Mphamvu ya magetsi ndi chiyani?

Nthawi zambiri kusukulu maphunziro sayansi mphunzitsi kufotokoza magetsi nkhani anadza kuyerekeza ya magetsi pa madzi. Nthawi zambiri, ngakhale kuti nthawi zonse, wosafuna zambiri kumvetsa njira, monga fanizo alandiridwa ndithu. Ndipotu, ngakhale mawu akuti "panopa" ntchito pofotokoza kuti zakumwa. Ndipo kodi mphamvu? Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro za nkhaniyi, umatha muli chinachake. Mwachitsanzo, aliyense amadziwa kuti mabanki mphamvu malita 3. Mwachionekere, kuchuluka kwa madzi anadzadza mwachindunji amadalira tonnage chombocho. Choncho, ngati inu kutenga zidebe ziwiri, mwachitsanzo, 8 ndi malita 12, kutalika ndi ofanana ndi kusiyana kokha awiri. Lingaliro la "mphamvu ya magetsi" m'nkhaniyi ndi ofanana kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mmodzi wa magawo kulimbikitsa mphamvu - kukula chake. Magetsi mphamvu (E.E.) - mphamvu kudziunjikira ndi kusunga wina kuchuluka kwa magetsi. nkhani iliyonse conductive ali EE ena, potsata magawo angapo. Kudzikundikira mlandu n'zotheka choncho kumene kulibe kuthekera Kusefukira kwa chinthu china ndi mphamvu apamwamba.

Mphamvu ya magetsi tingasonyezere mfundo, amene amaganizira luso kudziunjikira mlandu (kuthekera - v) ndi kuchuluka kwa woyang'anira (Q). Anasankha «m'ma» kalata:

m'ma = Q / vesi

Zamagetsi capacitance amayezedwa farads. Komabe, popeza kuchuluka izi opondapo, m'madera amakono a pakompyuta ndi yaying'ono-PF kunadetsa ntchito. muli Large pokhapokha ntchito zipangizo zenizeni ndi kuwerengetsera. Motero, manambala oyambirira "yaying'ono ndi pico kukhala ofanana ndi 1 * 10 -6 ndi -12 digiri. njira mosavuta pofotokoza mphamvu yekhayekha magetsi a wochititsa lapansi.

Tayerekezerani wochititsa umene uli sanali conductive sing'anga panopa, ndiponso palibe munda kunja. Polumikiza kwa gwero mphamvu. Ena mwa ma elekitironi umalowa kapangidwe ka zinthu, kupanga mphamvu kwambiri, i.e. mlanduwo izi tikhoza kuchita ntchito pa zinthu zina (kulenga kuzungulira). Iwo amafalitsidwa pa pamwamba ndi osalimba ena potsata kasinthidwe okhudza malo wochititsa ndi miyeso yake. Iliyonse mlandu mfundo lilipo munda magetsi imagwira mbali zina zonse wochititsa lapansi. Lingathe zimene munthu wochititsa akutali ndi zogwirizana mwachindunji mlandu. The chiŵerengero cha mtengo (Q) kuti angathe (Fi) kuganiziridwa kuti kondakitala ndi zonse kuyambira zimatengera yekha pa kukula (kukula, mawonekedwe) ndi koyefishienti wa nthawi zonse dielectric a sing'anga. Mu chitsanzo si kanthu kuti anasonyeza wofufuza yekha. Ngati pali pafupi ndi iwo a matupi zina m'munda magetsi wagawo milandu adzakhala anachititsa mu matupi ozungulira angathe chizindikiro anyamata, zokhudza phindu chomaliza (zomwe ndi zing'onozing'ono).

Amafotokozera losavuta ntchito katundu kudziunjikira magetsi - ndi capacitor. Amakhala ndi ochititsa awiri ankasiyana zakuthupi ndi dielectric. Maonekedwe ake ndi kuti kwaiye munda magetsi ndi "kugwirizana" pakati maelekitirodi ndi (otsutsana mbali ya akuwauza) ndipo pafupifupi ziribe mphamvu pa thupi ozungulira, choncho, angathe ntchito kunja ndi wopanda pake.

Kuonjezera mphamvu mu njira zingapo:

• kuchepetsa kusiyana maelekitirodi lapansi. Wosatha kuchepetsa n'zosathekadi, monga mmene zingakhalire sanali conductive chitsanzo, chifukwa kufa mlandu;
• kusankha zinthu sanali conductive ndi kusokonezeka zonyamula;
• kuonjezera dera zipangizo. Pofuna kukhala miyeso zolandirika capacitor nthawi zambiri kusintha dongosolo okhudza malo a zipangizo. Mwachitsanzo, akuwauza awiri anapotoza mu mphete ankasiyana insulator ndi.