Wormholes m'malere. zakuthambo kungoganizira

Nyenyezi chilengedwe Wobisa zinsinsi zambiri. Malinga ndi chiphunzitso ambiri relativity (GTR) pokhazikitsa Einstein, tikukhala anayi ooneka enieni danga nthawi. Ndi yokhota kumapeto ndipo yokoka, bwino ife tonse, kumasonyeza chuma ichi. Nkhani anaŵerama, "anaŵerama" danga owazungulira, ndi kuposa lolemererapo. Space, malo ndi nthawi - zonsezi ndi chidwi kwambiri tsa. Pambuyo powerenga nkhaniyi, ndithu zinthu zatsopano zokhudza iwo.

Ganizo kupindika

Ambiri ziphunzitso zina za kukoka, amene alipo lero mazana lonse, losiyana zikuperekedwa ku relativity ambiri. Komabe, izi malingaliro zonse zakuthambo kukhala chinthu chachikulu - lingaliro la kupindika. Ngati danga yokhota kumapeto, zikhoza kapadera kuti ndikhoza kutenga, mwachitsanzo, mawonekedwe a chitoliro polumikiza dera omwe analekana ndi kuchuluka kwa kuwala zaka. Mwinanso zaka, kutali Chrixitu. Ndipotu ife sindikuyankhula za mlengalenga, bwino kwa ife, koma danga nthawi, pamene ife tiyang'ana pa danga. The dzenje zikhoza kuoneka yekha akamaziwononga. Tikupereka inu kuti bwino chidwi chodabwitsa wormholes.

Ganizo loyamba wormholes

malo akuya ndi zinsinsi zake zimakopa. Maganizo pa kupindika anaonekera yomweyo pambuyo inasindikizidwa ndi General Relativity. L. Flamm, ndi Austria wasayansi amene mu 1916 ananena kuti masamu okhudza malo akhoza kukhalapo mu dzenje, amene zikugwirizana ndi maiko awiri. Masamu N. Rosen ndi Albert Einstein mu 1935, anaona kuti njira zosavuta ndi maikwezhoni mu chimango cha relativity ambiri ananena akutali electrically mlandu kapena ndale amanena, kupanga munda yokoka, ndi okhudza malo kapangidwe "mlatho". Ndiko kuti, kugwirizana universes awiri, awiri pafupifupi athyathyathya ndipo chimodzimodzi danga nthawi.

Kenako nyumba awa okhudza malo anayamba kutchedwa "wormholes" imene ili m'malo ufulu yomasulira ku English mawu wormhole. Pafupi pomasulira - "wormhole" (danga). Rosen ndi ngakhale Einstein sanali kukusalani kuthekera ntchito imeneyi "milatho" pofotokoza iwo mothandizidwa ndi particles pulayimale. Inde, mu nkhani iyi, ndi tinthu ndi chinthu okhudza malo mawonekedwe. Choncho, kufunika chitsanzo gwero la mlandu kapena kulemera ndi mwachindunji kuonekera. A kutali kunja amatsata pamene wormhole ali miyeso tosaoneka ndi maso, aona okha gwero mfundo ndi mlandu ndi misa pamene wina pa malo awa.

"Bridges" Einstein-Rosen

Kumbali ina ya dzenje ndizo mphamvu mizere ya magetsi, ndi pa zina amapita, osati ikutha ndipo kuyambira kulikonse. G .. Wheeler, ndi wasayansi American, pa chochitika ichi ananena kuti likukhalira "mlandu popanda malipiro" ndipo "misa popanda misa." Sikuti Pankhaniyi polingalira mlatho ntchito kulumikiza universes awiri osiyana. No zochepa zogwirizana ndi zikanakhala kopanda kuti awiri wormhole "mkamwa" atuluke mu chilengedwe chomwecho, koma pa nthawi yosiyana ndiponso pa mfundo zosiyanasiyana za izo. Iwo likukhalira kuti chinthu chokhala ndi mphako "chogwirira" ngati kuti kusoka pafupifupi lathyathyathya mwachizolowezi dziko. Mizere ya mphamvu ndi pakamwa, amene akhoza kumva ngati woyang'anira zoipa (mwachitsanzo, elekitironi). Kabowo kumene ili, ali ndi mlandu zabwino (positron). Koma misa, iwo ali mbali zonse ali chimodzimodzi.

