Magetsi chitsulo: yopanga ndi ntchito

Ulimi wa mtundu uwu wa zitsulo ali ndi malo kutsogolera mwa zipangizo zina maginito. Magetsi chitsulo - ndi aloyi wa chitsulo ndi pakachitsulo ndi chiwerengero cha ku 0,5% 5%. Ponseponse kutchuka kwa mtundu umenewu wa mankhwala singalifotokoze mkulu katundu mu atomu ndi makina. Chopangidwa kuchokera zitsulo zigawo zikuluzikulu wamba, ndiponso palibe kuchepekedwa. Ikufotokoza mtengo wake otsika.

Mmene pakachitsulo

Izi chigawo molumikizana ndi chitsulo kupanga njira wandiweyani wa resistivity mkulu, phindu limene zimadalira kuchuluka pakachitsulo mu aloyi lapansi. Mothandizidwa pa chitsulo koyera, wotaya katundu maginito. Koma tikamva koleji M'malo mwake, wokondwa positive. The permeability ya chitsulo ndi chinawonjezeka ndi kusintha kwa mtendere wa zitsulo. Zotsatira opindulitsa pakachitsulo (Si) akhoza anafotokoza motere. Mothandizidwa ndi mchitidwe uwu tikafika ku graphite mpweya kusintha mkhalidwe cementite amene ali maginito katundu m'munsi. Amafotokozera Si ali zimakhudzanso likuwonongekera kuchepetsa kupatsidwa ulemu. chikoka kwake kukupitirira kwa madutsidwe matenthedwe ndi osalimba a chitsulo.

Zosafunika za zikuchokera

Mu dongosolo la magetsi zitsulo anyamula zosakaniza zina: sulfure, mpweya, manganese, phosphorous ndi ena. Kwambiri zoipa anthu - mpweya (C). Zimakhala mu mawonekedwe monga cementite, ndi graphite. Ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana pa aloyi, komanso ngati kuchuluka zili mpweya. Kupewa osafunika inclusions mchitidwe C, zitsulo sangathe utakhazikika lotsatira msanga ukalamba ndi olimba.

mavuto pa katundu zakuthupi ndi zigawo izi: mpweya, sulfure ndi manganese. Kumachepetsa makhalidwe ake maginito. Luso chitsulo kapangidwe kake kwenikweni ali zosafunika. Apa, iwo ayenera kumwedwa nkhani lonse, osati monga chitsulo yoyera.

N'zotheka kusintha katundu wa zitsulo kutsatira kuyeretsedwa ku zosafunika. Koma njira zimenezi ndi zopindulitsa kwa kupanga zikuluzikulu. Koma pakubwezeretsa pepala mitundu ozizira magetsi zitsulo chuma maginito mu dongosolo lake. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti tikwaniritse zotsatira zabwino. Koma nthawi zonse ayenera yowotcha zina.

ozizira anagubuduza

Kwa nthawi yaitali tinkakhulupirira kuti pakachitsulo kumawonjezera brittleness wa zitsulo. Yopanga zinachitika makamaka ndi otentha kugudubuzika. Profitability ozizira anagubuduza anali otsika.

Pokhapo wapezeka kuti ntchito ozizira pamodzi malangizo ndi kumawonjezera maginito katundu cha chuma, dzinali lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito. m'madera ena asonyeza yekha ndi dzanja koipa. Cold anagubuduza zotsatira opindulitsa pa katundu mawotchi, komanso kuwongolera pamwamba pepala, ndi waviness ndi kuchuluka mitundu yake chinathandiza.

katundu chosiyana amene analandira magetsi zitsulo ntchito ntchito ozizira singalifotokoze mapangidwe m'menemo ya kapangidwe crystallographic. Iwo kusiyana ndi madigiri angapo. Nawonso umadalira kutentha pa zomwe anagubuduza chitadutsa, komanso pa makulidwe chofunika a pepala ndi pa mlingo umene crimped.

Mtengo wa otentha adagulung'undisa pepala makulidwe anakhala nthawi 2 poyerekeza kuti ozizira. Koma khalidwe oipa kotheratu kuchepetsa otsika kutentha zomvetsa (n'komwe za ziwiri nthawi), mkulu khalidwe ndi wabwino mitundu luso ozizira adagulung'undisa aloyi. Kusiyana steels awa - okhutira pakachitsulo. kuchuluka kwake ranges kuchokera 3.3% kuti 4.5%, motero.

GOST

Opanga kubala wiri zokha basi zitsulo kuti afanane GOST. Yoyamba - 802-58 "Magetsi adagulung'undisa". Chachiwiri - magetsi zitsulo GOST 9925-61 "tepi ozizira mpukutu magetsi zitsulo".

chikhazikitso

Amalembedwa ndi kalata "E", kenako nambala ali, chiwerengero cha amene pyakufunika:

• The manambala woyamba mtengo kumabweretsa mlingo wa olemba zitsulo alloying ndi pakachitsulo. Kuyambira mopepuka doped ndi aloyi mkulu, motero mu Ziwerengero 1 4. dynamo - zitsulo za magulu A1 ndi A2. Thiransifoma - E3 ndi E4.
• The chachiwiri chodetsa manambala ali osiyanasiyana kuchokera 1 mpaka 8. Izo zimasonyeza katundu mu atomu zakuthupi pamene kuwagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina opaleshoni. Pakuti ichi chodetsa angapezeke ziti mungagwiritse ntchito limodzi kapena zitsulo zina.

