Mankhwala ndi thupi katundu, ndi ofunsira mpweya

Anayi elementa- "chalcogen" (i.e., "unabadwa mkuwa") mutu waukulu subgroup magulu VI (latsopano gulu - 16-TH gulu) a dongosolo lino nthawi. Kuwonjezera sulfure, selenium, tellurium, komanso anafotokoza kuti oxygen. Tiyeni tisanthule mwatsatanetsatane katundu wa amafotokozera ambiri padziko lapansi komanso ntchito ndi kulandira oxygen.

Kuchuluka kwa mchitidwe wa

Mpweya okhutira mu kutumphuka ndi zayamba 50%. Ilo liri mu mchere zosiyanasiyana mu mawonekedwe a oxides ndi mchere.

Mu uthunthu ofanana mpweya m'gulu mipweya ya madzi - kuchuluka kwake ndi za 89%, ndi maselo a zamoyo zonse zolengedwa - zomera ndi nyama.

Mu mlengalenga, oxygen mu mkhalidwe ufulu mu mawonekedwe a O2, kutenga mbali yachisanu ya kapangidwe kake, ndi mu mawonekedwe a Mpweya umene - O3.

thupi katundu

Mpweya O2 ndi mpweya zomwe ziribe mtundu, kukoma ndi kununkhiza. Mu madzi, pang'ono sungunuka. Otentha mfundo - madigiri 183 pansi pa ziro Celsius. The mpweya madzi buluu mtundu ndipo ndipamene timibulu buluu mawonekedwe olimba. Limatsogolera mfundo za timibulu mpweya ndi madigiri 218,7 pansi pa ziro Celsius.

katundu mankhwala

Pamene usavutike, chinthu ichi amachitira ndi zinthu zambiri zophweka monga zitsulo ndi nonmetals, kupanga otchedwa okusayidi - kulumikiza zinthu ndi oxygen. The mankhwala anachita imene zinthu kubwera ndi mpweya, wotchedwa makutidwe ndi okosijeni.

Mwachitsanzo,

4Na + O2 = 2Na2O

S + O2 = SO2

Ena mwa mankhwala zovuta komanso anatani ndi mpweya, motero komanso kupanga oxides:

CH4 + 2O2 = CO2 + 2H2O

2 Akorinto + O2 = 2CO2

Ngati chinthu amachitira pang'onopang'ono ndi mpweya, umatchedwa pang'onopang'ono makutidwe ndi okosijeni. Mwachitsanzo, mnjira kuwonongeka kwa chakudya, lawola.

Kupeza mpweya

Izi amafotokozera mankhwala akhoza zopezera zasayansi ndi pa ogwira ntchito mafakitale.

Kukonzekera kwa mpweya zasayansi ikuchitika mu njira zingapo:

1. Malinga ndi mmene ya kuwonongeka kwa chlorate potaziyamu (potaziyamu chlorate).

2. Kudzera kuwonongeka kwa hydrogen peroxide ndi Kutentha mu kukhalapo kwa okusayidi manganese, kumachita monga chothandizira a.

3. Kudzera kuwonongeka kwa permanganate potaziyamu.

Kukonzekera kwa mpweya makampani wochitidwa ndi njira:

1. Chifukwa cha mpweya luso ndi kuwapeza mpweya zomwe zili mwake pafupifupi 20%, i.e., chachisanu. Chifukwa chaichi mpweya koyamba combusted, kutsatira osakaniza ndi okhutira madzi pafupifupi 54% mpweya, madzi asafe - 44%, ndipo madzi argon - 2%. Ndiye, mipweya izi anasiyanitsidwa kudzera ndondomeko distillation ntchito cm ochepa pakati pa mfundo kuwira kwa mpweya madzi ndi asafe - opanda 183 ndi opanda madigiri 198,5, motero. Iwo likukhalira kuti asafe ukuphwera kale kuposa mpweya.

zida zamakono amatipatsa mpweya wa chiyero chilichonse. Asafe, amene analandira ndi kugawa mpweya madzi ntchito monga chuma yaiwisi mu kaphatikizidwe ofanana nawo.

2. Electrolysis wa madzi limaperekanso mpweya mmene ngoyera ndithu. Njira anakhala ambiri m'mayiko ndi chuma chochuluka ndi magetsi wotchipa.

Ntchito mpweya

Mpweya ndi mbali yaikulu ya phindu mu moyo kwa dziko lathu. mpweya umenewu, umene uli mu mlengalenga chimadyedwa mu ndondomeko zomera kupuma, nyama ndi anthu.

Kupeza mpweya ndi wofunika kwambiri m'madera amenewo a zochita za anthu monga mankhwala, kuwotcherera ndi kudula zitsulo, kabotolo, ndege (kwa kupuma anthu ndi injini), ndi zitsulo.

Mu ndondomeko ya ntchito anthu mpweya wa chimadyedwa lalikulu zedi - mwachitsanzo, ndi moto wa utsi: gasi, methane, malasha, nkhuni. Mu njira onsewa opangidwa okusayidi mpweya. Pamene chikhalidwe ichi wapereka masoka njira ya kumanga la pawiri kudzera photosynthesis, zomwe zimachitika zomera zobiriwira pansi zochita za dzuwa. Chifukwa cha ndondomekoyi, shuga aumbike, kenako amadya mbewu kumanga zimakhala zawo.