Kubadwa Kwatsopano (mwachidule). Kufotokoza mwa chidule za Kubadwa Kwatsopano

Mbiri ya Kubadwa Kwatsopano kumayambira m'ma XIV. Koma nthawi iyi akutchedwa Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Chitsitsimutso linasintha mu Europe Medieval chikhalidwe nakhala wotsogolera wa chikhalidwe M'badwo Watsopano. A Kubadwa Kwatsopano inatha mu zaka XVI-XVII, monga dziko lirilonse lili tsiku chiyambi ndi mapeto.

A pang'ono zambiri

mbali chapadera ndi Kubadwa Kwatsopano - ndi anthropocentrism, kuti ndi chidwi kwapadera mu umunthu monga munthu ndi ntchito yake. Kwa inunso aku khalidwe yotsala ya chikhalidwe. Anthu, pali chidwi mu chikhalidwe wakale, pali chinachake chonga ake "Kubadwa Kwatsopano". Choncho zoona, anachitira dzina nthawi imeneyi zofunika za nthawi. otchuka wa Kubadwa Kwatsopano angatchedwe wosafa Michelangelo, Nikkolo Makiavelli ndipo nthawi zonse moyo ndi Leonardo da Vinci.

Kubadwa Kwatsopano (mwachidule mbali zofunika anafotokoza m'nkhani ino) wasiya ake amaonekera maganizo ndi chikhalidwe pa mayiko onse a ku Ulaya. Koma m'mayiko onsewa pali munthu malire mbiri nyengo. Ndipo onse - chifukwa chitukuko wosiyana zachuma ndi chikhalidwe.

Kubadwa Kwatsopano anatuluka mu Italy. Apa zizindikiro zake poyamba zinkaoneka mu zaka XIII-XIV. Koma chosasunthika okha m'nyengo ya 20 ntchentche za m'ma XV. Mu Germany, France ndi mphamvu zina Kubadwa Kwatsopano anauka patapita nthawi yaitali. Kumapeto kwa XV m'ma kugwa maluwa pamwamba pa Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Ndipo m'zaka za zana lotsatira, akuti vuto la maganizo za nthawi iyi. Chifukwa, apo panali chinachake amapezeka Baroque ndi mannerism.

ndi nthawi iyi Kodi

Nthawi ya Kubadwa Kwatsopano - nthawi imene kusintha akuyamba ku akale anthu ang'onoang'ono kuti bourgeois. Ichi ndi gawo la mbiri, pamene unagona bourgeois-capitalist sanayambebe anapanga, ndipo umoyo-ang'onoang'ono maziko agwedezeka.

Pa Kubadwa Kwatsopano, iwo amayamba mtundu. Panthawi imeneyi, mphamvu ya mafumu, mothandizidwa ndi nzika wamba anakwanitsa kugonjetsa mphamvu za anthu otchuka ang'onoang'ono. oyeretsedwa ku tiganizira lawolawo ku nthawi iyi anali otchedwa kucheza, wotchedwa boma. Tsopano uka ufumu waukulu, maziko amene ali dziko ndi mbiri yakale tsogolo.

The Kubadwa Kwatsopano amakhala ndi chitukuko lingamutsatire ubale malonda pakati pa maiko. Nthawi imeneyi, anachita maulendo waukulu anapeza. Kubadwa Kwatsopano anakhala nthawi imene ndizosowa ziphunzitso zamasiku ano sayansi anaikidwa. Choncho, uko kunali sayansi ndi zoyambitsa zawo ndi kutulukira. The panasinthira kwa ndondomeko anafotokoza ndi anapeza yosindikiza. Ndipo umo ndi momwe perpetuates ya Kubadwa Kwatsopano nyengo.

zikayenda ena a Kubadwa Kwatsopano

The Kubadwa Kwatsopano mwachidule yodziwika ndi zikayenda mkulu mu mabuku. Chifukwa cha kubwera kwa makina izo kamakhala kufalitsa mwayi zimenezo zimene sakanakwanitsa patsogolo. mipukutu yakale anauka ngati Phoenix ku phulusa anayamba linamasuliridwa m'zinenero zambiri ndipo tinalisindikizanso. Iwo kuzungulira dziko mofulumira monga kale. Kuphunzira wakhala zambiri mosavuta ndi luso kubereka pa pepala zosiyanasiyana sayansi ndi ukatswiri.

chidwi chatsopano kale kuphunzira nthawi imeneyi idzaonetsedwa miyambo achipembedzo ndi maganizo. M'kamwa Kaluchcho Salutatti, Chancellor wa Republic Florence, ananena kuti Lemba liri kanthu koma ndakatulo. Mu Kubadwa Kwatsopano kusaka umalandira pachimake cha ntchito zake. Iwo anali olumikizidwa ndi mfundo zimenezi phunziro lalikulu la ntchito wakale chingafooketse chikhulupiriro mwa Yesu Kristu.

