Battalion akazi a imfa mu First World nkhondo. Mbiri ya battalion cha akazi

Akazi Imfa Battalion mu yoyamba ya padziko lonse (zithunzi zilipo m'nkhani), panali pa behest wa Provisional boma. Mmodzi wa initiators waukulu wa chilengedwe chake chinali M. Bochkarev. battalion akazi a imfa mu First World nkhondo analengedwa kuukitsa makhalidwe a asilikali, anthu amene anakana kupita kutsogolo.

Maria Bochkareva

Kuyambira mu 1914, iye anali kutsogolo ndi udindo wa wapolisi sanali analamula amene analandira chigamulocho apamwamba. Chifukwa ungwazi awo ndi TH 1917 Maria Bochkareva anatchuka kwambiri. Yafika mu April ku Western Front Rodzyanko zimatheka kukumana ndi iye ndiyeno anamutengera iye ndi iwo Petrograd chifukwa chochita misonkhano yokopa anthu nkhondo "mpaka chigonjetso" m'magulumagulu kaboma ndi nthumwi za Congress wa Petrograd Soviet. M'mawu ake Bochkareva atapereka mwatsatanetsatane kupanga battalion ndi akazi a imfa. Mu nkhondo, iye anati, ndi mapangidwe a kunali kofunika kwambiri. Atatero anaitanidwa kulankhula pa msonkhano wa Provisional boma.

ANAKULIRA mapangidwe wagawo

Pa akazi First World a mibadwo yonse - sukulu, ophunzira mtsikana nthumwi za Boma zina za anthu - anapita mwaufulu kwa kutsogolo. The "Bulletin Red Cross" mu 1915, panali nkhani ya atsikana 12 amene anali kumenyana mu Carpathians. Iwo anali ndi zaka 14-16. Mu nkhondo yoyamba ya pasukulu awiri anaphedwa ndi 4 anavulala. Asilikali mtima atate ndi atsikana. Anapita nawo mawonekedwe anaphunzitsa kuwombera kenako opezeka pansi mayina wamwamuna monga waudindo wapamwamba kwambiri. Kodi anawapanga akazi amene anali okongola, achinyamata, olemera kapena wolemekezeka, Scott mu chizolowezi nkhondo? Documents ndi kukumbukira zinkalosera zifukwa zambiri. Chief mwa iwo, kumene, anali kugula kukonda dziko. Iye anaphimba zonse anthu Russian. Lingaliro wakutemwa ndi ntchito kwachititsa akazi ambiri kusintha zovala zokongola pa yunifolomu kapena zovala anamwino. Ofunika anali ndi mavuto a m'banja. Pomwe akazi anango aenda ku kutsogolo kwa amuna awo, ena kuphunzira za imfa yawo, iwo chibatizidwireni wa gulu lankhondo la kubwezera. A udindo wapadera nyimbo ndi kukhala ndi gulu ufulu wofanana ndi amuna. Chosintha 1917 anapatsidwa wambiri mwayi akazi. Iwo analandira ufulu visankho ndi zina. Zonsezi zathandizira kuti malamulo asilikali, imene inali kwathunthu kwa akazi. Mu kasupe ndi chilimwe cha 1917 anayamba mbali ya dziko lonse. Kale ku dzina, zinaonekeratu zimene battalion akazi a imfa. Mu First World nkhondo, akazi anali wokonzeka kupereka miyoyo yawo kwa dziko lawo. Pa pempho Botchkareva anayankha 2,000 atsikana. Komabe, 300 okha ndi amene anasankhidwa mu battalion akazi a imfa. Mu yoyamba ya padziko lonse, "asilikali mantha" anasonyeza zimene angathe Russian mtsikana. ungwazi yawo, iwo anatsutsa asilikali onse nawo nkhondoyo.

Akazi Battalion Imfa: mbiri ya chilengedwe

Batalyon unakhazikitsidwa mu nthawi yochepa. Mu 1917, June 21, pa Cathedral St. Isaac pa mwambo wapadera unachitikira pa lalikulu. Iye analandira watsopano asilikali mapangidwe mbendera zoyera. June 29 anavomereza Malamulo. Kusonyeza ndondomeko mapangidwe mayunitsi lankhondo la odzipereka wamkazi. Analemba mndandanda wa "troopers mantha" oimira Boma osiyana a anthu. Mwachitsanzo, msilikali wothandiza mfumu uja Botchkareva mwana 25 wazaka wamkulu Maria Skrydlova. Anali ndi maphunziro kwambiri ndipo ankadziwa zinenero zisanu.

