Dzheyn Gudoll, primatologist: yonena

Dzheyn Gudoll - primatologist, etnology, KATSWIRI ndi kazembe wa mtendere kwa England. Iwo ankagwira chifukwa cha phunziro 45 wazaka anyani cikhalidwe, zithunzi ndi mavidiyo zomwe kwambiri. Ambiri a moyo wake anakhala mu nkhalango ndi Tanzania. Research kuyambira mu kutali 1960, pamene anali ndi zaka 26 zokha. Iye analandira angapo chimalemekeza ndi mphoto. Pa moyo wake, analemba mabuku oposa khumi ndi awiri, kuphatikizapo ana.

ubwana

Jane Goodall yonena limene limayamba mu London anabadwa pa April 3, 1934. Atate - wamalonda, amake - wolemba. Jane anali mwana woyamba m'banja, ndipo kenako panali mwana wamng'ono. Monga mwana, mtsikana bambo ake chidole - chimpanzi chithunzi chimene chili Albums wotchuka Goodall. Izi woopsa kwambiri poyamba kuona chidole chinachititsa Jane chikondi cha chilengedwe. Mwa njira, anyani akadali limodzi ndi primatologist wotchuka.

Pamene Jane anali ndi zaka 12, makolo ake linatha. Pamodzi ndi mayi ake ndi mlongo wamng'ono, iwo ankakhala Chililabombwe, pa nyumba agogo ake. The atate pa nthawi inali kutsogolo. Kuyambira ali mwana pamene iye ankakonda kusunga khalidwe la nyama zosiyanasiyana. Ngakhale zili choncho, iye akulakalaka kukhala mu Africa ndi kuphunzira nyama. Izi anali ntchito ndi mabuku osiyanasiyana, monga "Tarzan." Pa nthawi imeneyo, atsikana, maloto amenewa anali yotheka.

masitepe loyamba

Nditamaliza sukulu yapamwamba nawo maphunziro alembi. Pa maphunziro apamwamba iye anachita kuyiwala, chifukwa banja analibe ndalama zoti maphunziro ake. Ntchito imene anali wokongola yapamwamba filimu kampani Dzheyn Gudoll pambuyo kuitana ndi mnzakeyo kuti Kenya, kumene iye akanakhoza kupeza mwayi wokaphunzira Africa. Komabe, ndalama sanali ngakhale pa ulendo, ndithu iye ankagwira ntchito yoperekera zakudya mu odyera mu Chililabombwe. Pitani ku Kenya, anakhoza mu 1956, pamene iye anayamba kuthandiza ndi mlembi Museum la National. Posakhalitsa, limodzi ndi wotsogolera m'nyumbayi ndi mkazi wake anapita zofukulidwa mu Africa East. Pa nthawi yomweyo mutu adafotokoza Dzheyn Gudoll anayamba kuphunzira khalidwe la anyani, amene angandithandize kudzatunga mfundo za moyo wa munthu mbiri isanayambe.

ntchito Early

Pakuti kuphunzira zinyama ndi primatology Dzheyn Gudoll anabwerera ku England. Atamaliza maphunziro potsiriza mwayi kuzindikira loto lake mu chowonadi. Mu 1960, ndi KATSWIRI achinyamata anafika ku Gombe - Dzheyn Gudoll. ( "Chimpanzi m'chilengedwe: Khalidwe" - bukuli, mfundo yaikulu imene anali kufotokoza maonekedwe a nyama zimenezi, linalembedwa ndi Jane patapita zaka zambiri kuzipenya wa anyani, lofalitsidwa mu 1986 ndi ikumasuliridwa Russian.) Mu ulendo wautali naye anangopita kwa amayi ake, chifukwa makonsolo sanalole atsikana kukhala unaccompanied. Komabe, sizinali kwambiri mwambo: akuluakulu akhagopa kusiya msungwana chabe woyera yekha ndi "mbuli".

Mama Jane nthawi zonse wakhala akundithandiza mwana kufuna kuphunzira nyama. Poyamba, thandizo ake anali kwambiri. Iwo anamuthandiza kuthetsa mumsasa ndi kulankhula ndi anthu am'deralo lapansi. Mu miyezi woyamba, ndipo mayi ndi mwana wamkazi anadwala malungo, omwe pafupifupi anakhala koopsya kwa iwo.

