Chinese ndalama. Chinese ndalama: maudindo. Chinese ndalama: chithunzi

N'chokwana pambuyo chuma Chinese kukula kwambiri kumawonjezera kufunika kwake mu dziko. Tiyeni tiwone mfundo ziti kudziwa kaonedwe lonse la ndalama PRC.

Dzina lolondola wa ndalama

N'chokwana - otchedwa Chinese ndalama mu dziko. Dzina limeneli, Komabe, sikuti ndithu zikugwirizana phokoso la ndalama Amalawi China yokha. Mu dziko la banknotes Chinese amatchedwa osati monga "RMB" (yomasulira - "ndalama za anthu"). Koma n'chokwana - ndi nauni, kutanthauza mfundo ndalama. Koma kufupika ndi euphony mawu Chinese anali kulawa ena, makamaka azungu.

Mfundo ISO, mkulu ndalama chizindikiro - CNY. N'chokwana chimodzi ( "RMB") ndi wofanana fenyam zana (dzina lawo mkati China ndi kwina kulikonse m'dziko ali yemweyo). Nawonso "khobiri" akhoza pamodzi mu Jiao - kakhumi kuposa lofanana (monga mu US "daimyo"). Choncho, ndalama China anawagawira motere: 1 n'chokwana = 10 Jiao, amene ali ofanana 10 fenyam. Komabe, mu kuchita, "khobiri" masitolo Chinese kuchipeza, chifukwa kuchotsedwa kufalitsidwa. Makobidi ambiri ndalama imodzi kapena zisanu Jiao. Komanso mu "zitsulo" ndi n'chokwana umodzi.

History n'chokwana

Monetary mbiri China unalembedwa zaka zikwi zingapo. Otchulidwa pa mawu akuti "katundu" "Ugule", kugulitsa "," kusinthanitsa "ndi kuyanjana nawo mwa tanthauzo la, malo, zimene zimasonyeza kuti nthawi ya kalekale. The ndalama woyamba m'lingaliro mwachizolowezi anatuluka mu m'dzikolo 5 m'ma BC. e. Choyamba, mu mawonekedwe a ingots yamkuwa (kapena mu mawonekedwe a zinthu yosavuta banja - fosholo, mpeni), ndiye panali ndalama Chinese.

Ndalama nthawi yofanana ndi Ulaya, pamodzi ndi zitsanzo mkuwa wodzilemekeza ndi kutsogolera zitsulo ndi mtundu, ndipo mulinso pepala ndalama kupezeka. M'kupita kwa nthawi, ndalama Chinese kakusintha "siliva" standardization, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa zaka mazana makumi awiri -. "Gold" Pamene chikominisi anayamba kulamulira, Bank of China unakhazikitsidwa. ndalama zonse zimene anali kupezeka mwa anthu, nkhani kuti achire ndi kuzizira renminbi wa - Chinese watsopano ndalama, yemweyo "ngongole anthu." anthu Nkhani yatsopanoyi anali mosamalitsa ankalamulira ndi boma.

mfundo kusinthitsa ndalama

Mpaka 1974, kusinthitsa ndalama za n'chokwana ya Chinese kugulitsana, kawirikawiri ndi mawu onena libisi, koma ndiye makoti akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachibale kwa dollar US. Mu 1994, boma anakhazikitsa chisanu wa renminbi kwa zolemba banki US mu chiŵerengero cha 8,27 1 renminbi "tonde", umene unatha zaka 11. Unachititsa kusakhutira pakati pa abwenzi ena malonda a China, kuphatikizapo United States. Akuluakulu Chinese akumana ndi mavuto chifukwa liberalization za ndondomekoyi ndalama, chifukwa malinga ndi nthumwi za mayiko ena, chifukwa mlingo wa n'chokwana otsika kuwombola, China adzakhala ndi mwayi likuvutika mphamvu kugula. Izi zilili mwina zikutsimikiziridwa ndi manambalawo: choimira malonda bwino United States ndi China kuposa $ biliyoni 160 mu 2004, ndipo mu 2005, anapitiriza kuwonjezeka. Koma m'chaka chomwecho, boma Chinese anathetsa "yozizira koopsa" Maphunzirowa. Komabe, monga mmene akatswiri ena, kuyambira n'chokwana anali akadali anamasulidwa tiwolokere momasuka ndipo kumapeto akanatha chongopeka m'munsi.

N'chokwana ndi Ruble

Pafupi mgwirizano zachuma pakati Russia ndi China chaka chilichonse chidwi kwambiri. Chinese ndalama, dzina lawo ndi mbali ya katchulidwe - osati zachilendo kwa Chitaganya cha Russia. Moscow ndi Beijing ndi kuyendetsa ntchito olowa pa zosiyanasiyana malo padziko lonse, kotero mogwirizana mu dera la ndalama lamulo kungathandize kwambiri mu mgwirizano malonda pakati pa maiko awiri. Tsopano ruble ndi Chinese ndalama amati kulolerana Wonenedwa mu mndandanda wa ndalama malo, koma malingana ngati izi sizichitika kuchita.

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, pakhala azimuth - kuthetsa mwagwirizana osati ndalama kapena mapaundi, ndi zolemba dziko banki. Mu 2010, ruble anayamba ankagulitsa pa Shanghai Stock Kusinthanitsa, ndi n'chokwana, nayenso - pa MICEX ndi RTS kuphana. owongolera National ndi zotsatira zosiyana pa mfundo za malonda. Bank chapakati China ali ndi malire molimba pa fluctuation wa n'chokwana pa katundu kuwombola mkati 0.5%. Bank of Russia, monga ulamuliro, zimakhudza malonda ntchito njira ndalama. N'chokwana mwa amalonda ndi kukula chidwi, pali thematic makonde mungapezeko msanga kumasulira Chinese Russian ndalama panopa mlingo kuwombola.

