Bank of England: mbiriyakale ndi kufotokoza

Za mabanki onse chapakati Ulaya, Bank of England losaiwalika ulemu, ndipo pali zifukwa zabwino kwambiri. Ndipotu, ndi ngwazi awiri. Kupatula chakuti m'badwo wake ndiko kuposa European mabanki ina boma akumeneko, komanso ndi wamkulu bungwe ndalama lonse Albion. Nzosadabwitsa iye anabwera ndi dzina ankasewera a "Old Lady", motero inalangizanso kuti conservatism wake.

Kodi ndi pamene Bank ku Central la England linakhazikitsidwa

Mbiri ya bungwe ili kumayambira 1694. Ngakhale boma ndi mfumu ya England anafuna ngongole ndalama za nkhondo France. Mmodzi Scottish zachuma dzina lake William Peterson, anabwera ndi lingaliro kulenga wapadera bungwe chuma, zimene kusindikiza banknotes latsopano chotero kuphimba kuchepekedwa bajeti. Chifukwa cha kampani olowa katundu, eni omwe anali pafupifupi 1260 ma sheya hoda wakhala analenga, kuphatikizapo mfumu, ndi anthu angapo a Malamulo. Kukula kwa chigawo choyamba anakwana mapaundi mazana khumi ndi awiri, ndipo ndalama zimenezi zinali ngongole woyamba boma. Choncho panali Bank of England - bungwe, popanda zomwe n'zovuta kulingalira kodi dongosolo ndalama kwambiri UK ndi m'mayiko ena ambiri.

Mbiri ya mapangidwe

Poyamba, bungwe limeneli ali ndi ufulu apereke ngongole wotetezedwa, kuchita ntchito ndi ngongole malonda, nkhani ngongole wamalonda, kugula ndi kugulitsa golide ndi siliva. Mfumu sanali mphamvu yake mtheradi - kulandira ngongole, iye amayenera kutenga chilolezo cha nyumba yamalamulo. Izo ziyenera kuti mpaka 1979, chaka analibe malangizo alionse zoyendetsera ntchito za bungwe ili. Ndipo basi chaka chino, izo potsiriza atavomereza ndi lamulo zogwirizana, malinga ndi zimene Bank of England bungwe onse mabungwe ngongole, gawo kutenga. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, pambuyo afufuze aliyense amene amalandira udindo watsopano. Iwo amakhala mwina anazindikira mwa Bank of England, kapena makampani chiphatso kulandira madipoziti. Mu 1979 chomwecho, boma la dzikoli kutenga mu manja awo osafuna kusintha, kutsogozedwa ndi Margaret Thatcher, ndi cholinga ndiye ndondomeko ndalama. Control zochita za mabanki kuyendetsedwa ndi boma kudzera kugulitsa ndi kugula zolemba promissory. Ndiye pamabwera zaka 90, ndipo amaona kuti ndi zinthu zoti maopareshoni otsegula msika. The Bank of England, kukwaniritsa lamulo la Zachuma, amalowa wotuluka kuti zonse mlingo wa nkhokwe kuwombola yachilendo. Komanso akhoza ndipo ayenera kuthandizapo kulamulira mlingo wa ndalama dziko. Mu 1997, pakati Bank of England, ndi woyang'anira ndi finregulirovaniyu ndi Zachuma zinasaina memorandum, limene limafotokoza mfundo ndi zikhalidwe ntchito zawo yosalala, umalimbana kuonetsetsa mtendere chuma cha boma. Mu chaka chomwecho, mu May, banki chapakati amalandira boma ufulu wosankha zochita zawo monga kufunika chiwongola dzanja.

kasamalidwe

Mutu wa woyang'anira izi chuma bungwe (utumiki moyo - zaka 5), gawo la Directorate. Popanda iye mu gawo ili thupi mamembala 16, woikidwa ndi boma kwa zaka zitatu. 4 Director a ndodo ya Bank, pamene otsala 12 - ndi atsogoleri a magulu akuluakulu. Directorate ayenera kukumana kamodzi pa mwezi ndipo kuti athane ndi mavuto onse amene tikuyesera chokhudzana ndi ntchito za Bank. mafunso othandiza ndi kuthetsedwa pa mlingo wa Komiti ya Zachuma, chomwe 5 atsogoleri, bwana ndi wachiwiri wake.