Kodominirovanie - izi ndi mtundu osaka zimachitika pakati alleles

Kumvetsa zimene kodominirovanie chibadwa, ife tisanthule mitundu mwina zimachitika pakati alleles. Malinga ndi ganizo loperekedwa gametes chiyero akufuna Gregor Mendel, mapangidwe gametes mmenemo angamachite mmodzi wa alleles awiri aliyense chamoyo kholo udindo khalidwe la. Choncho, zachilendo diploid gamete analenga anapereka kwa alleles. Komanso, ulamuliro okwana angasonyeze mu zimachitika pamene lalikulu kubisa recessive, chosakwanira ulamuliro ndi kodominirovanie.

chosakwanira ulamuliro

Pankhaniyi allele lalikulu si kwathunthu limaleka recessive, chifukwa watsopano wapakatikati Mbali. Chitsanzo lotchuka chosakwanira ulamuliro maluwa mtundu wa ena maluwa monga chilengedwe. Tiyerekeze pali wofiira maluwa homozygous genotype (AA) (mzere bwino) ndi maluwa woyera (AA), yemweyo koyera mzere. Pamene iwo anawoloka kuoneka maluwa ndi pinki mitundu - Mwachitsanzo kodominirovaniya. genotype awo AA ali mawonekedwe, komanso lalikulu ndi recessive allele kuonekera. Ndi kuwoloka anatembenuka pakati - mtundu pinki.

Kodominirovanie

mtundu wina wa mawu losokonekera - kodominirovanie. zodabwitsazi akufanana ndi ulamuliro chosakwanira, koma ali kusiyana zazikulu. mogwirizana jini imene zizindikiro zosiyana zimachitika nthawi imodzi, koma sizimayenderana ndipo sabala mbali wapakatikati - Kodominirovanie.

Podutsa duwa woyera ndi petunias ofiira kufiira, pinki, oyera kapena zina kuti adzipeza mtundu. Flower ndi mikwingwirima ofiira ndi oyera chifukwa cha ndondomeko monga kodominirovanie. Ndi chitsanzo ambiri ndi anzake zimenezi.

Kodominirovanie khalidwe la zomera zina.

Mogwirizana majini nonallelic

Akuti yekha majini allelic ntchito malingaliro monga ya ulamuliro wathunthu, chosakwanira ulamuliro ndi kodominirovanie. Zitsanzo ndi mayesero ambiri anatsimikizira kuti vuto la majini sanali allelic anatchula mitundu ina ankachita - mgwirizano, epistasis, mapolojekiti polima. Chitsanzo ndi polima, osati ulamuliro chosakwanira, ndi cholowa cha khungu la munthu.

Kodominirovanie anthu

Chitsanzo china ophweka koma chidwi kodominirovaniya - cholowa cha magulu magazi. Monga mukudziwa, pali magulu magazi anayi. Gulu loyamba G (I) kukuonetsedwa pamaso pa awiri genotype homozygous majini recessive O. A gulu lachiwiri (II) kumachitika ndi genotype AB kapena AA. The fenotayipi Choncho kokha kumawonetsera A jini lalikulu, lomwe kwathunthu limaleka losokonekera recessive. Nkhani yofanana adzakhala magazi gulu lachitatu B (III), amene anapanga ndi genotype BB kapena VO. Lalikulu jini mu jini recessive limaleka O ndi kuonekera chifukwa cha ulamuliro wathunthu. Koma zimene zidzachitike pamene anawoloka ndi homozygous genotypes AA ndi BB? Ndipo jini A ndi B jini ndi lalikulu, kotero palibe mmodzi wa iwo sangakhoze kwathunthu kupondereza ena, ndipo zimapezeka. Pankhaniyi, ndi 100% Mwina mwazi chachinayi gulu - AB akugwirizira kodominirovanie. Izi zimachitika akuwoloka heterozygous AO ndi Bo, kumene chifukwa aliyense n'zotheka:

P: AOhVO;

F1: AO (II), AB (IV), VO (III), PA (I).

N'chifukwa chake magazi gulu mwanayo sangakhale chimodzimodzi magazi gulu la makolo. Mwachitsanzo ikusonyeza kuti kodominirovanie chaonetsedwa osati mtundu wa zomera.

Kodominorovanie ndipo masinthidwe

Izo analamula kuti mawu a onse makhalidwe - iyi si nthawi zonse kodominirovanie. Izi zikutsimikizira ndi osowa majini Mbali anthu ndi nyama zina - heterochromia (mtundu mismatch Iris). Heterochromia uli wathunthu Mwachitsanzo, pamene wina bulauni diso, ndi buluu, kapena tsankho, mwachitsanzo pamene chipolopolo wobiriwira ali gawo la imvi. Heterochromia, ngakhale kufanizira akuoneka kujambula mtundu, chitsanzo osati kodominirovaniya ndi masinthidwe kutengera mapangidwe. Kulakwila mtundu - komanso kodominirovanie chimene tinabadwa limanena. Kodominirovanie Pankhaniyi kusokonezedwa ndi matenda.

lamulo loyamba Mendel Kodominirovanie a

Kodominirovaniya chodabwitsa ndi chosakwanira ulamuliro, pa koyamba, amasonyeza kuti choyamba lamulo la Mendel pa pachilichonse za hybrids si anachita. Gregor Mendel mu mayesero ake anachita ndi nandolo, zomwe si amakonda kodominirovanie kapena tsankho ulamuliro, ndipo wokha womwe ulamuliro. Pa nthawi imene chizindikiro wosanganiza, kapena munthawi yomweyo kuwonetsera zosatheka, mawu chinali mwamtheradi zolondola. Pambuyo pafupifupi zaka, pamene iwo zinafufuzidwanso ndi kodominirovanie ndi chosakwanira ulamuliro, lamulo loyamba anali kukonzedwa kunena kuti m'badwo wachiwiri wa hybrids, amaoneka pa maziko a homozygotes zofanana ndi ankawoloka woyamba hybrids m'badwo ndi zizindikiro zosiyana. Zikuoneka lalikulu pa nkhani ya ulamuliro wathunthu kapena chizindikiro wosanganiza - vuto la ulamuliro chosakwanira.

Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha cholowa cha magulu magazi kuonetsa womuyenerera olondola a lamulo loyamba Mendel:

P: AA BB ×;

F1: AB, AB, AB, AB.

The chifukwa cha kudutsa mizere awiri adzakhala heterozygous koyera chitsanzo, imene fenotayipi wosanganiza akuwonetseredwa chizindikiro, monga amapezeka kodominirovanie. Izi limafanana Kusintha ndi.