Winston Churchill (Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill). Wambiri, photos, chidwi mfundo

Mu mbiri ya XX atumwi anasiya kwambiri kufufuza anthu amene anatenga kusankha fateful anthu. Pakati pa anthu andale otchuka malo awo molimba amatenga Winston Churchill - mtumiki British yaikulu, wolemba, Nobel, mmodzi wa odana ndi Hitler atsogoleri Mgwirizano, odana ndi chikominisi, woyambitsa aphorisms ambiri akhala mapiko, wokonda ndudu zazikulu ndi zakumwa amphamvu, ndipo anthu ambiri ochititsa chidwi.

chifanizo Chake amadziwika nzika anzathu pa zopelekedwa kanema ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, anagwidwa pa Yalta, Tehran ndi Potsdam misonkhano. Iwo ali pakati pa mamembala ena a "Big atatu" anasolola chidwi cha chithunzi zonse, yokutidwa ndi usilikali jekete khaki, wosakongola, koma munthu wokongola kwambiri ndi maso ozama. Izi zinali zodabwitsa, Winston Churchill, buku kuwerenga za lero, ndipo ngakhale kuwombera mafilimu kuti kutsegula masamba sankadziwa za mbiri yake. Zinthu zina kukhala chinsinsi lero.

Kubadwa ndi banja

Kumapeto kwa November 1874 Marlborough kukonzekera mpira mu nyumba yachifumu ya Duke wa Blenheim. Iye akufuna kuphunzira Lady Churchill. Lake mtima, koma iye anaumirirabe, zimene zinachititsa kuti nthawi zina kusokoneza soiree. Ndi momwemo chinachitika kuti Winston Churchill anabadwa pa malaya phiri akazi, zipewa ndi outerwear zina, mwazisiya mu mulu mu chipinda akutumikira monga alendo zinawonongeka zovala.

Maphunziro ndi ginger wodula bwino lomwe si wokongola kwambiri mwana chinkhoswe makamaka wantchito Everest. Mmene mayi ameneyu pa mfundo m'tsogolo yaikulu, ndipo chithunzi iye nthawi zonse anali malo apamwamba mu maudindo onse anagonjetsedwa ndi iwo, mwachionekere, mpaka kumapeto a moyo kuyerekezera zochita zawo alonjeza malangizo ake abwino. Kotero ine akuyamikira yake Winston Churchill, amene yonena limasonyeza kuti namwino anali ndi ufulu anthu ndi anzeru.

Sukulu, unyamata

Prodigy pang'ono Winston sanali. Ngakhale ali ndi kukumbukira kwambiri, koma ntchito yokhayo imene zinali zosangalatsa kuphunzira phunziro. Mawu, mnyamatayo anali choncho kotero, ena mwa makalata iye anali analankhula, koma izo zinali zosiyana verbosity. Pakuti sayansi yeniyeni, Chigiriki ndi Chilatini, iye anasonyeza mphwayi, koma English mbadwa ankakonda kuchita ndi mtima wonse.

A mbadwa ya m'banja lolemera ndipo anali kuphunzira mu sukulu yapadera. Chinali mwayi bungwe 'Ascot, kumene Winston Churchill anakhala zaka zingapo. Pamenepo mnyamata kunditumiza ku sukulu "Harrow" mlingo wokweretsa, kotchuka chifukwa mwambo yaitali. Makolo adakhulupirira kuti mwana wa nyenyezi kuchokera Kumitambo si kokwanira, koma momwe izo zinaliri, ndi choncho anasankha ntchito ake ankhondo. The apamwamba apakavalo sukulu "Sandhurst" wachifumu asilikali a mnyamatayo anali okhoza kulowa mu 1893, kokha kachitatu. Patapita zaka ziwiri bambo ake anamwalira. Smer kwa mwana wa makolo okondedwa ndi wokondedwa kukhala imfa kwambiri, ngakhale ena kusamvana mangawawo. Childhood chatha, mnyamata inasanduka munthu wamkulu.

Chiyambi cha ntchito aphungu

Kukhala chuma maphunziro apamwamba, udindo wa mkulu chabwino chiyambi, Winston Churchill, amene yonena monga ndale atayamba, anapambana chisankho aphungu mu 1900. Ngakhale kuti iye anathawa kuchokera ndiwofatsa Party, ndi chifundo iwo ziwonetsere, kani, ndi otsutsa ake - olekerera. kutsutsana Zimenezi zimaonekera chakuti iye mwini kumatanthauza udindo wake monga "palokha ndiwofatsa," chomwe chinamupangitsa mavuto ambiri, komanso ulemu kwa mzere ngati khalidwe analinso. Kusagwirizana ndi mamembala chipani analenga ena kumuyalutsa, amene anathandizapo pa yofunika kwambiri mu mabwalo ndale. Chifukwa chakuti pa mawu ake, parliamentarians zambiri, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale Nduna yekha, demonstratively anasiya chipinda msonkhano, Winston Churchill chinaoneka ndi Lloyd George. Mu 1904 iye anasiya tithe ndiwofatsa.