Animal Zochitika

Dzheyn Gudoll, amene mabuku kufotokoza bwino khalidwe la anyani, sizinayende anatha kukopa nyama. Kuti ntchito, Kenako ndi m'mawa ndi mlendo m'dziko la nkhalango mpaka mdima. Choyamba, anali limodzi ndi trackers, ndiyeno iwo anafufuza paokha pafupi. Poyamba anyani akhagopa kufikako, koma posakhalitsa anayamba kuzolowera kwake. Jane wamanga mwini pang'ono chidwi msasa, komwe kunali kofunika kwambiri. Panali milungu Goodall sanathe younikira pansi chimpanzi wosakwatiwa ndipo anagwa mu kusimidwa - COMPASS kafukufuku apeza yekha kwa theka la chaka. Ngakhale, iye anali ndiye amatha kupanga angapo atulukira amene anakakamizika kasamalidwe kupitiriza ndalama.

Kutsegula loyamba

Dzheyn Gudoll anali woyamba amene anali kuona kuti anyani ntchito zida achikale. Pofuna kupeza nyerere, iwo ntchito timitengo yaing'ono. Nthambi amathandiza mungaone anyaniwa kutulutsa uchi wa njuchi zakutchire, ndipo iwo anagawa mtedza ntchito mwala. Komanso, iye anakwanitsa tikupeza kuti anyani paokha anapanga zida. Lisanaperekedwe, maganizo ankalingalira kuti anthu ena amagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zosiyanasiyana, koma anthu yekha angathe kusandutsa iwo.

Kuti Jane anapeza kuti anyani sindilawa nyama kutali. Poyamba ankaganiza kuti iwo - ndi zamasamba koyera kawirikawiri kusintha zakudya zawo. Goodall panokha anaonerera anyani pamodzi ankasakidwa nkhumba ndi anyani ang'onoang'ono.

Jane anali woyamba amene anayamba kupereka maina mungaone anyaniwa. Pa nthawi imeneyo, ndipo ngakhale tsopano, akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mayeso nkhani m'pofunika perekani nambala siriyo, kuti kupereka ochekenera munthu. Jane komanso zinthu mosiyana, kupereka chimpanzi dzina lina Mwachitsanzo, imvi bearded Davide.

Mdima mbali ya moyo wa chimpanzi

Aliyense nyengo anabweretsa atulukira latsopano kafukufuku. Komabe, mpaka 70 Jane anakumana ndi mbali lowopsya la khalidwe chimpanzi. Iye anakhulupirira kuti nyama zimenezi anthu abwino, koma woyamba amene ankatha kuona ndi kufotokoza za nkhondo pakati anyani. The malo, kuwonjezera pa banja, amene anali anaziika, panali magulu angapo a nyama. Mu ulamuliro wa mmodzi wa mtsogoleri wa Fuko iye anachoka ndipo anapita mbali ina ya paki amuna. Mtsogoleri waganiza kuyamba nkhondo. Machenjerero a nkhondo lophweka: mdani linapeza mmodzi pa nthawi, kumenyedwa ndi alumidwa, ndipo anasiya kufa. Posachedwapa paketi zosankhidwa ndi mabungwe onse amuna.

Ena akazi komanso si chitsanzo kutsatira. Tsiku lina, Jane anati chizolowezi lowopsya la akazi awiri amene anasankhidwa pups akhanda ku anyani ena ndi kuzidya.

Komabe, pali anthu amene tiyenera kuwalemekeza. Mwachitsanzo, awiri anyani achinyamata amene anakulira popanda makolo, kutengeramo amasiye. Chaka chilichonse, Jane anazindikira kuti si kwambiri ya anyani amasiyana anthu. Iye anakwanitsa kufika gulu la nyama, kumene wakhala "bwenzi" la mmodzi wa akazi a udindo wapamwamba.

Mu zaka wotsatira, Goodall wapanga zambiri chidwi ndi zothandiza za anyani moyo. maganizo ake onse, iye zafotokozedwa mabuku, zomwe zambiri, mwatsoka, amakhala ikumasuliridwa Russian. Dzheyn Gudoll ndi limodzi la asayansi otchuka kwambiri ndi primatologists otsiriza atumwi, mayankho a mafunso ambiri okhudza moyo chimpanzi.