Russian zipembedzo ndalama. Modern Russian banknotes

Bank tikiti ya Russia - njira yovomerezeka ya malipiro ntchito m'dziko lonse la Chitaganya cha Russia. Ufulu apereke banknotes wa Bank ku Central ali yekha. Iwo ndiotetezedwa ku counterfeiting mbali yapadera lodalirika pa kukhazikitsa zomwe ano luso zothetsera ntchito.

Unit ya muyeso wa solvency, amene zipembedzo Russian ndi Russian ruble monga ndalama dziko. Aliyense cholemba ndi mtengo logwirizana ndi mmodzi wa lokhazikika. Amenewa ndiyo solvency wa banknotes chipembedzo mu rubles Russian.

nkhani

Paper ndalama chaonekera Russia mu 1769. Iwo ankatchedwa mu zolemba ndipo umaimira kudzipereka limene mtumiki wa umakhoza ndalama kubanki ku yoyenera mwadzina kuchuluka. Mndandanda woyamba bwino kwambiri kutetezedwa counterfeiting - fakes zinalembedwa pamlingo mafakitale, zomwe zinachititsa kuti devaluation lapansi. Njira yaikulu ya malipiro anapitiriza ndalama: phindu anali apamwamba kwambiri, komanso kudziwa awo ndi anthu.

Mu 1818, tinayamba kuti chikalata ngongole chitsanzo latsopano la Russia. Amenewa anali banknotes chomwecho, koma khalidwe lawo linali n'chachikulu komanso chitetezo. Pepalalo linali kwambiri wandiweyani, panali watermarks. Kuti tipitirize patsogolo banknotes anakopeka akatswiri ambiri.

Zotsatira za nkhondo yapachiweniweni kunapezeka kuti zoipa: amasulidwe forgeries anawonjezera kuŵeta a "mmalo ndalama", umene ikuchitika ndi makonsolo monga m'madera akumidzi, ndipo analanda azungu. akayanjana ndi kutuluka kwa "ducats" yomwe inayamba mu 1922. The banknotes latsopano golide ndi chofunika thandizo, kotero kuti solvency awo kuti tikhale olimba (idaleka depreciation).

Utatha wa USSR

Utatha wa USSR kupezeka anali matikiti a Bank State, pamene Bank ya Russia anapitiriza anamasulidwa. Mu 1993, panali kusintha ndalama: State Bank of matikiti anayesedwa insolvent, m'malo ndi mndandanda woyamba wa Bank of Russia matikiti. Mndandanda wachiwiri wa anthu anamasulidwa chaka maonekedwe a banknotes ndi kakusintha ena kusintha.

Mu 1995, latsopano mndandanda wa banknotes linaperekedwa kachiwiri. Iwo ankawoneka monga banknotes ano Russian. Chachikulu kusiyana pakati pa awiriwa ali mwadzina: Series 1995, iye anali zikwi zikwi kuposa panopa ntchito.

Pambuyo 1998,

Mfundo yaikulu ya kusintha ndalama lotsatira ikuchitika mu 1998, anali mu chipembedzo. Ndiko - kusintha chipembedzo cha banknotes, kenako m'malo awo pang'onopang'ono koma wathunthu. Russia chikalata banknotes latsopano. maonekedwe awo ali pafupi kwathunthu mogwirizana ndi maonekedwe a zolemba banki ya nyemba mu chaka cha 1995. Anasintha manambala yekha ndi zinthu mpumulo, amasonyeza chipembedzo.

Bill akale, amene anali nkhope mtengo wa rubles 1,000, kuwombola yekha ndi ndalama latsopano, ulemu umene unali 1 ruble. 5-Ruble cholemba, kuchotsa akale asanu masauzande ankasiyana pang'ono zing'onozing'ono kukula. Chifukwa kufalitsa amphamvu mofulumira kutaya katundu, nchifukwa chake zotsatira posakhalitsa anasiya. M'kupita kwa zitsulo zake zinali kokha ofanana - 5-Ruble ndalama.

zosintha

Ngakhale khalidwe kwambiri ndi chitetezo, ndalama Russian zipembedzo anapitiriza ayenera kusinthidwa. Anthu sanali yaitali kubwera: kumanzere latsopano banknote zino. Choyamba zosintha onse okhudza chitetezo counterfeiting: counterfeiting mwayi kuwonjezeka zinachititsa kuti zikamera wa ndalama yabodza, kovuta kusiyanitsa anthu chenicheni.

Komanso, awiri mtundu banknotes latsopano pang'onopang'ono kuika mu makope. ulemu - 1,000 rubles ndi rubles 5000, motero. miyezo onse chitetezo atsopano "kuthamanga mu" iwo, kenako kuwonjezera ubwino wa mndandanda watsopano ndalama zocheperako. Kwa nthawi yaitali panali mphekesera zoti amakonzekera amasulidwe banknotes mu chipembedzo 10,000 Russian ulemu amenewa anali kukhala chifukwa cha zochitika atsopano m'munda wa chitetezo ndalama. Latsopano "khumi zikwi" silinakwaniritsidwe anatulutsidwa koma akupitiriza yolimbikira kusintha "thousandths" ndi "zisanu zikwizikwi".