Mtumiki wa madera

Kazembe waluso polankhula chidwi, ndipo maganizo chifukwa cha mgwirizano ndi aphungu osiyana sanali akuchedwa kubwera. Anthu amene sanali chidwi Churchill, iye wonse akukankhira padera, koma mu 1906 anavomera kukhala mtumiki woyang'anira zochitika za ankawalamulira. Phindu la magawo kunja kwa ubwino wa Ufumu wa Britain unali waukulu, ndi kale akuwonetseredwa mfundo wakutemwa, m'kukoma zinthu zofuna za mphamvu pamwamba kwambiri kuposa. The zotsatira za ntchito kwa nthawi yochepa anasonyeza kuti chidwi kwambiri, koma akhala akuyesa anaona ndipo anayamikira pa mlingo wapamwamba, kuphatikizapo chilengedwe cha Edward VII ndi mfumu yekha.

The ndale mu 1908 inathera ndi mosanyinyirika kwa Nduna Campbell Bannerman, amene malo posakhalitsa Asquith. Iye anapereka kupita Churchill Royal asilikali apanyanja, koma anakana. Nkhondo posachedwapa ndi anaoneratu, ndipo popanda udindo wa nduna ya Navy sanalonjeze kutchuka. Pankhani anachita wina mtumiki boma positi inali yofanana, ngakhale kuti chifukwa chosiyana, nkhaniyi inali si chidwi Churchill. Koma malonda iye ankafuna kuchita, ngakhale koyamba kuti sanalonjeze benefiti ndyale.

ukwati

Winston Churchill kalekale wotanganidwa kwambiri ndi zandale, kuti anzake kale kukayikira kuti iye konse kapena kukwatiwa, koma iwo anali kulakwitsa. Ngakhale kuposa wodzichepetsa deta kunja ndi okhazikika boma wakewo, iye anapeza mwayi timudziwe bwino msungwana wokongola kwambiri, chithumwa ake (mwachionekere, nzeru komanso momveka bwino) ndi kutsogolera ku guwa. Mwana Dragoon kapitawo Akol - Clementine Hoze - anali wokongola aumbike, anzeru bwino zinenero ziwiri yachilendo (ma German, French). zolinga zadyera Winston sankakhoza ngakhale akuganiza eni malirime kwambiri zoipa: malowolo pafupifupi sanali, koma, ndithudi, makhalidwe a mkwatibwi ndi ake olemekezeka Chi-Irish.

Mlembi wa Mkati

Mu zaka sate-faifi Churchill anakhala nduna ya lamulo, kutenga mmodzi wa malo ofunika mu ufumuwo. Tsopano iye ankayenera kuti akhale ndi udindo apolisi likulu, milatho, misewu, ndende ulimi ndi nsomba. Ndi udindo wa nduna za Mkati, malinga ndi zaka English mwambo, amaphatikiza ndi kukhalapo singasiyanitsidwe pa kubadwa mu banja lachifumu, kulalikidwa kwa wolowa ku Mpandowachifumu, kulemba malipoti pa ntchito ya Malamulo, zomwe zinathandiza Churchill kuti akuonetsa luso lawo zolembalemba pa mlingo wapamwamba. iye anachita ndi chimwene.

Madzulo a nkhondo yaikulu

chakuti "ozizira" nkhondo pakati pa mayiko olemera ndi madera mosatsata Germany ndi Austria-Hungary posakhalitsa kapena kenako anadzakhala mkangano "otentha", winawake kukayika, koma osati Winston Churchill. Pamaziko a deta analandira kuchokera kufufuza ndi akatswiri pa nkhani chitetezo, izo zinali kwa nduna yaikulu memorandum pa nkhani asilikali ku Ulaya, anati kusapeŵeka lenileni la nkhondo pafupi. Pambuyo pake, utsogoleri dziko limeneli ngati castling, swapping McKenna ndi Churchill, chifukwa cha zomwe mlembi wa inauzidwa zilipo zombo, amene poyamba anakana. Zinali mu 1911, zochitika yoopsa akamayamba. Ndi ntchito za kukonzekera adziwitse Royal Navy panyanja nkhondo mtumiki latsopano anafunsira.

