Kodi Mzimuyo kuthamanga mu madzi ndi mpweya?

Monga tanenera kale, kuthamanga kwenikweni paliponse. Lilili kaya nkhani kapena thupi. Wokwanira kuti chinthu chilichonse kapena wamoyo padziko lapansi, kukanikiza mavuto 100 kN / m2. Izi mavuto ndime mpweya. Anthu kamodzinso ndazindikira fano zithunzi kuthamanga monga mphamvu anatilangizira danga akachita. Izi ndi zoona kwa ziwiya lakutali. M'zotengera lotseguka, chithunzithunzi - zotsatirapo za kuthamanga mutu. savutitsa mu mpweya madzimadzi ndi - chifukwa cha "makhalidwe" wa mamolekyulu nkhani yokha. mwamtheradi woona kwa madzi, mpweya ndi mfundo olimba kuti kukakamiza monga kuchuluka thupi - okwana mphamvu ya tokhala pa tinthu pamwamba.

Kumene sayansi maziko amadziwika kuti chilinganizo kuthamanga madzimadzi ndi mpweya ali mawonekedwe:

F = ρ × ga × H, [Pa]

Taonani zigawo chotero. Ngati inu kutenga buku lililonse la madzimadzi / mpweya kudziwa kuthamanga pa malo ake akhale motere. Anzanu - ndi mphamvu ntchito kwa m'dera - F / S. Iwo anamvetsetsa ndi wophunzira wina. Tsopano kulemba kuti gulu kuchokera wachiwiri lamulo la Newton - nthawi Thupi misa mathamangitsidwe (Pankhaniyi - pamene madzimadzi ntchito mu mkhalidwe bata - mathamangitsidwe yokoka). Nawonso kulemera - ndi osalimba mankhwala pa buku wotanganidwa ndi thupi. buku A akhoza decomposed monga mankhwala a m'dera la kumwamba. Mu mawonekedwe chilinganizo ife kupeza:

P = F / S = (m × g) / S = (V × ρ × g) / S = (S × H × ρ × g) / S = ρ × ga × H

kumene P - kuthamanga, F - mphamvu, S - pdoschad, mamita - misa, ga - ufulu kugwa mathamangitsidwe, V - buku, ρ - osalimba, H - kutalika

Pa = N / m2 = (makilogalamu × m / S2) / m2 = (M3 × makilogalamu / M3 × m / S2) / m2 = (m2 × mamita × makilogalamu / M3 × m / S2) / m2 = mamita × makilogalamu / M3 × m / S2 = makilogalamu / (m × C2)

mayunitsi zikutiphunzitsa kuti anapanga Pascal. Blez Paskal anali wophunzira wotchuka, kuphatikizapo m'munda wa sayansi. Iye ndi woyambitsa wa lamulo yakuti, zomwe zikuyankha funso lakuti: "Kodi kupeza mavuto mpweya kapena madzi pamene kuli pa mpumulo" Pamaziko a zinamuchitikira anali analandira imodzi malamulo lofunika a sayansi ndi hydraulics - thupi kuthamanga (madzi kapena mpweya) nthawi imene anasankha mofanana padziko lonse, amene interacts ndi thupi.

More sayansi yamakono - dongosolo hayidiroliki ndi zida ndi chilamulo, ndi olemba ake - "Lamulo la kuthamanga zonse." Iye akuti vuto la madzimadzi ndi zonse pa Msikiti madzi, malinga ndi chete. Awa ndi maziko ndipo anaika maziko kuwerengetsera kachitidwe zovuta panopa kulenga zachilendo luso zothetsera. Masiku ano, dongosolo lililonse kapena limagwirira ntchito ndi madzi kapena mpweya, ndithu masamu pa choposa cha mfundo malire (omwe odziwika ku zatsopano kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana) zomwe ndi kufinya mu madzi ndi mpweya.

Ngati tikulingalira kuthamanga ndi kukhazikika pansi kwa madzi, m'pofunika kulankhula za kuthamanga gidrostaticheskome. Ngati ife kulankhula za mphamvu, ndi zogwirizana kwambiri kulankhula za uyenderere lapansi. Madzi nyundo - chodabwitsa chimene chimachitika mu akasinja ndi mapaipi, chifukwa kuwonjezeka mwadzidzidzi kuthamanga pa malo aliwonse. Onse gidromehanizmy ndi zinthu zawo mopitirira kuchepetsa kuthamanga malo amodzi ndipo amatulutsa yochepa - hammering. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa wamba kulephera kwa n'kudzandigunda chabe madzi nyundo. The kulumpha lalikulu mu mzere thunthu angafikire Crane, ndipo chikakusowani (mokwanira kapena pang'ono).

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ngakhale madzimadzi ndi incompressible, ndi (pafupifupi) pa dzanja limodzi, ili bwino kulanda patsogolo. Pa zina - ngati njira adzakhala yaitali ndipo padzakhala kusokonezedwa (mwachitsanzo, banja fyuluta), madzi nyundo kungathandizire kuzima. Kusintha kuthamanga mu madzi ndi mpweya akhoza ndi zinthu zina. Chinthu choyamba chimene chimabwera kuchokera njira - kusintha kutalika kwa malo chidebe. Mfundo imeneyi ntchito mwakhama Kale, chitukuko osiyana, komanso zimasonyeza bwinobwino m'midzi. Komabe unatsala pa madzi Soviet Union nsanja ntchito pa mfundo imeneyi. Lalikulu mphamvu mavuto mpope chilimbikitso umaperekedwa ndi madzi enaake. Iwo ukulamuliridwa basi - zimatengedwa ku chimbudzi chitsime wanu (pamene mlingo wa zimatengedwa limatuluka ndi chokhethemulira anatseka kuchokera m'madzi). Kenako, kudzikonda kudyetsa utuluke madzi, kuyambira mlingo wake pa Chile, ndi kutsegula ndi yaing'ono.

Komanso anzawo zikhoza kusintha ndi kusintha kutentha. Iwo zimakhudza mathamangidwe wa mamolekyulu, ndipo motero chiwerengero cha mkwapulo. Zingatanthauze kuti ikuluikulu ndi, ndi apamwamba adzakhala kuthamanga mu madzi ndi mpweya. Koma kodi? Kwenikweni, palibe. Apa izo ziri mu katundu. Madzi Mwachitsanzo, thicken ndi kuonjezera mphamvu ya mawu, ndi mpweya - yafupika. Chitsanzo yosavuta - amene ali ndi munda amadziwa kuti dzinja ayenera kukhetsa madzi a dongosolo mains, ndi mapaipi ndi mavavu sing'ambika. Chitsanzo china pa mlengalenga - zingakweze ndi zibaluni ndi kuziyika izo m'firiji 10 ... Mphindi 15. Pamene inu kukokera izo, adzakhala ndichepe mu Volume. Ngati madzi otentha kwa ketulo, iye mwamsanga pathupi.

Anzanu - chodabwitsa kuti tili osati moyo, komanso zochita. Taganizani za pamadzi akuya kapena kuwomba yoweyula ndi bingu amphamvu. Nthawi zonse samalani ndi kukumbukira kuti zoterezi - ndi kayendedwe ka mamolekyulu, ndi mamolekyulu - ndi tating'ono ting'ono moyo!