweya 16 × 2 = 32 (diatomic mpweya molekyulu) . Momwemonso, kuwerengetsera mankhwala ndipo mopitirira misa maselo a mankhwala ena. Unyinji maselo a hayidirojeni, amenenso ndi diatomic molekyulu ndi wofanana, motero, 2 × 1 = 2.

Maselo kulemera - khalidwe la misa avareji molekyulu, ndi limalola zikuchokera isotopic kwa zinthu zomwe ndi mankhwala. mlingo uwu zingadziŵike chifukwa osakaniza zinthu zingapo amene zikuchokera amadziwika. Makamaka, maselo Unyinji wa mpweya angathe kumwedwa wofanana 29.

Koyambirira umagwirira ife ntchito mfundo Mole. Today lingaliro ili m'malo mwa mol - kuchuluka kwa mankhwala kupanga angapo particles (mamolekyulu, maatomu, ayoni) wofanana ndi Avogadro zonse (6.022 × 10 ^23). Mpaka lero, nawonso kale ntchito mawu akuti "molar (maselo) kulemera." Koma, mosiyana ndi kulemera, zimene zimadalira ndondomeko Hrs, kulemera - ndi chizindikiro zonse, choncho onse ndi ofanana ndi yolondola kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mawu amenewa.

Maselo misa ya mpweya monga mpweya zina anapeza ntchito malamulo Avogadro a. Lamulo limeneli limati m'mikhalidwe zofanana m'mavoliyumu zofanana mpweya kudzapereka nambalayi wa mamolekyulu. Choncho, pansi zina kutentha ndi kuthamanga mol mpweya Babulo adzakhala buku chomwecho. Popeza kuti zimenezi zichitike mosamalitsa malamulo mpweya abwino mol mpweya munali 6.022 × ^{23 October} mamolekyulu zimatengera pa 0 ° C ndi 1 m'mlengalenga kuthamanga ndi buku la malita 22.414.

Maselo Unyinji wa mpweya kapena aliyense zinthu zina gaseous ili. Tsimikizani ndi unyinji wa buku kudziwika mpweya pa kufinya zina ndi kutentha. Ndiye amakonzedwa omwe sanali ideality cha gasi weniweni ndi ntchito Clapeyron aone kuti pali PV = RT anapatsidwa buku zinthu mavuto 1 m'mlengalenga ndi 0 ° C. ndiye, podziwa buku ndi misa pansi pa zikhalidwe izi kwa mafuta abwino, n'zosavuta kuwerengera kulemera kwa malita 22,414 ndipo mitundu mayeso gasi ndiko kuti, thupi lake maselo. Choncho ndipo anatsimikiza misa maselo a mpweya.

Njira imeneyi amapereka n'ngolondoladi kulemera mfundo maselo, omwe nthawi zina ngakhale kuti mtima wa misa atomiki la mankhwala. Pakuti kafukufuku yovuta ya kulemera maselo mpweya izo zambiri amadziŵa abwino, ndi kusintha zina ndi sanachite.

The njira pamwamba kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa kudziwa kulemera maselo zakumwa oyaka.