Electrolysis njira: kufotokoza, ntchito

Kodi ndondomeko ya electrolysis, yodziwika katundu redox mudziko la zinthu constituent salt ndi mankhwala ena alipo Sungunulani kapena njira, ndi kudutsa ndi magetsi mu izi.

Kudzera electrolysis ingakhale yopangidwa zitsulo ndi nonmetals, yodziwika ndi digiri yapamwamba ya chiyero mankhwala. Zimenezi amakhala ndi kuphweka ndi kugula, ndi n'zotheka chitsanzo kunyumba. Izi zimafuna gwero la zonse magetsi, awiri maelekitirodi ndi electrolyte ndi anazikonzeratu. The ofunika kwambiri mbali ya electrolytes ndi luso lawo kuchita magetsi panopa.

Kusiyanitsa electrolysis njira ndi chimasungunula salt, pa kufanana okwana ali chiwerengero kusiyana kwambiri. Zikugwira electrolysis njira, muyenera kuganizira nawo ndondomeko ndi ayoni zosungunulira. Electrolysis wa chimasungunula amakhala ndi pamaso pa yekha thunthu la ayoni a.

Kupeza mankhwala anakhumba (ngati chitsulo, gasi, kapena aliyense sanali zitsulo) kuti kusamalira kusankha kwa elekitirodi abwino ndi kukonzekera za electrolyte ziwalo.

The mfundo elekitirodi ndi atha kutumikira ngati mwina wochititsa magetsi. Nthawi zambiri ntchito zitsulo, kasakaniza wazitsulo, mwa nonmetal ntchito zabwino, ngati elekitirodi tingasonyeze graphite ndodo (mpweya). chosowa kwambiri, koma kudziwika njira zamakono, imene mfundo maelekitirodi ndi madzi.

Chirichonse chiri chokonzeka kugwira electrolysis njira mchere. The elekitirodi zabwino amatchedwa anode. Pakuti lakuti zoipa elekitirodi anatengedwa - ndi cathode. Kudzera electrolysis njira, ndi anode oxidized (kusungunuka), ndi cathode wabwezeretsedwa. Nkofunika kuti "kuvunda" wa anode analibe mphamvu pa ndondomeko mankhwala amenewa amapezeka mu njira (kusungunula). Apo ayi - chikhalidwe zofunikira anode ndi inertness ake. Choncho, akhoza kukhala ndi pulatinamu, koma graphite (mpweya) anodes Zimathandizanso kwambiri.

Pakuti cathode adzayenerera pafupifupi mbale aliyense zitsulo (iwo sadzakhala kupasuka). Mkuwa, mkuwa, mpweya (graphite), nthaka, chitsulo, cathodes zotayidwa ankagwiritsa ntchito makampani ano.

Kudzera njira electrolysis panyumba, ku zinthu pafupifupi zipangizo zidutswa akhoza zopezera monga mpweya, chlorine, wa hydrogen, mkuwa, kapena asidi soda ofooka, sulfure. Musaononge ndi zatsopano ndi chlorine - ndi chakupha!

Pakuti kupanga mpweya ndi wa hydrogen ayenera pansi electrolysis njira ya soda (zina - koloko phulusa). Near elekitirodi "+" (anode) n'kopanda mu mawonekedwe a mpweya thovu pa cathode ndi ( "-") - wa hydrogen. Pa funso la chifukwa kuchira wa hydrogen zinachitika m'malo ndi sodium angati kapadera ayankhe angapezeke: mu mndandanda Na zitsulo nkhawa yatsala H2, motero, mu mpikisano wa cations awiri a hydrogen anagonjetsedwa ndi sodium. Mu chitsanzo cha linachepa, ife ndaona electrolysis njira zoona, anatembenuka mu electrolysis wa zosungunulira (madzi).

Ntchito ngati electrolyte njira ya sulphate mkuwa, timapeza pa cathode mdima wofiira zolengeza, umene ndi zitsulo wangwiro, achire mkuwa.

Malinga ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku wawo awiri pa electrolysis mukhoza kupanga ena generalizations. Zabwino anode amasanduka malo kwa ayambe anions, mu milandu onse pamwamba ankaona, kunapezeka kuti oxygen. Pa cathode ndi, akuchira ndi cations a haidrojini anasonyezeratu zatsopano athu - m'nkhani yoyamba, mkuwa - wachiwiri. Nthawi zambiri, anthu cations ndi zitsulo kapena wa hydrogen, koma nthawi zina mwina zinapezeka kuti sanali zitsulo ndiponso gasi. The makutidwe ndi okosijeni boma la mchitidwe wa amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu ndondomeko kuchira.