Oyambirira ndi High Kubadwa Kwatsopano

Features ya Kubadwa Kwatsopano ndi anatchulidwa nthawi awiri a Kubadwa Kwatsopano kukhalapo. Choncho, nthawi yonse, asayansi anawagawa Early ndi High Kubadwa Kwatsopano Chitsitsimutso. Nthawi yoyamba inatenga zaka 80 - kuchokera 1420 mpaka 1500. Panthawi imeneyi, luso sanayambebe kwathunthu kumasuka ku zotsala za m'mbuyomu, koma ndayesera kuphatikiza ndi zinthu anabwereka yakale zachikhalidwe. Only patapita nthawi yaitali, pang'onopang'ono ojambula zithunzi, kudzera chikoka cha zinthu kusintha chikhalidwe ndi moyo, amakana ku Ages Middle ndizosowa popanda twinge chikumbumtima ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito luso lakalekale.

Koma izi zonse zikuchitika mu Italy. Limati zina, luso kwa nthawi yaitali ankavutika Gothic. Koma kumapeto kwa zaka za zana XV Kubadwa Kwatsopano kumayambira Spain ndi m'mayiko unali kumpoto kwa Alps. Apa, siteji oyambirira lothandiza akupitiriza mpaka cha m'ma XVI. Koma palibe mtengo tcheru akhala nthawi imeneyi.

Mkulu Kubadwa Kwatsopano

Nyengo lachiwiri la Kubadwa Kwatsopano imatengedwa nthawi chochititsa chidwi kwambiri linakhalapo. High Kubadwa Kwatsopano komanso inatenga zaka 80 (1500-1580). Nthawi imeneyi, likulu la zojambulajambula ndi Rome, osati Florence. Zonse izi zinali zotheka chifukwa cha chitunda mpando wachifumu Papa Julius II. Iwo anali munthu wofuna kutchuka. Iye ankadziwikanso kuti kuona mtima ndi mzimu wake entrepreneurial. Zinali iye anakopeka bwalo lake yabwino ojambula zithunzi Italy. Pamene Julia II ndipo m'malo anamanga nambala yaikulu sculpting yaikulu kuumbidwa chosaneneka chosema, frescoes olembedwa ndi zojambula, amene adakali amaonedwa katswiri wa chikhalidwe dziko.

Nthawi Kubadwa Kwatsopano luso

malingaliro Kubadwa Kwatsopano anali kuonekera pa luso imeneyo. Koma ife tisanati kulankhula za luso lokha, Ndikufuna kuunikila magawo waukulu. Choncho, dziwani Protorenessans kapena nthawi kupatsidwa ulemu (pafupifupi zaka 1260-1320) duecento (XIII v.) Trecento (XIV Art.) Ndipo Quattrocento (XV Art.) Ndipo Cinquecento (XVI Art.).

Inde, ndondomeko ya malire a zaka si ndithu zikugwirizana ndi magawo enieni chikhalidwe. Protorenessans chinali cha m'ma XIII, Early Kubadwa Kwatsopano itha 1490, motero, monga High Kubadwa Kwatsopano uphwetsa pamaso pa 1530 ndi. Only mu Venice, iye akalipo ngakhale pang'ono kutha m'zaka XVI.

Kubadwa Kwatsopano mabuku

Kubadwa Kwatsopano mabuku - maina awa wosafa monga Shakespeare, Ronsard, Lorenzo Val, Petrarch, Du Bellay ndi ena. Mu Kubadwa Kwatsopano andakatulo anasonyeza chigonjetso cha anthu pa zolakwa zawo ndi zolakwa za m'mbuyomu. The ambiri otukuka anali mabuku a Germany, France, England, Spain ndi Italy.

