Mabuku Japanese. Mbiri ya chitukuko

mabuku Japanese wakhalapo kwa zaka chikwi. Panthawi imeneyi, iye mobwerezabwereza anasintha: panali masitayilo atsopano, zinthu, mumaganiza luso. Ena mankhwala yosadziwika anakhala tingachipeze powerenga yomweyo, ndipo akulonjeza buku zotayika kufunika kwake angapo zaka zambiri. Akufuna kuphunzira za mabuku Japanese mwatsatanetsatane? akuluakulu ake ndi mavuto? Werengani nkhaniyi!

mabuku akale

Poyamba, zikhulupiliro Japanese ndi nyimbo anagawanika amene opatsirana pakamwa. Komabe, pafupi ndi atumwi VII, zinthu zinasintha. Mfumu Tendzi anakhazikitsa sukulu yapamwamba imene kuphunzira Chinese. Posakhalitsa, pobwereka ndi optimizing otchulidwa Chinese anju olembedwa Japanese. Choncho, chiyambi cha VII centennial mwachangu zimafala olembedwa. Chifukwa, ife anayamba kuoneka zipilala Japanese mabuku.

Woyamba Japanese ntchito kuti wafika nthawi yathu, ndi Nkhani yakuti "Kojiki". Lidalembedwa Yasumaro Ndi 712. Buku ali zosiyanasiyana folklore anapereka songs, nthano, nthano, nthano, ndi zina zotero. D. Komanso, mankhwala analinso ndi zothandiza kudziwa mbiri yakale. Ndithudi, "Kojiki" wolemba anasiya mbiri nthano mbiri mbiri.

Chitsanzo china ndi wakale Japanese mabuku "Man'yoshu". Bukhu linali gulu lalikulu la ndakatulo, zimene zinaphatikizapo zoposa 4,000 wowerengeka ndi mlembi thanki-ndakatulo.

mabuku tingachipeze powerenga

Siteji yotsatira mabuku Japanese monga powerenga. Umayambira VIII kuti XII CC. Amene ali lililonse chifukwa nthawi imeneyi? mabuku Japanese mwamphamvu zapiringizana ndi Chinese. Ambiri mwa anthu a Japan anali osaphunzira. Ndi chifukwa chake mabuku Japanese anawagawira pakati pa anthu apamwamba ndi mabwalo apamwamba bwalo. Mwina mbali yaikulu ya nthawi iyi n'chakuti ntchito zinalembedwa ndi akazi. Ndi chifukwa chake mu mabuku Japanese chimakhala chogwidwa ndi banja ndi zolinga zina decorous.

Chitsanzo chabwino ofotokoza za nthawi ndi "Nkhani ya Otikubo wokongola". Buku limafotokoza nkhani ya moyo Cinderella Japanese, amene anakumbatirana mu komorke ting'onoting'ono kulemekeza ndi miyambo ya makolo awo, malangizo abwino. Chifukwa makhalidwe ake mkulu iye anali wokhoza kumatula kunja kwa nsanza chuma, zoona mu chikondi ndi mfulu ndi olemera iye njonda.

Ngati ife kulankhula za lathu mtundu wanyimbo mabukuwo ali unachoka folklore. M'malo mwa nthano ndi nthano kubwera Mitundu apamwamba .. mabuku, novellas, nkhani yochepa, etc., woyamba Japanese buku lotchedwa "The nthano za Bamboo wodula" ngakhale anatuluka mu m'ma chakhumi. Iwo limatiuza za wokwera akale, anakumana ndi msungwana wamng'ono yemwe anali wokhala mwa mwezi.

mabuku akale

Nthawiyi umayambira zolembalemba ndi XII m'ma XVII. Mphamvu mu dziko wasintha kwambiri. M'malo mwa Mikado, amene analandira aluntha osankhika a dziko, ndi kalasi asilikali, wotchedwa asilikali.

ntchito mabuku a dziko anayamba chowongolera. Mitundu monga buku ndi ndakatulo Japanese anaonekera mu chisokonezeko. Great kutchuka anasangalala Maulendo a zolemba kwambiri nkhondo ndi mbiri yakale. Ambiri, mabuku Japanese wakhala zambiri nkhanza wamagazi. Ndi ofunika zindikirani kuti olemba akazi sanatengedwe nawo akale mabuku ndondomeko ku Japan.

"Genpey Dzosuyki" ndi nthumwi otchuka mabuku akale Japanese. nkhani Zojambula za zokwera ndi zotsika za mitundu iwiri ya chiyambi lolemera - Genji ndi Heike. Buku la mzimu amatikumbutsa Nkhani Shakespeare. Ntchito yodziwika ndi nkhondo chiwawa zozizwitsa, interweaving choonadi mbiriyakale ndi zopeka, wolemba obisika ndi kulingalira.

Modern Japanese Literature

Atagwa wa shoguns mphamvu kamodzinso anabwerera kwa mfumu. Izi zapangitsa kuti zikamera wa nyengo yatsopano mabuku Japanese, chimene chinafika mpaka m'ma XX atumwi. Dziko la Kutuluka Sun wakhala womasuka ku dziko lina. Ndipo kunapezeka kuti mfundo yaikulu pa chitukuko mabuku. Mbali khalidwe la nthawi ino - pa yogwira chikoka maganizo European ndi kayendedwe.

Choyamba, kwambiri chinawonjezeka chiwerengero cha Mabaibulo a European (kuphatikizapo Russian) mabuku. Anthu akufuna kudziwa za chikhalidwe mlendo. Kenako, Japanese anayamba kuoneka ntchito zoyamba zinalembedwa kalembedwe European. Mwachitsanzo, mabuku monga "moto chipilala", "Chikondi Confession avirigo awiri," "nsanjika zinayi pagoda," kutali zapamwamba Japanese. Mu ntchito zimenezi mwachangu nakulitsa mfundo European ndi moyo.

nthawi unawonongedwa

Kugonjetsedwa mu nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse kwambiri bwanji lonse Japanese chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa anthu onse. Change ndi wathunso ndi mabuku. olemba Japan zimafalitsidwa ndi mfundo zatsopano zimene Chili miyambo akale ndi demokalase amakono ( "Chikwi Cranes" Yasunari Kawabata "The chisanu chabwino" Dzyunitiro Tanidzaki).

mabuku Japanese. haiku

mwapadera oyenera ntchito Japanese zachilengedwe m'nyimbo. ndakatulo Japanese kapena haiku (haiku), akhala wotchuka kwa pafupifupi mabuku lonse nyengo. The peculiarity wa mankhwala amenewa ali kukonza. Malinga ndi malamulo a mtundu wanyimbo ndi, haiku tichipeza 17 syllables amapanga ndime ya hieroglyphs. Nkhani yaikulu ntchito izi - za kukongola kwa chilengedwe kapena nzeru zaumunthu chinyezimiritso. Wotchuka haiku - izo Takahama Kyoshi, Kobayashi Issa, Masaoka Shiki. Chabwino, bambo a haiku angatchedwe Matsuo Basho.