Zikuchokera amafotokozera mu zithunzi: Zitsanzo

Tiyankhula lero pa nkhaniyo. "Zinthu chikhalidwe zikuchokera" Koma poyamba, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti "zikuchokera". Kwa nthawi yoyamba timakumana ndi mawu kusukulu. Koma zonse utuluke, zonse kusintha, pang'onopang'ono kudziŵa wamphamvu zidzachotsedwa. Choncho, timawerenga Ted akale ndi kusowa kusiyana ladzala.

The zikuchokera mu mabuku

zikuchokera ndi chiyani? Choyamba, kupempha thandizo kuchokera ofotokozera dictionary ndi kuphunzira kuti kumasulira kwenikweni kwa Latin, ndi mawu otanthauza "zojambula, kulemba." Nkosafuna kunena kuti popanda "ntchito", ndiko kuti, wopanda "zikuchokera" sitingakayikire mogometsa (zitsanzo kutsatira m'munsimu) ndi mawu aliwonse wonse. Kuchokera pamenepa, zikuoneka kuti zikuchokera mabuku - ndi dongosolo linalake la mbali zithunzi. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu kapena ena maonekedwe ndi njira mafano luso kuti ndi kugwirizana ndi nkhani za m'bukuli.

Zinthu zazikulu za zikuchokera

Pamene ife kutsegula buku, woyamba zimene tikuyembekezera ndipo akuyembekezera kuti - ndi ndimasewera nkhani okongola kuti inadzera kapena tikhalebe suspense, ndipo patapita nthawi yaitali usawataye, kukakamiza mobwerezabwereza maganizo kubwerera kuwerenga. Mwanjira imeneyi, wolemba - ichi ndi wojambula chowona, chimene kwenikweni chimasonyeza osati limatiuza. Amapewa lemba mwachindunji ngati: ". Tsopano ine ndikuuzani" M'malo mwake, kukhalapo kwake ndi wosaoneka, unobtrusive. Koma chimene muyenela kudziwa ndi kukhala okhoza amenewa luso?

zinthu gulu - ichi ndi phale, imene wojambula - katswiri wa mawu, zimasakanikirana utoto wake, kotero kuti pambuyo kunapezeka nkhani yowala ndi zokongola. Zikuphatikizapo: monologue, kukambirana, kufotokoza, ofotokozera, zithunzi dongosolo, kukopera mthunzi mtundu wanyimbo onyenga, chiwembu, chiwembu. Ndiye - za aliyense wa iwo mwatsatanetsatane.

monologues

Malinga mmene anthu ambiri kapena anthu mu ntchito za luso nawo mawu - mmodzi, awiri kapena kuposa, - olekanitsidwa monologue, kukambirana ndi polylogue. Yotsirizira - mtundu wa kukambirana, kotero ife si amakhalamo. Taganizirani yekha woyamba awiri.

Monologue - chinthu zikuchokera, wopangidwa mwa ntchito woyambitsa mawu a chikhalidwe, amene sinafike kuyankha kapena izo. Monga ulamuliro, akupita kwa omvera mwa ntchito kwambiri kapena kwa iyemwini.

Malinga ntchito lemba la kusiyanitsa mitundu ya monologue monga: luso - ikulongosola za ngwazi inkachitika kapena zikuchitika pa nthawi ya zochitika; m'nyimbo - kulanda ndi ngwazi anakumana nazo amphamvu maganizo; monologue-chisankho - ndi mawunikidwe mkati mwa chikhalidwe, umene ndi kusankha kovuta.

Mawonekedwe a mitundu zotsatirazi: mawu wolemba - pamtima owerenga wolemba, nthawi zambiri kudzera khalidwe makamaka; mtsinje wa chikumbu - otaya ufulu wa maganizo a ngwazi pamene iwo ali, palibe mfundo akuoneka, osati kutsatira malamulo a ntchito yomanga kulankhula zolembalemba; dialectic kulingalira - mawu a ngwazi za ubwino ndi kuipa; Kukambiranako yekha - mankhwala maganizo Yesetsani khalidwe lina la munthu; nyumba - mu sewero la mawu ochepa pambali, zomwe zimaonetsa boma lino la ngwazi za; zigawo - ndi zochititsa chidwi m'nyimbo chinyezimiro cha munthuyo.

kulankhula dialogic

Kukambiranako - wina mchitidwe zikuchokera ndi, kukambirana pakati pa zisudzo awiri kapena kuposa. Kawirikawiri mawu dialogic - ndi njira yabwino zimayambitsa kuwombana pakati pa mfundo ziwiri lotsutsa maganizo. Amathandizanso kulenga chithunzi, Kuwulura khalidwe la munthu.