The nkhondo yoyamba

Mawu a nkhondo asilikali kumatanthauza ndi boma British molondola chokwanira. Ochiritsira ayendetsa panyanja mu 1914 anali zimafika, chobisika yolimbikitsa tsankho ikuchitika, pambuyo perete miyambo ya July zombo 17 sanatumize anthu kuti malo awo analamula kalekale, ndipo mwa dongosolo la Admiralty anapitiriza maganizo awo. Pambuyo pa mliri wa nkhondo ndi ku Central Mphamvu Russia Churchill anatenga udindo kulengeza yolimbikitsa zonse za zombo, popanda kuyembekezera chigamulo boma. Mayendetsedwe zingawatayitse iye kuchotsedwa wake, koma zonse kunapezeka, chigamulo ufuluwu ndi tsiku pambuyo zochita zake anali naye. Wachinayi wa August, Britain kulengeza nkhondo pa Germany ndi Austria-Hungary.

moyo unawonongedwa

Events wa World Choyamba zimadziwika bwino: akadzagonjetsedwa Germany ndi kugwa kwa Austria ndi Hungary kwa dziko, makamaka ku Europe, anakumana ndi vuto la kufalikira kwa chikominisi. Odana ndi Marxist malo amene Winston Churchill anatenga mawu a wake pa nkhani amasonyeza chikhulupiriro mu kufunikira kuononga Bolshevik boma ku Russia. Koma West zachuma emaciated zaka zinayi kukaphedwa, sanali okonzeka alowererepo zikuluzikulu asilikali. Chifukwa cha kulephera kwa nkhondo atsogoleri chikominisi cha ku Ulaya demokalase kenako padziko lonse anakakamizika kuzindikira Soviet boma. Churchill ntchito pa positi kwa Nduna ya nkhondo mu 1921 anakhala sekondale. Izi, kumene, anam'lakwira, koma vuto linali patsogolo. Mu chaka chomwecho izo akavutika weniweni: Imfa yoyamba ya mayi (ndipo iye sanali akale, zaka 67 zokha), ndiye zaka ziwiri mwana Merigold.

Khama ndi mphamvu, komanso ntchito yatsopano zathandiza banja achire m'khutu awiri chisoni. Churchill kachiwiri anakhala nduna ya midzi yawo, koma chisankho mu 1922 mapeto zoopsa: munyumba ya malamulo, asagwe. Churchill wasankha kumasuka pang'ono ndi mkazi wake France. Zinaoneka kuti ntchito yake yatha.

Back yamalamulo

Mu zoyambirira za makumi ndi Churchill anali wamphamvu zandale mdani - Bonar Chilamulo, amene anali nduna yaikulu. Mu 1923, iye anadwala kwambiri ndipo ambiri salinso anachira. Ndi Baldwin - mtsogoleri watsopano wa osafuna kusintha - wandale manyazi anatha kulankhula, koma choyamba anayesa awiri Aphungu alephera kubwerera. Pa nthawi yachitatu, iye anabwerera ku msonkhano kulemekezedwa, athana ndi kupambana chigawo Epping ndipo nthawi yomweyo analandira mpando nduna ya zachuma. Mu 1929 Labor Party m'malo osafuna kusintha mu mphamvu, ndi khumi yogwira chikhalidwe Churchill sanathe kufotokoza. Iye sakanakhoza kutsatira zimene zikuchitika Germany, zomwe m'ma mmasate bwino nakhalanso chuma ndi nkhondo, kukhala yoopsa mdani kwa Britain.

ziyembekezo prewar

Ochepa andale British kuzindikira udindo wa ndege ku nkhondo imene ikubwera akuya Winston Churchill. Photos ndi newsreels, analanda Neville Chamberlain akukupiza pangano Mukalowa mu Munich, zopelekedwa umboni wa zinthu motayirira wa peacekeepers ndiye European, kufika zokambirana za Nazi Germany mu theka lachiwiri la mmasate lapansi.