Zikhalidwe za mapangidwe "milatho" Einstein-Rosen

chithunzi ichi, ndi zokonda zake zonse, ndi kufalikira kwa sayansi ndi tinthu pulayimale, anali pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Si zophweka kuperekedwa kwa "mlatho" Einstein-Rosen kwadzidzidzi katundu, amene alipo mu microcosm lapansi. Izi "mlatho", ndipo si anapanga ndi makhalidwe amadziwika mlandu ndi unyinji wa particles (mapulotoni ma elekitironi). "Zamagetsi" njira m'malo akulosera "maliseche" chikhalidwe, ndiye poti munda magetsi ndi kupindika chinapangidwira anapanga wosatha. Pa mfundo zimenezi wa lingaliro danga nthawi, ngakhale kupindika ndi tanthauzo, chifukwa n'zosatheka kuti athetse maikwezhoni ndi chiwerengero wopandamalire mawu.

Pamene ntchito GTR?

Palokha, chiphunzitso ambiri relativity limanena ndendende pamene izo zimaleka kugwira ntchito. Pakhosi, pa narrowest mfundo "mlatho", pakhala kuphwanya kusalala kwa kugwirizana. Ndipo ilo liyenera anati, ndithu zazing'ono. Kwa chidwi kutali khosi iyi ya nthawi amasiya. chakuti Einstein ndi Rosen ankaona khosi, tsopano limanenedwa ngati chochitika kaja wa dzenje wakuda (a mlandu kapena ndale). Cheza kapena particles ku mbali zosiyana, "mlatho" amagwa "malo" osiyana a kaja. Ndipo pakati pa lamanzere ndi lamanja mbali zake, ndi kuyankhula, ndi munda sanali malo amodzi. Kuti kudali malo tikhoza sadzaulaka uwo.

Kulephera kudutsa dzenje wakuda

The spacecraft, amene ali pafupi ndi kaja ndi waukulu ndithu wachibale izo dzenje wakuda ngati amaundana muyaya. Fewer ndi ochepa chizindikiro amam'fika ... Ayi, m'chizimezime ya wotchi sitimayo zimatheka mu nthawi amalire. Pamene sitimayo (kapena tinthu mtanda wa kuunika) chitadutsa, iye posachedwapa kuti anapumula mu chikhalidwe cha. Izi ndi malo kupindika amakhala wopandamalire. The chikhalidwe (pa njira kwa iwo) Thupi anawonjezera n'kogwiritsa kuti wosweka ndi wolapa. Ichi ndi chenicheni cha dzenje chipangizo wakuda.

kuwonjezera maphunziro

Mu 1916-17 gg. Ife zimapezeka njira Reissner-Nordström ndi Schwarzschild. Iwo akufotokozedwa ndi spherically symmetrical electrically mlandu ndale mabowo wakuda. Komabe Physics kutha amatha kumvetsa zovuta malo Masamu deta chabe kumayambiriro kwa 1950-60-ntchentche. Zinali ndiye D. A. Uiler, amadziwika ntchito yake mu chiphunzitso yokoka, ndi sayansi ya nyukiliya, anandiuza kuti mawu akuti "wormhole" ndi "dzenje wakuda". Kunapezeka kuti mizereyi Reissner-Nordström ndi Schwarzschild wormholes ilipodi m'malere. Iwo zosaoneka kwathunthu kuti akuona kutali, monga dzenje wakuda. Ndipo, ngati iwo, wormholes mu malo mpaka kalekale. Koma ngati apaulendo likulowerera kaja, iwo unagwa mofulumira kuti mwa iwo akhoza kuuluka ray aliyense wa kuwala kapena tinthu chachikulu, osati sitimayo. Popita ku kamwa zina, anyalanyaza ndi chikhalidwe, tiyenera kusuntha mofulumira kuposa kuwala. Panopa, asayansi amakhulupirira kuti mathamangidwe wa supernova mphamvu ndi vuto limeneli linachokera zosatheka.