Akazi Imfa Battalion mu nkhondo World inkakhala akazi akutumikira mayunitsi frontline, ndipo anthu wamba a. Mbadwo Wotsirizira anali noblewomen, ntchito, mphunzitsi, mtsikana ophunzira. Zambiri mtumiki wamba atsikana ya banja wotchuka mfulu, mkazi msilikali Cossacks - iwo ndi ena ambiri mukawatumikire mu battalion akazi a imfa. Mbiri ya chilengedwe cha Botchkareva anayamba pa nthawi yovuta. Komabe, uyu anali kutsogolera mogwirizana magulu a asilikali ndi atsikana a mizinda ina. Mwachidule, mawu a akazi Russian analowa. Komabe, kunali kotheka kukumana ndi akuluakulu a mitundu ina. Choncho, malinga ndi zolembedwa, Estonians, Chilativiya, Ayuda ndi anapita kukatumikira ku battalion akazi a imfa.

History mayunitsi likusonyeza wakutemwa mkulu wa kugonana fairer. Part anayamba kupanga Kiev, Smolensk, Kharkov, Mariupol, Baku, Irkutsk, Odessa, Poltava, Vyatka ndiponso mizinda ina. Pamene njira, atsikana ambiri monga chovuta kwa battalion akazi woyamba wa imfa. Mu yoyamba ya padziko lonse mayunitsi asilikali anali okwana pakati pa 250 ndi 1,500 anthu. Pa October 1917 zinapangidwa: zam'madzi gulu, Minsk anzake asamuone kumuwombera, Petrograd apakavalo Regiment, komanso Petrograd Choyamba, Moscow Chachiwiri, battalion Chachitatu Cuba akazi a imfa. Mu yoyamba ya padziko lonse (mbiri umboni izi) nawo okha mayunitsi atatu apitawa. Komabe, ndi ndondomeko kuwonjezeka chiwonongeko cha Russian Ufumu, mapangidwe mbali siinamalizidwe.

maganizo onse

Solntseva mbiri Russian analemba kuti Soviet Union ndi unyinji wa asilikali m'malo zoipa anazindikira battalion akazi a imfa. Pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse Komabe, kuti linali mbali yofunika kwambiri. Komabe, anamenyela ambiri unflattering kwambiri ndemanga za atsikana. Mu July oyambirira, Petrograd Soviet akufuna disband battalions onse. Ananena kuti mbali ya "osayenera ntchito". Komanso, Petrograd Soviet wosasamala mapangidwe magulu amenewa "chobisika mchitidwe bourgeois" chikhumbo kubweretsa nkhondo kupambana.

battalion akazi a imfa mu First World nkhondo: chithunzi ntchito

Mu gulu lankhondo la Botchkareva anafika pa 27 June 1917. wagawo chiwerengero anali anthu 200. Female imfa battalion ku gawo kumbuyo kwa woyamba Siberia Corps wa 10 Army pa Front Western. Pa 9 July amanyansidwa chinali kukonzedwa. 7 oyenda Regiment, zimene zinaphatikizapo battalion ndi akazi a imfa, nalowa dongosolo. Iye ankayenera kuti atenge udindo mu Kreva. Pa pambali lamanja la Regiment anali troopers mantha battalion. Choyamba analowa nkhondoyo monga mdani, omwenso ankadziwa za mapulani a asilikali Russian, kupulula kuponya preemptive, anapita ku malo a asilikali athu.