Ine ndikufuna kunena za otchedwa kukambirana nkhani zimenezi zimaphatikizapo kukambirana wopangidwa kwathunthu mafunso komanso mmene chithunzi cha mmodzi wa anthu a - ichi ndi funso ndi yankho ku ndemanga m'mbuyomu pa nthawi yomweyo. Zojambula (zitsanzo kutsatira m'munsimu) Khanmagomedov Aydin Asadullaevich "Mountain Bakuman" - chitsimikiziro bwino.

mafotokozedwe

Munthu ndani? Izi khalidwe wapadera ndi umunthu, ndipo tione mwapadera, malo amene iye anabadwa, analeredwa ndi uko panthawi ya moyo, ndi nyumba yake, ndi zinthu zimene iye wazunguliridwa ndi anthu kutali ndi pafupi, ndi chilengedwe chikhalidwe chake ... mndandanda zambiri. Choncho, kupanga fano ntchito zolembalemba, wolemba akayang'ana khalidwe lake njingayo zotheka ndi kufotokoza, osati kusowa mfundo limodzi, ngakhale zambiri - kulenga latsopano "mithunzi", omwe sangathe n'komwe. Mu mabuku, izi mitundu zafotokozedwa Mbali: chithunzi, zamkati malo.

chithunzi

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri compositional mu mabuku. Limafotokoza osati maonekedwe a ngwazi, komanso dziko mumtima - otchedwa maganizo chithunzi. Ndipo maonekedwe osiyanasiyana a malo mu ntchito yaluso. Popeza mukhoza kuyamba buku M'malo mwake, iwo adafika ku mathero (A. P. Chehov, "Ionich"). Kufotokozera maonekedwe angakhale yomweyo pambuyo khalidwe la mchitidwewo (Lermontov "Hero Nthawi"). Komanso, wolemba tingamuyandikire wotchulidwa mu utagwa Lowani wina, monolithic (Raskolnikov mu "Umbanda ndi nakazinii" Prince Andrei mu "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere"), ndipo nthawi ina ndipo amachotsa mbali ya malemba ( "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere", Natasha Rostova). Kwenikweni, wolemba yekha amatenga burashi, koma nthawi zina amapereka ufulu kwa ena a zisudzo Mwachitsanzo, buku limakhulupirira Maksimych a "Hero Nthawi", kotero kuti akhoza molondola kwambiri anafotokoza monga Pechorin. Chithunzicho akhoza kulembedwa Eti (Hippolyte Kuragin), satirical (Napoleon mu "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere") ndi "perete". Mu "galasi lokulitsira" a wolemba zina afika kokha munthu zina, kapena zonse zopezeka machesi - chithunzi ndi khalidwe, manja, zovala (Oblomov).

mkati Kufotokozera

Mkati - ndi mbali ya buku zikuchokera, amene amalola wolemba kulenga ponena za ngwazi kunyumba. Ndi chimodzimodzi wapatali kuposa chithunzi, chifukwa ponena za mtundu wa malo, zipangizo, m'mlengalenga umene uli m'nyumba - onse mbali ofunika kwambiri makhalidwe kufala kwa khalidwe, kumvetsa kuzama kwa fano analenga. Mkati detects ndi ubwenzi wabwino ndi luso chidutswa, chomwe ndi mbali yomwe chidziwitso cha lonse, ndi umodzi, zomwe zimaoneka mwa mochulukitsa. Mwachitsanzo, buku Dostoevsky a "The chitsiru" mu zakuda nyumba Rogozhina "Anapachikidwa" chithunzi Holbein a "Akufa Khristu" kuti kamodzinso Atchule kulimbana wofunafuna chikhulupiriro choona mtima, ndi kusakhulupirira mu Rogozhina moyo.

Malo - malongosoledwe a chikhalidwe

Monga mmene analembera Fyodor Tyutchev, chikhalidwe - si zimene ife kulingalira, si yankhanza. M'malo mwake, pali zambiri zobisika: moyo ndi ufulu, ndi chikondi, ndi chinenero. N'chimodzimodzinso anati kwa malo ntchito zolembalemba. Olembedwa ndi thandizo zimene munthu maelementi monga malo, izo amaonetsera osati chikhalidwe, dera, mzinda, zomangamanga, koma pakutero, ndi kuwulula boma la chikhalidwe, ndi kusiyana kwa zachilengedwe anthu chikhalidwe makonzedwe zikhulupiriro, amachita monga khalidwe zina.