Mabuku English ankatsatira kwambiri ndi ndakatulo ya Italy ndi ntchito zachikhalidwe. Thomas Ueyatt anayamba sonnet mawonekedwe, amene wokongola kudya kupeza kutchuka. Walandiranso chidwi ndi sonnet, analenga Earl wa Surrey. Zolembalemba History of England kuposa ambiri ofanana ndi mabuku French, ngakhale akuchita kochepa.

mabuku German wa Kubadwa Kwatsopano amadziwika Schwanks anaonekera mu nthawi ino. Ndi nkhani yokoma komanso kusangalala woyamba analengedwa mu mawonekedwe a ndakatulo, ndipo kenako - mu prose. Nkhanizo za moyo za moyo watsiku ndi tsiku wa anthu wamba. Zonsezi chinali mu kalembedwe kuwala, ankasewera ndipo anaika-mmbuyo.

French Literature, Spain ndi Italy

French Kubadwa Kwatsopano mabuku Munthu wotereyu mumaganiza latsopano. Margarita Navarrskaya anakhala patroness cha mfundo za Reformation ndi umunthu. Mu France, patsogolo kuyambira kupita zilandiridwenso dziko ndi m'tawuni.

The Kubadwa Kwatsopano (Mwachidule angapezeke mu nkhani yathu) mu Spain ndi kugawidwa m'mbali zingapo: oyambirira Kubadwa Kwatsopano, High Kubadwa Kwatsopano ndi Baroque. Kuyambira nthawi ya dziko chawonjezeka chidwi chikhalidwe ndi sayansi. Mu Spain, osauka utolankhani, pali typography. Ena olemba unadzipiringiza zolinga achipembedzo ndi malingaliro wakudziko umunthu.

Oimira Italy Kubadwa Kwatsopano mabuku ndi Francesco Petrarca ndi Dzhovanni Bokkachcho. Iwo anali alakatuli woyamba zithunzi chapamwamba ndipo maganizo anayamba kusonyeza chinenero zenizeni zotukwana. luso Izi n'kulandiridwa wopambana kwambiri ndi inafalikira ku mayiko ena.

Kubadwa Kwatsopano ndi Art

Features ya Kubadwa Kwatsopano - kuti thupi lamunthu kukhala chiyambi cha kudzoza chachikulu ndi phunziro la ichi ojambula zithunzi nthawi. Choncho, kutsindika zapatsidwa kwa kufanana kwa chosema ndi penti ndi chowonadi. Mbali yaikulu ya Kubadwa Kwatsopano luso anafotokoza kuwala woyengeka chuma burashi, mthunzi masewera ndi kuwala amve ntchito ndipo ndinavutika zikuchokera. Pakuti ojambula zithunzi za Kubadwa Kwatsopano anali zithunzi zazikulu za m'Baibulo ndi nthano.

Mu kupenta nyumba ya Kubadwa Kwatsopano kufanana ndi munthu weniweni ndi fano lake pa lona makamaka zinali pafupi kuti wongopeka ngati moyo. Pa luso la zaka mazana makumi awiri, iyo siingakhoze anati.

The Kubadwa Kwatsopano (mwachidule mumaganiza waukulu zafotokozedwa pamwambapa) anazindikira thupi la munthu ndi chiyambi wopandamalire. Asayansi ndi amisiri nthawi zonse bwino luso lawo ndi kudziwa ndi kuphunzira thupi wa munthu. Kenako, anthu ankalingalira kuti munthu analengedwa m'chifanizo ndi chifaniziro cha Mulungu. mawu awa amasonyeza ungwiro thupi. Zinthu zazikulu ndi zofunika za Kubadwa Kwatsopano luso anali milungu.

Chikhalidwe ndi kukongola kwa thupi

Kubadwa Kwatsopano luso anamvera kwambiri chilengedwe. Zinthu khalidwe la malo wakhala osiyanasiyana ndi zobiriwira zomera. Kumwamba buluu kulocha, amene atagonjetsa dzuŵa, amene mkatikati mwa mitambo yoyera anali wokongola mkhalidwe zolengedwa likuchuluka. Kubadwa Kwatsopano luso kugwada kukongola kwa thupi. Izi zimaonekera makamaka zinthu mochenjera minofu ndi thupi. Amakhumudwa kaimidwe, nkhope ndi manja, mwadongosolo ndi bwino mtundu phale chibadidwe zilandiridwenso wa Osema ndi Osema wa nthawi Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Zikuphatikizapo Titian, Leonardo da Vinci, Rembrandt ndi ena.