Natterjack: malo, maonekedwe, chithunzi

Mwina kuwerenga mawu "chule" mu mutu wa nkhani ino, munthu wince mu kunyansidwa. Akangomva anthu amphibian ambiri ndi mayanjano zosasangalatsa ndithu: kukatenga cholengedwa zokhumudwitsa chifukwa khungu lonse mu "njerewere", ndi maonekedwe ambiri si wosangalatsa kwambiri. Koma ife tifulumire vyendi kuti izi siziri choncho. Ngati ife kupenda mosamalitsa umodzi wa achule, ndiye nyama zimenezi ngakhale kumva chisoni.

Lero pali mitundu oposa mazana atatu ya achule - madzi, akutsikira usiku, viviparous. Koma lero ngwazi za nkhaniyi kukhala kwambiri byway natterjack. mtundu kofala Ulaya ndi ku madera a Soviet Union, imapezeka mu Baltic States, North-Western Ukraine ndi Western Belarus.

Natterjack: kufotokoza

Izi amphibian ku achule ambiri akale (Bufo). Nthawi zina amatchedwa smelly umodzi wa achule (Bufo calamita). Zimatanthauza kuti a tailless. Umodzi wa achule, chithunzi omwe si ofala kwambiri m'mabuku a nyama, ndi nthumwi mmene banja lake, amene amakhala pa M'zigawo kupatula Australia.

Sitingathe kunena kuti izi ndi mtundu umodzi wa achule chachikulu. Ndi sing'anga-kakulidwe nyama. Kawirikawiri pali anthu padziko masentimita asanu m'litali. Achule eyiti masentimita m'litali ndi pa n'zochepa kwambiri.

mbali kunja

Natterjack ali ndi mtundu chidwi. nsana wake ndi utoto kuwala imvi maolivi wobiriwira. Iwo ali ndi mawanga ambiri mdima. Kuwala Mzere, amene amayendetsa pamodzi pakati pa mmbuyo ndi mutu, chimasiyanitsa amphibian ili ku umodzi wa achule wobiriwira, amene lero ambiri.

khungu chimauma koma popanda spikes lapansi. Izi zimasiyanitsa achule, amene khungu mwangwiro yosalala ndi kutetezedwa atayanika kunja ntchofu. achule chikopa nzimbe umodzi yokutidwa ndi zopangitsa ambiri ang'ono secreting chinthu poizoni. Awiri zambiri England lalikulu ili pafupi ndi makutu. Iwo amatchedwa parotidy.

Pamimba ndi akuda imvi woyera hue. maso anakonza horizontally. Amuna a mtundu wa achule ndi cavities wamphamvu pakhosi kudzera amene adamva patali kwambiri. Ndipo chachiwiri mkati pini ali pafupifupi miyeso chomwecho. Amuna ndi akazi amasiyana mtundu wa mmero - akazi ndi utoto woyera, ndi amuna - chibakuwa.

Chitetezo kwa adani

Sichangozi natterjack walandira m'makhalidwe ndi wodzichepetsa coloration ndi zopangitsa chakupha. Ichi ndi chitetezo yekha wa nyama pang'onopang'ono pomenyera kukhalapo. Poona ngozi, natterjack atayesa kuthawa, koma pamene chikakusowani kutero, kuopa iye chimakakamiza pa khungu ndi yokutidwa ndi woyera thovu madzi kuti ali chinthu chosangalatsa fungo kwambiri.

Kuti musakodwe mumsampha yoongoka, akhwangwala kapena raccoon galu, umodzi wa achule ayenera kukhala pafupifupi wosaoneka. Ngati mdani akadali anatha kuona amphibian, ndi kuwagwira izo, ndiye iye sichidukidwa. Mtanda njoka zopangitsa, reflex-kumasuka chinthu ndi fungo Fungo lamphamvu lamankhwala onyansa owawa kwambiri kukoma, kupereka zotsatira emetic - amavomereza kuti "chakudya chokoma" angayesedwe monga njala kwambiri chilombo. Munthu chakupha zinthu tochoka ndi zopangitsa, sipangakhale vuto ndipo si chifukwa njerewere (ndi olakwika ambiri).

malo

Ife tanena kale kuti natterjack wamba ku Ulaya, kum'mawa ndi kumpoto kwa uthunthu wake umalandira UK, izo zimapezeka kum'mwera kwa Sweden, kumadzulo Belarus, mu gawo kumpoto-kumadzulo kwa Ukraine, mu Baltic States. Mu dziko lathu akhoza amangoona m'dera Kaliningrad.

Izo wakonda kukhala otsika lapansi. Iye amakonda kuwala nthaka mchenga bwino analimbikitsa ndi dzuwa, owuma malo lotseguka. Iwo amakhala mabanki mchenga wa mitsinje, malo, nyanja, inamera zitsamba ndi zomera herbaceous, amangoganizira akumathandizika pa.