Kumbukirani pamene oyendayenda thundu kufotokoza Prince Andrew ku nyumba ya Rostovs mu buku "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere". Kodi iye (thundu) anali pachiyambi penipeni - akale, wachisoni, 'ndi freak ananyozedwa "mwa dziko ankamwetulira ndiponso birches masika. Koma pa msonkhano wachiwiri, mwadzidzidzi maluwa, kusinthidwa, ngakhale kutumphuka m'ma-lolimba. Iye akadali anamvera kasupe ndi moyo. Oak mu nkhani imeneyi - si yekha malo, za kutsitsimuka chikhalidwe patapita nthawi yozizira, komanso chophiphiritsa zinachitika mu Prince sanakonde kusintha, siteji watsopano mu moyo wake, amene anatha 'yopuma "pafupifupi n'zofunika iye kufuna kukhala moyo wotayika mpaka imfa yake .

Nkhani

Mosiyana ndi kufotokoza, amene ali malo amodzi mu icho, palibe chimachitika, palibe chimasintha, ndipo ambiri izo limayankha funso "kodi?" Nkhani zikuphatikizapo kanthu amatumiza "zinayendera" ndi nkhani yofunika kwambiri kwa iye ndi "chimene chinachitika ? ". Polankhula mophiphiritsa, nkhani ngati nyimbo zojambulajambula mchitidwe angathe kuperekedwa ngati filimu zimasonyeza - kusintha mwamsanga zithunzi zofotokoza nkhani.

dongosolo chifaniziro

Monga munthu aliyense ali zopezera mizere pa mosavuta, chimene chinapanga chapadera, ndipo aliyense mankhwala ali yake yapadera dongosolo la zithunzi. Izi zikhoza monga fano la wolemba, ngati pali munthu, fano la owerenga, ndi munkhaniyi-antipodes otchulidwa timathandizira m'nkhaniyi ndi zina zotero. ubwenzi wawo zimamangidwa motsatira maganizo ndi zolinga za wolemba lapansi.

mthunzi Copyright

Kapena MPATUKO - otchedwa vnesyuzhetny maelementi njira imene chizindikiro cha wolemba monga chimandiswa mu nkhani, potero kumamusokoneza Inde mwachindunji nthano. Kodi kuchita? Choyamba, kukhazikitsa wapadera kukhudzana maganizo pakati wolemba ndi owerenga. Apa wolemba salinso amapezeka mu udindo wa owerenga, ndi kutsegula moyo wake, zikutipatsa mafunso kwambiri munthu ananena pa abwino, zokongoletsa, mitu nzeru zaumunthu, amauza chokumbukira wake. Motero, owerenga amalowerera kukoka mpweya wanu pamaso pa mtsinje lotsatira la zochitika kuleka ndi kuzindikira mwakuya lingaliro ntchito, kuganizira funso lakuti izo.

pulagi Mitundu

Ichi ndi chinthu china chofunika wa gulu, amene si mbali yofunika ya nkhani, komanso amatumikira monga akuzinga, ndi Kuwulura zozama za chizindikiro cha ngwazi, izo kumathandiza kumvetsa chifukwa cha zisankho makamaka moyo, dziko mumtima mwake, ndi zina zotero. Anaikapo kungakhale aliyense Mitundu mabuku. Mwachitsanzo, nthano - otchedwa nkhani mkati nkhani (buku "A Hero Nthawi", "), ndakatulo, nkhani, ndakatulo, songs, nthano, makalata, miyambi, zolemba, mawu, miyambi, ndi ena ambiri. Akhale mwini ndi anthu ena ake.