Chiyembekezo cha ndalama mu n'chokwana

Akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti RMB kusinthitsa ndalama ndi ndalama zakunja anachepetsa, kotero n'zomveka kuti aganyali mu Chinese banki cholembedwa ndi chiyembekezo kuti adzawuka m'tsogolo. Monga mchitidwe limasonyeza malonda ndalama, ndi n'chokwana ngati chikamakula, si mofulumira ngati tikufuna ndalama. Mwachitsanzo, poyerekezera ruble ndi akatswiri anati, RMB kuyamikira zaposachedwapa zasonyeza ndi kukula pachaka pafupifupi 8%.

Za phindu chomwecho angathe kubweretsa zonse banki gawo. Zachuma kuti aganyali n'chokwana ndi bwino okha nthawi zina. Choyamba, izo m'pofunika pa maulendo zonse kwa China. Kachiwiri, n'chokwana akhoza ankaona ngati "malo" ndalama kwa kusiyanitsa za ndalama mbiri. Chachitatu, madipoziti RMB mu zikhalidwe za mabanki Russian mulole bwino chidwi ndi Chinese okha, amene abwera zokopa alendo kapena malonda mu Russia.

N'chokwana ndi dola

Ubale wa n'chokwana ndi dziko lalikulu ndalama mwachionekere zimadalira mmene zinthu idzagwe ubwenzi mayiko opereka ndalama. Chimodzi mwa zinthu - chochuluka nkhokwe zachuma China imachitikira dollars. Zimadalira ngati Chinese apitiriza kugwira nkhokwe kuwombola yachilendo mwa dongosolo alipo, kapena angakonde kusiyanitsa mbiri ya. Mutu wa Bank ku Central la China anafuulira mfundo imeneyi pa mlingo nduna - kuti nkhokwe ya dziko lapansi silingathe zigwirizana okha a madola US. The zambiri atolankhani anaonekera kuti China ati kugulitsa za $ 2 thililiyoni "madola" kuchokera thililiyoni 3,04 alipo mokomera kusamukira zinthu zina zofunika zosagwirizana ndi US "wobiriwira." Akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti boma la China akungoyesera kukambirana zinthu mokondera kwa n'chokwana Chinese ndi kutembenukira ndalama kukhala ndalama malo pa ndime ndi dola.

The n'chokwana monga ndalama lonse

Zolinga za boma Chinese kuti n'chokwana dziko lalikulu ndalama, akatswiri amakhulupirira, molungama tsiku lofunika. Akatswiri ena ndalama kuyembekezera kuti mu zaka zingapo zotsatira, gawo la wotuluka malonda zakunja m'mayiko ena, China mu RMB mwina upambana 30%. Zamoyo za chithunzi ichi ndi chidwi: izo ziri tsopano pafupi 20%, pamene zaka zinayi zapitazo anali 3%.

Mu miyezi ya 2014, RMB kuyamikira Akuti zachuma anatenga 7 TH malo mu mndandanda wa ndalama wotchuka kwambiri mu dziko, patsogolo, makamaka kwa Franc Swiss. Pali kukula kufunika kwa ndalama ya RMB monga China wayamba womasuka ku misika dziko. Posachedwapa ku London panali ntchito anzake a ku Bank of England ndipo China - pakati kuthetsa kwa gulu la n'chokwana lapansi. Akatswiri kuyembekezera kuti ndalama Chinese adzakhala ndalama kwambiri pa mlingo dziko, koma sakutero chakuti iwo lidzaloŵa m'malo dola.

RMB kunja China

ndalama Chinese ndi kuyamba ntchito kumufotokozera mu malonda m'matangadza, mgwirizano, ndi zida zina ndalama. Zotsatira chidzakula kwambiri koposa ndi n'chokwana angakhale ndalama mpandadenga. RMB akuyamikira ndiye akupangidwa ku mayiko ena, "ndi Chinese" mbiri: Hong Kong (kumene chiwerengero cha madipoziti anafika 12% mu ndalama China, pamene mu 2008 - 1 yekha%), Taiwan, Singapore. M'maiko yotsirizira awiri ndi malo zikawonongeka wa malonda n'chokwana. Posachedwapa, Bank of China ndi Bank ku Central la Germany anasaina mgwirizano pa midzi mu ndalama Chinese.

Tanthauzo la ndale za n'chokwana ndi

China chimatengedwa ndi akatswiri ambiri, injini yaikulu ya chuma cha padziko lonse. China tsopano umabala, malingana ndi malo mawerengedwe, 10-15% ya GDP dzikoli. Anatsegula chikoka chuma China, motero yaikulu njira ndale, mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi malamulo ndalama za boma. Zachuma kukhulupirira kuti chiyembekezo cha m'dera lino kumatengera zifukwa zitatu.

• Choyamba, ndi internationalization - kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama monga chida cha mawu ndi mtengo wa m'dera ankayendetsa zachuma padziko lonse.
• Kachiwiri, izi convertibility - mlingo wa ulamuliro wa utuluke ndi outflows likulu.
• Chachitatu, izo ndi ntchito mabanki akunja monga ndalama malo.

Mmene boma Chinese amaphatikana zinthu zofunika pa malo amenewa zimadalira chiyembekezo kwa n'chokwana monga chida cha andale.