Malo anayi ooneka enieni

Today, aliyense schoolchild amadziwa kuti malo omwe pali munthu, atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena, ndiko kuti, ali miyeso itatu: kutalika, m'lifupi ndi kutalika. Koma kodi zinayi ooneka enieni danga? Tikamaphunzira osati okhudza malo udindo wa thupi, koma mmene chingasinthe pa nthawi, ndiyo njira zimene zachitika malo atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena, pali wodziwanso kuposa ntchito - nthawi. Zinayi ooneka enieni ndi tichipeza ndondomeko atatu okhudza malo ndi chimodzi mwakanthawi. Pankhaniyi, sayansi ndi nzeru ena kulankhula umodzi danga nthawi popitilira. Nthawi ndi malo zogwirizana. Ndipotu, iwo amaoneka mbali mosiyana wa zinayi ooneka enieni danga nthawi.

Zinayi ooneka enieni malo ngati chiyanjano cha nthawi ndi malo ali ndi chuma chidwi kuti ndi zotsatira za chiphunzitso cha relativity wa Einstein. Iwo kwagona kuti ndi njira liwiro la thupi kuyatsa pang'onopang'ono loyenda nthawi, ndipo thupi lenilenilo yafupika kukula.

Tangoganizani danga anayi ooneka enieni kovuta. Tikakhala kusukulu, anasolola lathyathyathya akalumikidzidwa zojambula, izo sanaone vuto lililonse makamaka - iwo ali awiri-azithunzi omwe tikunena (ndi m'lifupi ndi m'litali). Zinali zovuta kwambiri kuti ajambule ndipo akuimira akalumikidzidwa atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena - cones, mapiramidi, zonenepa ndi zambiri. Komanso taganizani zinayi ooneka enieni zili kovuta ngakhale kuti masamu ndi sayansi.

Kumene, mfundo "zinayi ooneka enieni danga" koyenera kuti azolowere. sayansi ongolankhula ntchito mfundo zinayi ooneka enieni danga nthawi ngati chida anapezazo, ndi kukhala m'dziko lino anayi ooneka enieni Masamu.

Chiphunzitso Einstein ananena kuti kukula kwa thupi amathandiza kuti kupindika padziko ake anayi ooneka enieni danga nthawi. Si zophweka udzakhalire "wamphamvu" danga nthawi, ndipo molakwika - ngakhale kovuta. Koma ongolankhula wasayansi, kapena masamu ndipo safuna kugonjera chilichonse. Kupindika iwo amayimira kusintha katundu geometrical ya matupi kapena mosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, kutalika circumferential amatanthauza awiri ake mu ndege monga 3,14, ndipo zimenezi si zoona padziko yokhota kumapeto. Kuthekera kupindika malo anayi ooneka enieni anena kumayambiriro chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi atumwi Russian masamu Nikolai Lobachevsky. Mu zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, ndi German masamu Riemann anayamba kufufuza "yokhota kumapeto" danga si miyeso itatu yokha, koma inayi, ndipo chiwerengero cha miyeso. Popeza Masamu danga yokhota kumapeto amatchedwa sanali Euclidean. Anayambitsa sanali Euclidean Masamu sankadziwa kodi zinthu zingakhale zothandiza Masamu awo. The zida masamu, zimene analenga, pambuyo pake ntchito mu chiphunzitso cha relativity ambiri (general relativity).

Einstein anafotokoza zotsatira zosangalatsa, za nthawi: wamphamvu yokoka kumunda, nthawi ikuyenda pang'onopang'ono kuposa kunja. Izi zikutanthauza kuti nthawi dzuwa adzakhala pang'onopang'ono kuposa Padziko Lapansi, chifukwa mphamvu yokoka ya Sun ndi yokulirapo kuposa mphamvu yokoka Dziko Lapansi. Pachifukwa chomwechi koloko pa pamwamba pamwamba Lapansi kupita pang'ono mofulumira kuposa padziko lathuli.

Chofunika kwambiri lonse la sayansi ndi asayansi kutsegula zimatha nthawi, slowdown mu nyutironi ake nyenyezi pafupi, kusiya nthawi "mabowo wakuda", kuthekera Wonenedwa a "kusintha" danga ndi nthawi ya ndondomeko iwowo.

Kunja kwa munda yokoka Zikuoneka kotero otchedwa danga - chilengedwe imene mphamvu yokoka pa thupi, kapena sachita, kapena amachita ofooka kwambiri poyerekeza ndi kukula kwa Dziko Lapansi. nyenyezi mu mlengalenga, ndipo ambiri a iwo ali danga ufulu.