14 kwa adani chinalembedwa pa masiku atatu. kangapo pa nthawi iyi battalion anachita ndi m'mizinda. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, asilikali German anali anaithamangitsa maudindo iwo wotanganidwa dzana. Mu lipoti lake kwa msilikali Zakrzewski analemba kuti battalion akazi a imfa yoyamba ya padziko lonse zinthu alimba mtima, kukhala nthaŵi kutsogolo. Atsikana atumikira komanso asilikali, pamodzi ndi iwo. Pamene Germany anaukira, iwo onse anathamangira kwa kauntala, analowa kufufuza, makatiriji thireyi. battalion akazi a imfa mu First World nkhondo ndi chitsanzo cha kulimba mtima, kudekha ndi kulimba mtima. Aliyense wa heroines izi atsikana woyenera waudindo wapamwamba wa Msilikali Russian asilikali chosintha. Monga iye anachitira umboni Bochkareva a 170 akazi asilikali omwe anapita nkhondoyo, anthu 30 anaphedwa ndipo pafupifupi 70 ndiwobvulazidwa. Iye anawomberedwa kasanu palokha. Patapita mwezi ndi theka Bochkareva nkhondo anali mu chipatala. Kuchita nkhondo ndi ungwazi, iye anali kupereka udindo wa mkulu chachiwiri.

Zotsatira za imfa

Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa akufa ndiwobvulazidwa mu nkhondo ya atsikana General Kornilov, iye walemba lamulo loletsa mapangidwe squads latsopano imfa kutenga mbali nkhondoyo. malamulo alipo anatumizidwa chabe ntchito wothandiza. Makamaka anauzidwa kupereka chitetezo kulumikizana, kuchita ngati magulu a ukhondo. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, akazi ambiri ongodzipereka amene akufuna nkhondo kwawo ndi manja, kugonjera ntchito Baibulo, lomwe munali pempho kuwabweza ku kumuwombera imfa.

chilango

Zinali zovuta zokwanira. Akazi Imfa Battalion mu yoyamba ya padziko lonse anasonyeza chitsanzo cha kulimba mtima ndi kukonda dziko lako. The mfundo anali atalengeza:

• Mwamwayi, ufulu ndi ulemu wa Mama.
• Kukhulupirika ndi kulimba kwa chikhulupiriro ndi mzimu.
• Liwiro, opirira molondola ndi mwatsatanetsatane mu kuphedwa kwa madongosolo.
• mtima kwambiri ntchito pa mizere kutsogolo ndi kuona mtima wopanda.
• Ukhondo, kukoma mtima, waubwenzi, ulemu, kukondwera.
• Lemekezani maganizo a anthu ena.
• Khulupirirani mzake.
• Otchuka.

Akuti zosavomerezeka munthu chidani ndi makangano.

lothandiza

battalion akazi a imfa mu World Choyamba, osati nawo nkhondo. "Akazi asilikali" anali anakhoza kuphunzira ntchito wamwamuna. Mwachitsanzo, Mfumukazi Shahovskaya - yoyamba mkazi woyendetsa. Mu Germany mu 1912, iye linaperekedwa chilolezo woyendetsa a. Kumeneko, pabwalo la ndege Yohannistal, iye anagwira ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali monga mlangizi. Pa chiyambi cha nkhondo Shahovskaya apempha kutumiza ngati woyendetsa asilikali kutsogolo. Mfumu anavomera, ndi November 1914 Mfumukazi akutchedwa Mulingo wa chizindikiro choyamba gulu ndege. Chitsanzo china chidwi ndi Elena Samson. Iye anali mwana wa injiniya nkhondo, ndi golide Mendulo maphunziro a sekondale ndi maphunziro mu Peretburge. Chipatala mu Warsaw Samson ntchito monga namwino. Pambuyo pake, iye analembetsa monga woyendetsa la asilikali 9, kutsogolo kum'mwera kumadzulo. Komabe, wakhala akutumikira kumeneko yaitali - miyezi inayi, ndiyeno anatumiza kwa Moscow. Nkhondo isanayambe Samsonov analandira dipuloma woyendetsa sitima. Mu 1917, iye anatumizidwa ku 26 ndege detachment.

Chitetezo cha boma Provisional

Chimodzi cha "battalions mantha" (Choyamba Petrograd molamulidwa ndi Captain gloss) ndi cadets ndi madera ena mu October 1917 nawo kutetezeredwa Zima Palace. October 25, unit kuti ataima Levashov siteshoni, anali kupita pa Romania kutsogolo. Koma tsiku pamaso Loskovym adalandira kuti ndi kutumiza mbali ya "perete" mu Petrograd. Kwenikweni cholinga chake ndi kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha Provisional boma.

