Ndalama za kumalo a ntchito: makhalidwe ndi magwero chachikulu

Ndalama - ndi malisiti ndalama ndi phindu la amalonda omwe anafuna kuti mukulitse ndi kulimbikitsa kupanga, kugwira zolimbikitsa ndalama akwaniritsa zofunikira ndi zina zotero. Iwo ndiwo chizindikiro ubale weniweni zachuma.

Magwero a ndalama

Ofunika kwambiri awa ndi mtengo wa GDP mu dziko, chomwe ndi phindu malipiro ndi mapulani likulu.

magwero awo pa mlingo zazikulu ndi:

• ndalama kuchokera FEA (ntchito yachilendo chuma) ;
• GDP;
• chuma anakopeka (a ngongole);
• chuma cha dziko.

Magwero pa mlingo yaying'ono ali motere:

• anabwereka ndalama (chimaposa ngongole azipereke pa chuma, m'matangadza, etc.);
• ndalama, amene analandira ndi mwa dongosolo la yogawa (inshuwalansi gawo ndi zina zotero);
• mwini ndalama ndi anthu ukugwira kwa iwo (tchuthi malipiro ndi malipiro a ogwira ntchito).

ndalama akugwira ntchito ndi kuliika likulu. awo
mapangidwe limapezeka pa mlingo chachikulu, nthawi ya mapangidwe kampani pamene pali chilungamo. Tikuyankhula zokhudza chuma cha gulu, amene analengedwa ndi thandizo la zopereka constituent. Choncho, ndalama ndi anthu amene zinthu zimene zilipo kwa eni pambuyo ndalama sanatsatiridwe kuti azipeza kangachepe panopa ndi malipiro malipiro.

Ndalama limayendera, anakonza ndi chidwi ndi njira yapadera yomwe imakhala ya zinthu inakula. Tiyeni tione iwo mwatsatanetsatane:

• njira Economic - njira chikoka pa ndondomeko kupanga. Ndiyamika chuma chawo alipo ndalama kwaiye ndi ntchito.
• Malamulo thandizo la "ntchito" pa maziko a malamulo, malamulo, malangizo ndi zikalata zina malamulo.
• popezera mpata Financial - izi ndi njira kuti "choyambitsa" chuma.
• Standard yokonza - izi ndi malamulo, malangizo, malangizo, malemba, mafotokozedwe methodological, malangizo, tariffs ndi zina zotero.
• Information thandizo - zosiyanasiyana thandizo malonda, chuma ndi ndalama. Pamafunikanso komanso mudziwe solvency chuma ndi mtendere wa mpikisano ndi abwenzi, ubwino wa uphungu, mitengo, chidwi, benefiti m'misika (katundu, chofunika, kuwombola yachilendo), zinthu pa katundu kuwombola, mabungwe malonda, ndi zina zotero.

ndalama zambiri ntchito pa mbali zotsatirazi:

1. Kupereka njira yopanga (mtengo wa ndalama, kukonza, kugula katundu chosaoneka ndi maso, kupereka mabonasi kulimbikitsa ogwira ntchito, ndalama ndi malo thumba).
2. Yofunsira chitetezo, chitetezo boma, boma ndi mabungwe yazamalamulo.
3. Ndalama kuti aphedwe udindo ndalama ndalama ndi, oyambitsa, ma sheya hoda ndi zina zotero.

ndalama amayambira ndi ntchito chifukwa cha njira yapadera ulamuliro. Tikuyankhula zokhudza kasamalidwe, zomwe cholinga chake ndi kukwaniritsa mwatsatanetsatane ndi njira zolinga za gulu.

Ulamuliro mulingo woyenera, kasamalidwe ayenera:

• bungwe ndi kusamalira asapita kampani m'munda zachuma ndi mabizinezi ena, kampani ya inshuwalansi, mabanki, ndi ndondomeko ya magulu osiyanasiyana, komanso asapita ndalama m'gululi;
• kupanga ndalama, kulosera kufika awo ndi kutulutsa kukhathamiritsa;
• kuonetsetsa likulu ndi limodzi ndondomeko ya kugwira ntchito zake;
• kumaonetsetsa mwachindunji utuluke ndalama.