Zizindikiro lodalirika (protections)

Russian pepala ndalama, panopa ntchito, ndiotetezedwa mwa ambiri a makhalidwe chapadera lodalirika. Akupeka ankalemba zimenezi ndi kovuta: amafuna wapadera mtengo zida, zida ndi nzeru zina. Choncho, chilengedwere zambiri ka fakes - neokupaemo ndi kukhazikitsa ulimi zikuluzikulu sizingatheke chifukwa zidzakhala zosavuta chilema. Funsani fakes osauka khalidwe si yovuta: zizindikiro zooneka lodalirika mwapadera, moti mukhoza kuzindikira ndi nzika wamba amene alibe zipangizo zina zapadera.

Sami zizindikiro lodalirika anawagawa m'magulu angapo. Ena kuoneka apoyera pa ngodya ena, pamene ena akupezeka HIV. Ena akhoza kuzindikira okha kuonekera mu atomu cheza cha osiyanasiyana ena.

chogwirika

Umboni wakuti gulu anazindikira pamene anakhudza. Woyamba wa anthu - khalidwe pepala. Low-khalidwe yabodza anazindikira yomweyo: izo amaona mosiyana zala. Komanso, pali banknotes anakweza zinthu cholinga kudziwa chipembedzo chawo anthu ndi masomphenya mkhutu. Zolemba "THE BANK CHIFUKWA CHA RUSSIA" mbali yakutsogolo ali ndi mpumulo kumveka kwa kukhudza.

Komanso, mu ulimi wa banknotes ija latsopano amagwiritsa ntchito chitetezo lonse mtunda, akubwera kuchokera pamwamba m'madera ena. Anthu anazindikira yosalala kwathunthu. The banknotes a chipembedzo mu 500, 1000 ndi 5000 rubles Mzere kuchoka m'dera padziko ali wokulirapo ndipo ali mu mawonekedwe a zenera yopapatiza ( "zenera papezeka").

looneka

zizindikiro zosonyeza lodalirika mwapadera. ngongole izi Bank of Russia ndi chiwerengero cha zinthu zimene angathe kuonedwa ndi apoyera. Ena a iwo amaoneka mbali iliyonse. Zina mwa chikhazikitso digito phindu mwadzina, anaikidwa mu ngodya wamanzere wa mbali kutsogolo. Linapangidwa wa utoto wapadera siliva.

Ndi mbali kuonekera lodalirika ndi kudziwa kuwagwiritsa ntchito n'kupanga zoteteza zimasintha mtundu, noticeable kuchokera pafupifupi mwanjila iliyonse. Other zizindikiro zosonyeza lodalirika angapezeke ndi kufufuza ndalama kwa kuunika, kapena kuchitira izo pa njira zina.

Kuonekera pa gleam ndi

Pofufuza banknote kuwala, n'zotheka kudziwa zinthu zingapo kapena lodalirika kudziwa chinyengo ndi kusapezeka kwawo. Woyamba kuonekera watermarks. Iwo zili pa munda zolemba kuwala, lamanzere ndi lamanja la fano lalikulu. Mmodzi wa awa chibwereza digito chipembedzo, winayo - kubwereza mbali ina ya chithunzi chachikulu. The chitetezo Mzere kuoneka ngati mzere olimba opaque.

Zizindikiro izi gulu likukhudza microperforation. Chotero umagwiritsidwa ntchito banknotes onse atsopano ndi zina zimangokhala za rubles 100 ndipo pamwamba. Iwo akhoza kudziwa kumanja kwa mbali yakutsogolo kwa banknote lapansi. Pa lumen ndi zooneka chiwerengero lolingana mtengo mwadzina ndi zopangidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mabowo ang'onoang'ono.

Looneka pansi kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino zina

Zizindikiro lodalirika, kuonekera pa kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino ena, dongosolo moiré zimapangidwa ndi zinthu optically variable inki ndi zithunzi zobisika. chitsanzo Moire akuyamba kuthima kunyezimira ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kusintha mbali ya view. Optically variable inki amapereka kuchita chimodzimodzi, koma kukuwalira ntchito yomweyo lonse chithunzi amafotokozera. Njirazi ndiotetezedwa, inakhazikitsa mu 2004, Russian bilu ina.

Chithunzi zobisika angapezeke pa Mzere yokongola, ngati inu mutayang'ana pa cholemba atagona lathyathyathya pamwamba pa mlingo diso. Amenewa amatchedwa Kipp: chitsanzo aumbike kotero kuti kusiyana amafotokozera hue ndi wapezeka yekha pa njira anakonzeratu.

wapezeka hardware

Ena mbali chitetezo anathandiza pa banknotes Russian, angathe kuonedwa yekha ndi zipangizo zina zapadera. Choyamba, kuphatikizapo ulusi chitetezo ophatikizidwa mu pepala. Iwo ali bwino kuonekera kuwala ultraviolet, komanso ena zinthu za chifanocho. Tags pano ndi infuraredi, zooneka kuwala pamene nyali infuraredi.

Kuwonjezera kuonekera osiyanasiyana ena, ndi makhalidwe zimadziŵika hardware monga zinthu chithunzi ochepa: microtext ndi zina zosiyanasiyana. Iwo akhoza wapezeka kudzera mwa magnifier mokwanira amphamvu. Komanso, ena mbali za padziko banknotes agwira ndi dongosolo wapadera ndi katundu maginito. Pakuti zolemba amenewa lodalirika kuti atsimikizidwe mau hardware yoyenera.