Akatswiri ofufuza ku Antarctica. Antarctica Research mu Century 21

Kupezeka ndi kuphunzira Antarctica - chimodzi cha zochitika zazikulu m'mbiri. Kupezeka kwa Africa chimodzi ndi kuwerenga mbali yake anapatsa anthu ambiri zokulitsira nzeru zawo za dziko. zikuluzikulu kwambiri zochita kafukufuku amachitika Antarctica mu zaka za m'ma watha, koma lero Africa achisanu ndi n'zoperewera chidwi.

anagwirizana

Modern kafukufuku Antarctica ikuchitika ndi mphamvu za m'mayiko ena. Chikalata pa mndandanda ankachita ndi mayiko osiyana mu dera la Africa achisanu unakhazikitsidwa mu 1959. Ndiye maiko khumi anasaina Antarctic Pangano, chimene mu Africa chimodzi ndikoletsedwa kuchita ntchito ya usilikali, kukaika zinyalala poizoni ndi ena, ndipo kwa kanthawi atapanga chonena malo. Pakali pano, pangano limeneli panaoneka mayiko 33. Chifukwa, kafukufuku Antarctic m'nthawi ya 21 nthawi zambiri padziko lonse mu chirengedwe. Komanso, kuyambira 1991 Africa achisanu anatchedwa World Natural Reserve.

Udindo wa Russia

Dziko lathu mwalamulo alibe zonena malo. The ofufuza Russian ntchito ambiri national kumabungwe a Antarctica. mmene ntchito sayansi Komabe, sanabadwe nditapatsidwa izo zinali pa nthawi ya Soviet Union. Komabe, zimenezi akupeza bwino chaka chilichonse. Permanent ulendo wa ofufuza Russian kumalo ozizira akuphunzira zosiyanasiyana zokhudza Geological, dera limene akukhala, nyengo ndi zina zinthu m'dzikoli.

Madera chidwi

Akatswiri ofufuza ku Antarctica imachitika mbali zingapo:

• phunziro lofunika ya Antarctic;
• sayansi ndi ntchito kafukufuku;
• zosonkhanitsira deta pa chilengedwe cha South dera kumalo ozizira;
• zoteteza chilengedwe;
• mmene kukumana kafukufuku zimathandiza, makamaka, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ndi kulimbikitsidwa okwerera Russian kukhala pa iwo.

microcosm

Antarctica - zintchito kwa malo ake, anthu a zamoyo, makamaka nyengo - akuoneka ndithu anamvetsa. Komabe, mu mbali zomwe agulu lotsogolera anali malo awo. Mwachitsanzo, chidwi asayansi ochuluka kukopa ndi microcosm achilendo Africa. mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana ndi bowa kuti alipo pano zimasiyana ndi achibale awo ku zinthu zina m'maiko kuti azolowere zinthu mwankhanza kwambiri a Antarctica. Ngati mulibe kuganizira mabacteria dhuzi na gombe, kutentha pano sasefukira pamwamba -20 ° C, mpweya youma, mphepo yamphamvu kuwomba zonse.

Ambiri a kafukufuku lerolino Antarctica imakhudzana ndi chizindikiritso cha mbali ya tizilombo. chawo dziphunzitsiranso zakonzedwa kuti ntchito mankhwala zolinga. Asayansi pali maganizo kuti kontinenti achisanu ndi zofunikira kuti akapeze ena tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Kumeneko kukhala ndi katundu ndi makhalidwe chofunika kupulumuka, kenako m'Malemba angalenge mankhwala aluso.

nyanja Vostok

Chimodzi mwa magulu chidwi kwambiri tizilombo, asayansi kupeza mu pansi-ayezi posungira. Nyanja Vostok, dzina lake polemekeza yapafupi Russian siteshoni, yomwe ili pa akuya pafupifupi 4000 meters. wapadera wake uli asanaonane ndi mpweya wa dziko lapansi kwa zaka mamiliyoni ambiri. The topezeka la nyanja "mothballed" ndipo anyamula kwambiri tizilombo chodabwitsa. Putative "anthu" nyanja ayenera kuzilepheretsa kuthamanga, kutentha otsika kwambiri, mpweya ndende nthawi 50 kuposa mlingo mu madzi akumwa, chakudya ndi mpweya zochita kupanga. Kufikira tsopano, tizilombo ngati sakudziwika kwa sayansi.

Phunziro la nyanja mu 70s Mu zaka zapitazo, anaganiza kuyamba pobowola. Komabe, padziko East kufika posachedwapa monga 2012. Ndiye analandira ndipo kenako zitsanzo 3507 wapadera mbali DNA anapezeka. Ambiri a iwo, pafupifupi 94%, limabweretsa mabakiteriya, kenako bowa - peresenti awo anayi. Komanso mbali ziwiri a Archean opezeka zitsanzo za.

Nyanja Research akupitiriza lero, kuyambira m'pofunika kupeza zitsanzo madzi kuchokera pansi pake, komanso kutsimikiza kapena kutsutsa zotsatira za m'mbuyomo. Maganizo kwa iwo mu dziko sayansi ndi osokoneza. Ena ofufuza adalosera atulukira tizilombo ngakhale lalikulu monga nsomba. owatsutsa kuti mwina mbali ya DNA wakhala anabweretsa bulauni, ndi zina akuimira zotsalira za zolengedwa zinatha.

ambiri

East - osati subglacial nyanja m'dzikoli. Lero tikudziwa 145 Madamu, mwina ali formations ofanana. Komanso kafukufuku ziliri pa Antarctica ndi anaikira mu digiri imodzi kapena chimzake nyanja lotseguka m'dzikoli. Ena a iwo ali odzazidwa ndi madzi, ena - mineralized. "Anthu" nyanja awa ndi tizilombo chomwecho, asayansi sumatha pamaso pa nsomba ndi arthropods. Part nyanja ili mu madzi otchedwa ndi zilumba subantarctic amawatulutsa kuchokera ayezi pachaka. Ena nthawi zonse zobisika. Ena angafunike adzamasulidwa kamodzi kokha zaka zingapo.

litafika

Land ku Antarctica, yeniyeni padziko Africa ndi matabwa ake mkati si chinthu chokha chimene ofufuza chidwi. Mu kuphunzira mtima nthawi zambiri mlengalenga ndi nyengo njira. "Mpweya umene dzenje" anapeza mu 1985 pa Antarctica. Kuyambira pamenepo, iye nthawi zonse pansi pa chofufuzidwa asayansi. Deta ndi ofufuza pa malo Russian, amasonyeza kuti dzenje posachedwapa "kuchiza." Akatswiri ena m'nkhani imeneyi ankaona kuti zodabwitsazi si opangidwa, monga izo zimayenera kale, ndi masoka.

Lakutali, mwachinsinsi, ayezi, kum'mwera - Antarctica kuyambira maonekedwe Kale The kopanda woyamba linakhalapo analandira zambiri adjectives. Ndipo onse a iwo kwathunthu zoyenera. Mbali atsopano a chitukuko cha Africa chimodzi isiyana ndi kukonzekera luso yapita bwino ndi akatswiri. Kuchuluka chitonthozo kukhala pa malo, bwino kusankha njira kumalo ozizira (monga maphunziro, maganizo nyengo yofunika kwambiri kuposa nyengo). Zonse kutukula luso thandizo mamishoni. Mwachidule, zinthu zonse liwunikidwenso zinsinsi ndi zinsinsi za ayezi Africa.