Mukhoza kuona umodzi wa achule mu meadows, pa m'mbali mwa nkhalango, m'misasa matabwa, kumene kubisala pansi pa mitengo ikuluikulu ya mtengo, zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo mu makatoni. Natterjack angamasuke pa minda (ndi nthaka lotayirira). Mu Pyrenees izo limatuluka ndi kutalika kwa oposa awiri ndi theka mamita zikwi pamwamba pa nyanja.

Khalidwe mu pompo-pompo

Patapita yozizira ya natterjack akugwira kumapeto kwa April. Kawirikawiri yogwira pa madzulo, tsiku akugwira yosowa izo zimachitikira nyengo mitambo.

Mu nthawi ya mpumulo (yozizira) kubisala m'mapanga kapena m'misasa ena - mu niches zachilengedwe, pansi miyala, mu mphako ya padziko, zina m'manda m'nthaka. Chifukwa cha chakudya - tizilombo. Pa kuswana kwa pafupifupi salandira chakudya. pamsinkhu wobereka adza kwa zaka zinayi. Amayembekezeka kukhala ndi moyo zaka khumi ndi zisanu.

Hibernation natterjack anatumiza mochedwa August pamene kutentha mpweya akutsikira 10 ° C.

The natterjack wakudya?

Nzimbe achule amakonda kudya invertebrates kukwawa nyerere, kafadala, nkhono, nyongolotsi, ndi zina.

umodzi wa achule ili (chithunzi inu onani pansipa) - mmodzi mwa anthu ochepa pakati wake "abale" amene asankha nyama. Scenting nyama, iye m'malo mofulumira anatembenuka ake ndipo adzagwira pakamwa pake.

kubalana

Zimafalitsidwa natterjack mu analimbikitsa matupi osaya ubwenzi madzi, kwambiri inamera zomera. Nthawi zina wamkazi amaikira mazira mu madzi brackish. Pakuti kubalana amafuna kutentha madzi osachepera +18 ° C. Nthawiyi chimakhala cha theka lachiwiri la April mpaka mapeto a July. Misa spawning zambiri kumachitika May kapena June.

Kawirikawiri madzulo pa nthawi iyi ya munthu ali pansi pa posungira. Ikryanoe zingwe ndi m'lifupi millimeters asanu ndi kutalika mamita 1.6. Nthawi zina, akhoza kufika kutalika 3.2 m. Iwo ili pa akuya osaya (20 cm). Mazira 1.6 mamilimita awiri ili mizere iwiri. Pa nthawi ina mkazi akhoza kuyika kwa mazira 5.250.

Mphutsi kukula kwa 8.5 mm. Development akupitiriza masiku 55. Pamaso pa namchidwe metamorphosis umodzi wa achule akula 28 mm. Iwo kudya detritus, protozoans pa timayandama ndiponso nkhanu zing'onozing'ono.

Achule a mtundu limakula pang'onopang'ono. Pamene namchidwe limakhala laling'ono koma ndawala umodzi wa achule, nyama ukatuluka mwa posungira. Juveniles amene angobwera pa dziko, m'litali mwa 1 centimeter. Iwo mochenjera kwambiri kukwera, kukanikiza pamimba.

mphamvu

Zoyambazo Soviet Union natterjack amakhala m'mphepete kum'mawa kwa osiyanasiyana. mitundu ndi anagawira omangidwa kwambiri. M'madera ena, chiwerengero chawo si mkulu, pamene ena chikondwerero cha kugwa kwa chiwerengero ndi kuchepetsa malo okhala.

Zimachitika pa dera la ena nkhokwe. mtundu zimatetezedwa ndi wa Bern Convention (alumikiza II). M'mayiko ambiri, ndi mtundu osowa wa natterjack. The Red Book wa USSR, komanso Red Book of Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia ndi Russia apanga a m'mabuku awo amphibian chitetezo. Ubale wa mitundu kuphunzira panopa sangakwanitse.

Natterjack: Chidwi Mfundo

chule Izi sangathe kudumpha bwino, ngati achule, chifukwa wamfupi miyendo yakumbuyo. kudumpha ake sali wamtali kapena yaitali.

Umodzi wa achule a mtundu - wosambira zoipa kwambiri, moti anali mu thupi zozama za madzi mosavuta adzawonongedwa.

Koma iye akhoza mwaluso kukwera mtengo chitsa kapena kutuluka ku dzenje lakuya. Komanso, mosavuta zakukwawa padziko thunthu okonda a mtengo, koma pokhapokha ngati makungwa ali osachepera roughness pang'ono.

Ndipo mfundo ina chidwi. Natterjack chidwi kwambiri chimachititsanso: si kukwawa, osati kulumpha, ndi kuthamanga ndi miyendo yonse inayi ndi kupinda nsana wanu zoseketsa. Izi amatikumbutsa makoswe ang'ono, koma osati tailless achule.

Natterjack kupereka mutu wa achule loudest mu dziko. pafupipafupi zikumveka panamveka ndi amuna pa nyengo mating, limodzi ndi theka zikwi hedzi.

Nthawi zina nzimbe achule kusankha yozizira zisa kumeza ' pa gombe mchenga. Mu mink munthu akhoza kuthetsa achule ochepa.