Ndalama opaleshoni. Ndi chiyani icho?

M'nkhani limeneli muphunzira zimene ndalama opaleshoni (abbr. OPEX) ndi chimene iwo ali oyanjana. Mawu amenewa kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito zachuma m'makampani, ndipo ambiri amanena kuti ndalama, omwe uka zina pochita malonda.

Zikugwira ntchito ndalama - izi ndi ndalama kuti imakhudzana ndi kasamalidwe ogwira ntchito ndi pa malonda a katundu ndi ntchito yopanga; ndi mtengo wa kuchita ntchito iliyonse, womwenso ndalama onse obwera ndi ntchito mwachindunji wa kampani. Iwo dongosolo nyengo malipoti, ndalama zosagwirizana ndi kupanga mwachindunji katundu. PSBU "ndalama" streamline magulu zolowa ntchito zikugwira ntchito ya mudzagwiritse ena zinthu zachuma:

- ndalama ntchito;
- depreciation - kusiyana akuwuka pamene katundu monga zida kupanga kapena magalimoto pang'onopang'ono zisathe, kuti msika phindu penapake poyerekeza zoyambirira (m'nkhani ino adzafotokoza ndalama opaleshoni, ngati awa katundu ntchito ntchito kugwiritsa ntchito zake ntchito);
- azimayi a ndalama kukhazikitsa miyezo chikhalidwe;
- ndalama ntchito antchito - zinthu Ambiri ndalama opaleshoni, zina, zimatengera thupi wamkulukulu mu ndalama okwana kumalo a ntchito;
- ndalama zina opaleshoni - ndi malonda, malonda, chindapusa pulogalamuyo ndipo ntchito za malamulo, katundu ofesi, malipiro a zofunikira pa mtengo wa kugula popanga zipangizo yaiwisi, mtengo wa kafukufuku ndi ntchito za sayansi.

Dziwani kuti kuwonjezera pa opaleshoni ndipo pali likulu zolowa (abbr. CAPEX). Iwo Mwachitsanzo, mwina monga mtengo wa munthu nthawi kugula zida zatsopano pamene akale kwathunthu wolema, amene amortized.

Chifukwa zidzasankhidwa likulu ndi opaleshoni ndalama? Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti ndalama iliyonse ndi kasamalidwe kampani ayenera kulandira molondola kwambiri za kumene anakhala ndalama pamaso phindu anachira. Mwachitsanzo, ndalama opaleshoni ya gombe - ndizo malipiro, kugula katundu ofesi ndi likulu - kugula malo.

Nkhani mawunikidwe a ndalama zikugwira ntchito bungwe kapena ogwira bungwe, amapatsidwa chikhalidwe cha polojekiti, ndi peculiarities ntchito ndi misonkhano. Mosamala mapangidwe timva mawunikidwe n'kofunika kuti tipeze njira ya kusanthula chikhalidwe chawo, komanso cholinga chinyezimiro Zotsatira za chuma (imfa kapena phindu ukonde) bungwe.

M'magulu onse a ndalama chuma opaleshoni allocated kwa zinthu zachuma. zolozerazi posachedwapa anachita ntchito zofunika kwambiri mu ntchito ya mabungwe mu nkhope ya wampikisano osati ndi zakunja, komanso alimi zoweta.

Choyamba, msika wamakono ungabwere koyenera ndi kogwira mtima kasamalidwe ka gulu. Kukhala bwino, atsogoleri malonda ayenera ganyu ndodo kasamalidwe ndi maphunziro apamwamba. Izi zimafunika kulamulira bwino ntchito ndalama ndipo kupenda mosamala mphamvu ya ntchito zawo.

Chachiwiri, Kukwezeleza bwino ntchito ndi mankhwala pa msika amafuna kuti mudzagwiritse za ndalama kwambiri kugulitsa. Chifukwa anthu opanga mpikisano waukulu ndi kugwira lalikulu ndi mtengo kafukufuku msika, kuti ndalamazo kwambiri pa malonda ndi kugwira processing katundu isanafike zogulitsa.

Chachitatu, luso (ie luso) chikhalidwe cha malonda lero kumafuna luso azolowere zinthu zatsopano, kugwira ntchito ndi mtima wonse dera la kufalitsidwa.

Kodi kudziwa za ndalama zikugwira ntchito?

The njira yotchuka kwambiri ya kupeza deta pa boma la ndalama opaleshoni - kusunga kasamalidwe nkhani kapena kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yapadera chifukwa kasamalidwe ndalama. Ndithudi, choncho, ngati kuchuluka kwa ndalama chaka ndi kusintha chaka (makamaka ku mbali ya kuchuluka), magulu chidwi (wokongoza ndi ma sheya hoda) mukufuna kufotokozera kwa kasamalidwe. Kukhala nkhani imeneyi kudzakuthandizani kudziwa zinthu zimene zimachititsa kusintha ndalama kuti m'tsogolo adzachotsa vuto chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo.