Atomiki misa: dongosolo whimsical

Onse zosiyanasiyana zinthu alipo chifukwa osakaniza zosiyanasiyana maatomu. Izo zinachitika kuti izi mitundu ya maatomu - chabe lero zana. Koma iwo - anyamatawo capricious ndithu, ndipo amaphatikizidwa ndi mzake osati ndi malamulo a combinatorics, ndipo malinga ndi malamulo zimapangidwira. Komabe, chiwerengero cha wothandizila ndi yaikulu, ndi kukula. Koma chiwerengero cha odziwika mankhwala zinthu pafupifupi osati kuchuluka. Aliyense wapadera ndi zovuta zake "chithunzi". Ndipo mbali yaikulu ya zinthu zonse - atomiki kulemera.

Unit ya misa - chiwerengero ndi laling'ono kwambiri. Palibe mitundu zilipo maatomu ndi oyenereradi ngati phungu kukhala woyezera kulemera (koma wapafupi kunali kuwala wa hydrogen). Chifukwa cha zimenezi, asayansi anaganiza lovuta awerengere nambala - limodzi akhumi ya misa mtheradi wa amafotokozera ndi monga mpweya. Anapeza kuti chiwerengero zabwino kwambiri akufotokoza chiŵerengero imene maatomu mbali ndi mzake. Choncho, atomiki misa wagawo anamuzindikira kwa chiwerengero cha mmene ochepa, uwu ndi wamng'onoyo "khumi ndi mphamvu ya opanda makumi awiri ndi chiwiri."

Zikuonekeratu kuti kugwiritsa ntchito nambala wovuta. Inu mukumvetsa izo kuwerengetsera kulikonse kokani opanda digiri makumi awiri ndi chiwiri osati dzanja, ndi chifukwa chiwerengero angakhale ofanana wovuta, wolemera. Kodi kuchita? Ntchito unit monga wachibale atomiki misa amafotokozera. Ndi chiyani icho? Zonse zichitike zapamwamba - anatengedwa mtheradi atomiki misa (nambala ya wovuta kwambiri, pafupifupi mulingo womwewo wa zoipa), lagawidwa wathu-akhumi unyinji wa mpweya. Chotero kodi? Ndiko kulondola, mlingo wa chiwerengero yafupika ndipo analandira ndithu yabwino. Mwachitsanzo, sikisitini mpweya atomu, fortini - kuti asafe. Mpweya ndiye, adzakhala ndi unyinji wa khumi ndi ziwiri. A wa hydrogen atomiki kulemera - wina, koma osati kwenikweni amene amatsimikizira kuti si onse a hydrogen anatengedwa kwa anapezazo, ngakhale chiwerengero kwambiri kulemera kwake.

Ndiye n'chifukwa chiyani wachibale atomiki misa aliyense mchitidwe - chiwerengero si chidwi kwambiri, si inteja? Chinthu ndi mphepo, ngakhale kukhala mitundu maatomu mwa mitundu angakwanitse ndi "mitundu". Ena a iwo ndi wosakhazikika, kunena mwachidule, ndi zosavuta zokha kusokonekera. Koma kwa kanthawi uko, chotero iwo sitingakane. Nthawi zambiri, ndipo ngati njira lonse chinthu khola zikuphatikizapo subtypes ndi misa osiyana atomiki. Iwo akutchedwa isotopes. Izi anamasuliridwa kuti iwo amakhala khungu kudziwika kwa gome lirilonse schoolchild - inde, inu anaganiza izo, tebulo nthawi.

Koma ndi misa atomiki la mchitidwe amapanga zinthu? Konse, chinthu amakhala ndi nambala zambiri chachikulu mapulotoni mu phata la. Apa kungakhale fractional ndipo amasonyeza zabwino kuyang'anira phata la. The "chete" a ma elekitironi la atomu momwe mapulotoni mu phata la, choncho kulemekeza atomu ndi electrically ndale. Malinga ndi mlandu wa pa mtima ndi ma atomu , ndi imakonzedwa mu akuyambira pa tebulo nthawi, koma thupi lawo zina osamvera lamulo limeneli. Choncho, pali-pokhapokha ngati ankawonjezereka atomu waima patsogolo pa tebulo mwa ndondomeko. Chabwino, chifukwa chala kuti basi isotopes. Nature "ankafuna" isotopes katundu anali kwambiri chinthu ichi. Koma wachibale atomiki misa poyera mogwirizana ndi chiwerengero cha isotopes osiyana. Mwachidule, ngati chikhalidwe cha isotopes yaitali ankawonjezereka - atomiki misa adzakhala ngati kuunika - ndi zochepa. Ndipo chododometsa a dongosolo lino nthawi.

Ndipotu, anati misa atomiki ochepa m'Chingelezi chosavuta. Pali malamulo ofunika kwambiri ndi kwambiri za tebulo nthawi. Koma iwo amafuna nkhani zosiyana, mwina ife tibwererenso kuti tiganizire ina, muwerengi wokondedwa.