Nkhondo ya Kalka osiyanasiyana, zotsatira za zotsatira

Popeza anagonjetsa lonse Middle East ndi China, Genghis Khan anatumiza tumens ake atatu, molamulidwa ndi Subedeya ndi Jochi Khan, kukazonda m'dera atagona kutsidya lina la Caucasus. Chitata Mongolian nkhondo anali kumeneko ndi asilikali Polovtsian, amene anagonjetsedwa ndi iwo. Zotsalira Polovtsian anabwerera kudutsa Dnieper, amene akatulukire kwa akalonga Russian.

M'chaka cha akalonga kwambiri malangizo izo anasonkhana 1223, limene anaganiza kupereka thandizo la asilikali Polovtsian Khan Kotyanom. Akalonga akumidzi, malo kumpoto kwa Russia kukhalabe Polovtsian anakana. The podwala anaganiza kuti adzawapatsa dziko Polovtsian. The Chifukwa chisankho anayamba nkhondo ya Kalka. asilikali United Russian kutsogoleredwa ndi Mstislav Kievsky, Mstislav molimba mtima ndi Mstislav Chernigovsky. Ndi Mongolian detachments patsogolo ndewu loyamba anayamba nthawi yomweyo atawoloka ndi Dnieper. Asilikaliwa sanagwirizane nkhondo ndi anabwerera kwa masiku atatu. Pamene panjira ya gulu lankhondo Russian oletsedwa yaing'ono mtsinje Kalka, bungwe la nkhondo unapangidwa bungwe, imene atsogoleri a kusagwirizana. Mstislav Kievsky akhapokanyisana pyakuti kufunikira chitetezo, ndipo Mstislav molimba mtima anafuna kumenyana.

Nkhondo ya Kalka anayamba May 31, 1223. Prince Mstislav molimba mtima, ndiyesa Mongolian msasa, anaganiza kuti iye yekha kupirira mdani. Poyamba, vuto la nkhondo anali kutembenukira kwa Russian, koma asilikaliwa anakanthanso akuluakulu osati pakati, kumene kunali Chigalashiya kalonga ndi retinue wake, ndi pa phiko kumanzere kwa Polovtsian. Oyendayenda, sanathe kulimbana ndi kukana kwa wamphamvu, anayamba abwerere mosalongosoka. Akuthamanga Polovtsian apakavalo anasokoneza tithe asilikali Russian, wokonzeka kuchitapo kanthu, lomwe nthawi yomweyo anayamba kukazungulira asilikaliwa. zinthu akhoza kupulumutsa Prince wa Kiev, koma lotengeka chakukhosi pa kalonga Chigalashiya, iye anali anakantha pambali wa Chitata. asilikali Russian laling'onolo Mongolian, koma kugawikana kwa magulu ndi yochititsa manyazi ndege Polovtsy zinachititsa kuti linagonja la Russia.

Mstislav Kievsky analimbitsa pa phiri, kumene masiku atatu bwinobwino amaipidwa kuukira onse a asilikali Chitata. Ndiye Mongolia anapita mochenjera, mtsogoleri wa roamers Ploskinya nampsompsona mtanda pamaso pa Kalonga wa Kiev, anamutsimikizira kuti Tartars anamasulidwa onse a nyumba zawo, ngati iwo ayika pansi zida zawo. Ololera kuchonderera, ndipo Mstislav wodzipereka, koma asilikaliwa sanasunge mawu ake. asilikali onse wamba anatsogozedwa kuchoka ku ukapolo, ndi akalonga, akazembe pansi sitimayo, amene adakhala pansi phwando, kusonyeza chigonjetso. Nkhondo ya Kalka linamalizidwa mu masiku atatu.

asilikali Mongolian idutse pa nagonjetsa pa nthaka Chernigov ukulu, koma tikakumana ndi mzinda woyamba zokhalamo - Novgorod Seversky, anabwerera mmbuyo mu steppe lapansi. Choncho, nkhondo pa Kalka Mongolia analola kuti achite reconnaissance mokwanira. Iwo anazindikira kuti khamu Russian, koma lipoti lake Genghis Khan anali anatsindika kusagwirizanako mu akalonga Russian. Pa nkhondo ya Batu Khan ku Russia mu 1239 pa kugawikana kwa Yairo ukulu izo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi asilikaliwa.

Nkhondo ya Kalka Mtsinje anasonyeza zotsatira za kusowa kwa mugwirizano. asilikali Russian zowawa zomvetsa yaikulu, abwerera kunyumba osaposa khumi la asilikali. Aphedwa ankhondo ambiri lachifumu, ndipo akalonga. Nkhondo ya Kalka Russian akalonga anaonetsa mphamvu ya mdani watsopano, koma phunziro adaphunzira ndi wotsatira zaka 16 nkhondo ya Mongol-Chitata khamu m'dziko Russian mochedwa chitukuko cha Russia pafupifupi ziwiri ndi theka zaka.