Intaneti ziro pambuyo manambala chachiwiri limasonyeza kuti zitsulo ndi textured. Ngati pali ziro awiri, ndiye izo ndi textured pang'ono.

Kumapeto kwa kulemba angapezeke kalata izi:

• "A" - ndi zomvetsa yeniyeni zakuthupi otsika kwambiri.
• "P" - adagulung'undisa chuma ndi mphamvu yapamwamba ndi mkulu pamwamba pa mapeto.

Kuchuluka kwa ntchito

Akufufuta aloyi Phunziro pankhaniyi mu mitundu itatu:

• oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito m'minda mkulu ndi sing'anga maginito (maginito zitasintha chiyero 50 Hz);
• oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito m'minda sekondale ku mafurikwense mpaka 400 Hz;
• zitsulo, amene ntchito m'minda sing'anga ndi yaing'ono maginito.

mapepala magetsi zitsulo opangidwa zotsatirazi miyeso: m'lifupi 240 kwa 1000 mm, kutalika kungakhale kuchokera 720 mamilimita kwa 2000 mm, ndi makulidwe - wa 0,1 1 mm. Ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito textured zitsulo, kuyambira ali mtengo wapatali wa katundu mu atomu. Mapepala a zinthu nthawi zambiri ntchito okonza magetsi.

Magetsi zitsulo - Katundu

aloyi katundu

• Resistivity. Kuyambira index chimenechi zimatengera mtundu wa nkhaniyo. Zitsulo ntchito kumene kuli kofunika kusunga magetsi mkati wochititsa ndi kupulumutsa kuti ikupita.
• The chogonedwa monyengeleredwa mphamvu. Udindo luso la munda mkati maginito kwa demagnetization. Zipangizo zina, mbali chofunika amakhala osiyana. Mu tiransifoma ndi Motors zakale ndi luso mkulu demagnetization. Mu chithunzi wakhala otsika. Koma mu electromagnets muyenera M'malo mwake, mkulu chogonedwa monyengeleredwa mphamvu. Kusintha katundu maginito, kuwonjezera ankafunila kuchuluka pakachitsulo mu aloyi zitsulo.

• M'lifupi ndi hysteresis kuzungulira. chiwerengerochi ayenera kukhala otsika ngati nkotheka.
• Maginito permeability. The apamwamba chithunzi bwino chuma "kulimbana" pa ntchito yawo.
• The makulidwe a chinsalu cha. Kupanga zipangizo zambiri ndipo mbali zipangizo ntchito, kakakulu zomwe si upambana millimeter wina. Komabe, ngati n'koyenera, chizindikiro kusanduka mtengo wa 0.1 mm.

ntchito

Zipangizo pepala a kalasi loyamba, mukhoza kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya m'madera maginito kwa yolandirana ndi owongolera.

Magetsi zitsulo a kalasi wachiwiri angagwiritsidwe ntchito starters ya DC magetsi ndi AC panopa, ndi mitima ya rotors lapansi. M'kalasi yachitatu adzakhala oyenera zotsimikizira mitima maginito kwa tiransifoma mphamvu, komanso starters makina lalikulu synchronous.

Popanga ndi scaffold kwa makina magetsi, m'pofunika ntchito zitsulo osewera mmene zili mpweya si oposa 1%. Zamgululi zopangidwa nkhaniyi pansi annealed pang'onopang'ono. Mpweya zitsulo ntchito popanga mbali makina pansi kuwotcherera. mzati waukulu DC makina Mukuvetsa zimenezi zipangizo.

Magawo makina amene kunyamula katundu pazipita (masika, rotors, migodi ya anangula) ntchito kasakaniza wazitsulo ndi katundu mkulu mawotchi. Amenewa akhoza akupanga faifi tambala, chromium, molybdenum ndi tungsten. N'zotheka kupanga ndi mitima maginito wa zitsulo magetsi. Iwo amagwiritsa ntchito otsika-pafupipafupi tiransifoma - 50Hz.

ndodo maginito

Maginito kugawa zida ndi pakati. Aliyense mtundu uli ndi peculiarities yake.

Ndodo: chonchi ofukula ndodo maginito ndipo ali ndi analowa mtanda gawo alembedwa bwalo. Anakonza zoti wapadera cylindrical mawonekedwe a koyilo maginito.

zida

Zamgululi la mamangidwe ndi amakona anayi mawonekedwe, ndi ndodo zawo ndi gawo mtanda, iwo anakonza horizontally. Mtundu wa dera maginito ndi okhawo mu zipangizo zovuta ziwembu. Choncho, nyumba izi musakhale ambiri.

Kotero, ife tinapeza kuti zitsulo magetsi ali ndi kumene ntchito.