Black mabowo Schwarzschild ndi Reissner-Nordström

Schwarzschild wakuda dzenje zikhoza kuganiziridwa timadontho-timadontho kuwoloka burrow. Koma una wakuda Reissner-Nordström, izo penapake zovuta, komanso kuwoloka. Komabe akwere pofotokoza wormholes anayi ooneka enieni danga kuti chikanapitirizidwira, si wovuta. Tiyenera kukatenga mawonekedwe yofunika ya chinkafunika. The chinkafunika tensor, kapena chinkafunika, - m'ndandanda wa zosintha, ntchito imene munthu akhoza kuwerengera intervals anayi ooneka enieni alipo pakati pa malo-zochitika. akonzedwa uyu wa zosintha kwathunthu amadziwika komanso kumunda yokoka, ndi Masamu danga nthawi. Zojambula mtanda wormholes mu mlengalenga, ngakhale mosavuta kuposa mabowo wakuda. Iwo alibe M'maso zomwe zimayambitsa masoka ndi kupita kwa nthawi. Pa mfundo zosiyanasiyana mu nthawi mukhoza kupita mayendedwe osiyana, koma siziyenera nthawi yomweyo wamphamvu kusiya kapena imathandizira.

mizere iwiri ya wormholes kafukufuku

Nature waika chopinga zikamera wa wormholes. Komabe, munthu lakonzedwa kuti ngati pali chowalepheretsa, nthawi zonse padzakhala akalola tingagonjetsere tchimo. Ndipo asayansi nazonso. Kuthi munthu theorists amene akuyendayenda wormholes akhoza kugawidwa mu magulu awiri kuti azigwirizana. The amachita poyamba ndi kuganizira zotsatira awo pasadakhale poganiza kuti wormholes aliko. Oimira malangizo yachiwiri pofuna kumvetsa ndi mmene awonekere, zinthu zofunika zikamera awo. Ntchito mbali iyi ndi wamkulu kuposa poyamba ndipo mwina iwo ali chidwi kwambiri. Malangizo amenewa akuphatikizapo kufufuza zitsanzo za wormholes, komanso kuphunzira katundu wawo.

Zipambano za sayansi Russian

Mwamwayi, katundu wa nkhani ndi mfundo yomanga wormholes akhoza anazindikira chifukwa kugawanika minda zingalowe kwadzidzidzi. Russian asayansi SERGEY Sushkov ndi Arkady Popov, pamodzi ndi Spanish wofufuza David Hochberg ndi Sergei Krasnikov posachedwapa anazindikira ichi. Zingalowe mu nkhani iyi si opanda kanthu. Izi boma kwadzidzidzi yodziwika ndi mphamvu wotsikitsitsa, ie, munda umene palibe particles weniweni. M'munda uwu, nthawi zonse ndi tinthu awiriawiri "pafupifupi" anazimiririka pamaso iwo anapeza zipangizo, koma masamba chizindikiro chake mu mawonekedwe a mphamvu tensor, mwachitsanzo zimachitika, yodziwika ndi katundu zachilendo. Ngakhale kuti kwadzidzidzi katundu wa nkhani makamaka akuwonetseredwa mu microcosm ndi, wormholes, wobadwa mwa iwo, akamaziwononga, angafikire kukula ndithu. Nkhani Krasnikova, ndi njira, amatchedwa "The kuopseza wormholes."

funso nzeru za

Ngati wormholes nthawi akadali athe kumanga kapena kupeza malo a nzeru, anagwirizana ndi kutanthauzira kwa sayansi, mavuto atsopano ndi ndiyenera kunena, n'kovuta kwambiri. Ndi onse yooneka ngati chotheka nthawi zingwe zopota ndi nkhani zofunika kwambiri zokhudza causation, mbali iyi sayansi, mwina nthawi imeneyi adzamvetsa. Monga kuzindikiridwa nthawi yake ndi mavuto kwadzidzidzi zimango ndipo analengedwa ndi chiphunzitso Einstein wa relativity. Space, malo ndi nthawi - zonse za izi mu mibadwo yonse, chidwi anthu ndipo akhoza chidwi ife nthawi zonse. Kuwadziwa bwino nkomwe bwino. Space kufufuza ndi chodziwikiratu kuti nthawi ithe.