Glosses anaphunzira za vuto lenileni ndi sanafune kuchita atumiki ake mikangano ya ndale. Iye anabweretsa ku battalion Levashovo kupatula 2 makampani analipo anthu 137. Ndi awiri likulu mantha platoon wa chigawo Petrograd anayesa kugwiritsa Kulumikizana Foundry, Nicholas Palace ndi milatho. Koma ntchito inasokoneza oyendetsa sovietized. Otsala troopers mantha kampani lili kudzanja lamanja la chipata chachikulu pa pansi pa nyumba yachifumu. Usiku anasiya kuukira, iye disarmed. Atsikana anatengedwa kupita ku nyumba ya Pavlovsky poyamba, ndiyeno Grenadier Regiment. Malinga ndi malipoti ena, chiwerengero cha troopers mantha "kuzunzidwa". Kenako, komiti yapadera ya Petrograd Council City anatsimikiza kuti atsikana anayi ankagwiriridwa (ngakhale mwina zochepa anali wokonzeka kuti avomereze izo), ndi wina wadzipha. October 26 poizoni kampani kumbuyo mu Levashovo.

The squads liquidation

Pambuyo mapeto a October kuukira boma, boma latsopano la Soviet anatengera mfundo ya kukhazikitsa mtendere, ndi dziko kunja kwa nkhondo. Komanso, mbali ya asilikali anali Cholinga chake ndi kuthetsa ya mfumu Army. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, ndi "asilikali mantha" onse inasokonekera. Battalions inasokonekera November 30, 1917 ndi dongosolo la Council usilikali ali Utumiki kale. Ngakhale posachedwapa zisanachitike izo anauzidwa kuti apange nawo mayunitsi mongodzipereka yotumikira anamenyapo alonda. Komabe, ambiri asilikali adzimayi, atsikana anakhalabe mu dongosolo mpaka January 1918 ndipo kupitirira. Ena akazi anasamukira ku Don. Kumeneko anatenga mbali polimbana ndi Bolsheviks mu mabungwe mabungwe a White Army. Otsiriza a mbali zotsala za Kuban anali battalion chachitatu cha imfa. Iye anaika mu Ekaterinodar. Mphamvu ya inasokonekera okha February 26 1918. chifukwa chinali chakuti ndodo Caucasus dera kuonetsetsa anapitiriza kotunga unit.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe

Akazi amene akutumikira mu battalion Botchkareva pa kupindika ankavala khalidwe "mutu wa Adamu." Iwo, monga anyankhondo andzace, anatenga kufufuza mankhwala. Ngati amuna, akazi kudula tsitsi lawo pafupifupi dazi. Pa kumenyanako nawo akazi ndiponso woganizira wabweza kwa nthawi yoyamba mu mbiri ya khalidwe misa. Mu Russian asilikali kutsogolo zinali zoposa 25,000 akazi odzipereka. Tikuyenera wakutemwa ndi udindo kwa Lathu, kwachititsa anthu ambiri a ntchito. Khalani asilikali anasintha maganizo awo.

pomaliza

Nkosafuna kunena, pamene akazi woyamba battalion udindo wapadera a Kerensky. Iye ali woyamba ndi mfundo yoti. Mu adiresi Kerensky analandira nambala yaikulu opempha ndipo matelegalamu akazi amene anafuna kukhala nawo mbali. Iye analandira kwa mphindi misonkhano ndi zolemba zosiyanasiyana. Mu mapepala onsewa anasonyeza maganizo a akazi zina mapeto a dziko, komanso kufuna kuteteza dziko la kwawo, kuteteza ufulu wa anthu. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti kukhala wofooka ndi ofanana ndi manyazi. Akazi kufuna asilikali, anatsogolera yekha ndi chikondi cha dziko, amafunitsitsa kuukitsa makhalidwe a asilikali. Dipatimenti Main ya General Wogwila ntchito yapadera pa utumiki ntchito wakhala anapanga. Pa nthawi yomweyo likulu la zigawo asilikali ayamba khama kukopa odzipereka akazi a asilikali. Komabe, chikhumbo cha akazi kunali kwakukulu moti dziko anali ndi funde la chilengedwe mowiriza mabungwe asilikali.