Chiwembu ndi storyline

mfundo ziwiri izi kawirikawiri kusokonezedwa ndi mzake kaya, kapena molakwa kuti ali m'modzi ndipo olingana. Koma iwo ayenera kuwasiyanitsa. Chiwembu - tinganene, mafupa, chifukwa cha bukhu, mu mbali zonse ndi zogwirizana ndi kutsatira mmodzi kuti, chimene n'chofunika kuti mosazindikira cholinga cha wolemba akuti Kuwulura. M'mawu ena, zochitika nkhaniyo kumachitika panyengo zosiyanasiyana nthawi. chiwembu - ndi maziko, koma mu condensed kwambiri maonekedwe, ndi kuphatikiza - zinthu zinayendera kuti awo kuchuluka. Mwachitsanzo, kubadwa, mwana, unyamata, wachinyamata, kukhwima, ukalamba ndi imfa - iyi ndi nkhani, nkhani - ndi kukhwima, chokumbukira ubwana, unyamata, wachinyamata, digressions m'nyimbo, ukalamba ndi imfa.

mutu zikuchokera

Mu nkhani, monga ngati ntchito zolembalemba wawomba magawo ake chitukuko. Pa mtima nkhani zonse pali nkhondo, mozungulira kumene zochitika zazikulu.

Buku akuyamba ndi oyamba, kapena padzuwa, ndiye ndi "mafotokozedwe", kulongosola za nkhaniyi, mfundo poyambira, onse anayamba. Pamakhala kufotokoza tikhoza kunena pakuwoneratu zam'tsogolo. Pa nthawi imeneyi, owerenga amayamba kuzindikira kuti nkhondo tsogolo sali kutali. Monga ulamuliro, ndi mu gawo ili la kukakumana ndi zilembo zazikulu, amene zoyembekezeka pamodzi, mbali mwa mbali kudutsa mayesero kudza.

Tipitirize kusamutsa zinthu nkhani zikuchokera. Gawo lotsatira - chitukuko kanthu. Childs, izi ndi chidutswa kwambiri mwa mawu. Apa owerenga kale kukhala wosaoneka ophunzira mu zochitika, iye amadziŵa bwino zonse, akuonera, kodi mchere zikuchitika, koma chidwi. Pang'onopang'ono, mphamvu centrifugal izo imayamwa, pang'onopang'ono, kwa anadabwa lake, akuona kuti likulu la maelstrom lapansi. Pakubwera pachimake - pachimake pamene ndi zilembo zazikulu, ndi owerenga wa kugwa mvula yamkuntho changwiro cha makhalidwe nyanja. Ndiyeno, pamene zikuonekeratu kuti zikachitika chatha ndipo mukhoza kupuma, mokoma kugogoda pa khomo la pawekha. Iye akadali chews, anafotokoza chilichonse kutchera kunja zinthu zonse pa maalumali - aliyense m'malo ake, ndi maganizo pang'onopang'ono amachepetsa. Epilogue akubweretsa mzere chomaliza mwachidule popereka moyo tsogolo la zilembo zazikulu ndi sekondale. Komabe, si onse olamuliridwa ndi dongosolo lomwelo. zinthu Traditional wa Fairy zosiyanasiyana ndithu.

nthano

Nthano - bodza, choncho Zokuthandizani. Kodi? nkhani ya zinthu zikuchokera ndi ukasintha osiyana ndi "abale" awo, ngakhale pamene kuwerenga, kuwala ndi omasuka, osaganizira. Izi ndi talente imodzi ya wolemba kapena ngakhale mtundu wonse. Malangizo Alexander, werengani nthano ayenera, makamaka anthu wamba, chifukwa ali ndi katundu onse a chinenero cha Chirasha.

Choncho nanga - zinthu mwambo wa Fairy zikuchokera? Mawu oyamba - ndi mawu, zomwe zikusintha ndi maganizo wosangalatsa ndi malonjezo ambiri zozizwitsa. Mwachitsanzo: "Kodi nkhani zimenezi zimakhudza m'mawa wokha ndi pamaso chakudya, poevshi mkate zofewa ..." Pamene inu mverani kumasuka, pansi wabwino ndiponso ofunitsitsa kumvetsera kwambiri, nthawi yokonza - kuyamba. Woimira zilembo zazikulu, nthawi ndi malo kanthu, nakhala mbali ina umene umawalekanitsa dziko pawiri - weniweni ndi zamatsenga.

Kenako nthano lenilenilo, limene amayambira kubwereza kumapangitsanso zinachitikira ndi pang'onopang'ono kuti yozungulira lapansi. Komanso, ndakatulo, songs, onomatopoeia nyama, dialogues - ichi zinthu zonse monga tsinde la nthano ya kapangidwe. Amasimbira kumeneko ndipo mathero ake, kuti mtundu wa limanena zozizwitsa zonse, koma pa nthawi yomweyo kunena dziko wopandamalire matsenga: ". Living, kumuyendera ndi cashing wabwino"