Magetsi capacitance

The ochititsa awiri, amene amalimata Chrixitu ndipo anaikidwa pafupi kupanga capacitor.

The ochititsa kupanga capacitor mlandu wofanana mu ukulu ndi milandu zosiyana.

Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mchitidwe ndi lathyathyathya capacitor wapangidwa awiri mbale kufanana zitsulo ankasiyana wosanjikiza dielectric. Mtunda pakati pa mbale ndi yochepa polingana ndi kukula. The capacitor mbale amatchedwa zigawo capacitor a.

Kulipiritsa mbale ofanana milandu anyamata, n'zotheka angagwirizanitse iwo kwa mizati ya makina magetsi. Kenako pa mbale wina amapita mlandu zoipa zina - mlandu positive.

Mukhoza kulumikiza mmodzi wa mbale ndi mzati galimoto ndi zina pansi; koma pa mbale wina ndi kupatsidwa ulemu uka mlandu, ofanana ukulu ndi ufalikire chizindikiro mlandu wa mbale choyamba. Ngati mbale ndi mlandu ndi zabwino, ndi mbale kupatsidwa ulemu mu mtengo zoipa; mtengo zabwino kwatha ndi ma elekitironi mu mbale, pritekshimi pa mbale nthaka yomwe ndi pafupifupi sizidzatha gwero la iwo. Chidwi ndi zabwino mlandu mbale A mlandu zoipa adzakhala imapezeka pamwamba lamkati la mbale akukumana A.

Ngati mbale wina zoipa mlandu, ndi ma elekitironi ufulu amaipidwa kuchokera mbale mu mbale A, ndi kupita mu mbale pansi Choncho ndithu mlandu.

Pa nthawi zonsezi milandu kwambiri za yekha pa msinkhu akukumana pamalo A ndi B.

Popeza milandu pa pamalo lakunja limachititsa kwathunthu kusamutsa milandu capacitor kudzera mbali yakunja ya zipangizo. Mlandu wa capacitor ndi anatsimikiza ndi kuyang'anira mmodzi wa mbale wake, monga pali mtengo wofanana mu ukulu kwa wina ndi kupatsidwa ulemu.

Kulowa mbale wina wa capacitor ndi ndodo electrometer, ndi mbale wina ndi nyumba electrometer chinakhazikika. Ntchito kafukufuku mkanda ndidzadutsa sequentially capacitor kuyang'anira mbali ofanana. Tikuona kuti ndi kuwonjezeka woyang'anira mu nthawi 2, 3, 4 kapena kuposa, motero, 2, 3, nthawi 4 kapena kuposa kumawonjezera kusiyana kuthekera kwa capacitor lapansi.

Khalidwe limeneli, lomwe kuwayeza chiŵerengero cha mtengo capacitor kuti kusiyana angathe mbale wake (kapena mbale) ndi capacitance wa capacitor lapansi.

Kutanthauza izo mwa kalata C, mukhoza kulemba:

C = Q / (φ1 - φ2).

Munda magetsi pakati pa mbale capacitor zayamba zokha mmenemo, kotero thupi yozungulira musati bwanji capacitance wa capacitor lapansi.

Zatsopano ankachiritsa. Tengani mbale capacitor tichipeza awiri zitsulo mbale A ndi B, kutetezedwa pa insulators.

Kugwirizana ndi mbale electrometer mbale A monga ochirimika. A mbale mlandu, mmene electrometer chizindikiro ena angathe kusiyana kwa capacitor lapansi. Ngati mawonekedwe mbale B kuti A, izo Tingaone kuti angathe kusiyana mbale amachepetsa.

Kucheperachepera kusiyana angathe mbale capacitor ndi kuyang'anira zonse izo zikusonyeza kuwonjezeka mphamvu.

Choncho, planar capacitor adzakhala wamkulu kuposa mtunda pakati pa mbale ndi zosakwana kapena zosakwana makulidwe a dielectric akachita pakati zipangizo.

Mu kusuntha mbale wachibale kwa mbale A mmwamba ndi pansi, ife kusintha malo mbale, ndi matanthauzo kulowererana. Ngakhale kuona kuwerenga electrometer, kodi titsimikize kuti zazikulu dera toyalana mbale wa capacitor m'pamenenso mphamvu. Ikuluikulu m'dera la mbale capacitor, wamkulu mlandu maganizo pa iwo nthawi imeneyi Zoyenereza ofanana.

Tiyeni kuchita kafukufuku wina. Kukonza ichi capacitor mbale A ndi B pa mtunda wina ndi mzake, ndi mbale ndi mlandu.

Onani ukulu wa kusiyana ndi kuthekera pamene mpweya amachita monga dielectric a. Tsopano ikani pepalalo galasi pakati mbale, kapena insulator ina; tiona kuti izi kusiyana angathe yafupika. Kulera kwa mlingo wake m'mbuyomu, m'pofunika kuwonjezera kwa mbale ndi mlandu. Kuchokera pamenepa, ndizoonekeratu kuti m'malo a wosanjikiza mpweya pakati pa zigawo capacitor ndi dielectric ina kumawonjezera mphamvu.

Tiyeni S₀ - capacitance capacitor, pamene lopanda pakati mbale wake kapena mpweya, ndi C - mphamvu yake ndi ntchito dielectric lapansi.

Nagawira C ndi S₀, ife tikupeza permittivity dielectric ԑ:

ԑ = C / S₀.

Choncho, ikuluikulu permittivity wa dielectric ndi, ikuluikulu capacitance magetsi a capacitor lapansi.