Pa nthawiyi n'kuti Britain zaka ziwiri zinthu boma komiti chinsinsi polimbana ndi ulamuliro wa phindu la mphamvu chitetezo cha boma. Tambala wake anali Winston Churchill, amene mawu za chiyembekezo chokondweretsa Hitler ankasiyana mtima woipa. Iye anali wolemekezeka maganizo paradoxical ndi sagwirizana nazo, kukangana kuti kuyang'ana patali kwambiri mtsogolo, anthu lalifupi woona kuchita. Winston adalipo kuthana ndi mavuto mwamsanga ndi ofunika. Makamaka, chifukwa kwakukulukulu khama la Komiti ya Royal Air Force pamene nkhondoyo ali womenya ndege "Spitfire" ndi "mphepo yamkuntho" chimene chingathe kupirira "Messerschmitt".

Chabwino ora, nkhondo yachiwiri ndi Germany

Pambuyo kuukira Poland ndi kulengeza nkhondo Germany mu 1939 zaka pafupifupi ziwiri Britain anamenyana Hitlerism yekha. Tsiku June 22, 1941 kuti Churchill tchuthi. Kuphunzira za kuukira German pa USSR, anazindikira kuti nkhondo tinganene kuti anapambana. Winston Churchill, amene yonena anali zogwirizana ndi kulimbana ndi chikominisi, anafuna kanthu panthawi imeneyo momwe bwino Red Army. Kukhala ndi vuto kwambiri zachuma, United Kingdom wapereka thandizo nkhondo Soviet Union, kupereka katundu wa asilikali. Luso nsembe zikhulupiriro zake chifukwa cha dziko lawo ndi chizindikiro cha patriot woona ndi wandale wanzeru. Komabe, zopatuka izi maganizo zosakhalitsa ndi musanaganizire. Ananena ndi kusonyeza chifundo kwa boma la Soviet Union m'malo ndi amadana nafe ndi chiyambi cha msonkhano "Big atatu" mu Potsdam.

Pa nthawi ya nkhondoyo, makhalidwe volitional ali kuwonetseredwa bwino kwambiri. Ndinali nazonso ndi Winston Churchill. Wambiri mwa iye zaka analowa gawo yowala, izo mwangwiro Chili waluso polankhula ndi luso chilolezo nkhani asilikali ndale ndiponso zachuma. Concise, mawu ake anali ovuta kuitana komanso ena mawu ake ambiri, boma la Britain anapeza analibe: chidaliro mu chigonjetso ndi mizimu yabwino. Komabe, mmodzi wa aphorisms wake anenepo maganizo awo chete zambiri chizindikiro kuti munthu pachabe kunena. Iye kamodzi anati kuti anthu okhawo a Albion amasangalala chakuti zinthu zoipa. Panalibe mfundo ku United Kingdom, womwe wakhala wotchuka kwambiri, monga Winston Churchill. Quotes zokamba zake zapita mzake kuvutika chifukwa cha mabomba ndi nkhawa anthu London ndi Coventry, Liverpool ndi Sheffield. Ambiri amakakamizidwa kumwetulira. Lidali ora nduna yaikulu.

pambuyo nkhondo,

Wachiwiri World nkhondo itatha. Winston Churchill kutsanzika pa mapeto a May 1945, nagawira izo kwa ndiwofatsa Party pa mavoti pachisankho chotsatila. Chabwino, ichi ndicho demokalase Western, umene posachedwapa, koma kale zikayenda sangaone. Aphorisms a Winston Churchill pa fomu iyi ya boma amasiyana dumbo wapadera, kufika kwa olamulirawo. Kotero, iye kwambiri ndithu ananena kuti demokalase ndi zabwino zokha zokha kuti njira zina zonse za kuyendetsa dziko oipitsitsa, koma kusiya pa izo, basi zokwanira kukhala ndi nkhani zazing'ono ndi "anthu oponya mavoti avareji."

Komabe, kuopseza kuti mayiko ambiri adzakhala oipitsitsa, anali weniweni nkhondo itatha. Stalinist chikominisi anasamukira pa dziko, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana - kuchokera mphamvu mochenjera wonyenga. Chidani anayamba nthawi yomweyo pambuyo kugonjetsa fascism, koma zinali zodzaza ndi kulankhula mu mzinda US a Fulton, kuti mu 1946, pa March 5, ndendende zaka seveni asanamwalire Iosifa Stalina, Winston Churchill anati. Chidwi mfundo ndi coincidences anatsagana naye pa moyo wake. Maganizo wandale British anali zokhudzana ndi "Amalume Joe", monga andale Western otchedwa Soviet mtsogoleri Joseph Stalin. Kudana ndi kukana malingaliro Marxist ophatikizana Churchill ndi ulemu weniweni kwa umunthu chabwino cha munthu, kale angakuthandizeni ake, mdani.

Chidwi ndi chiŵerengero ya nduna yaikulu mowa. Malinga ndi iye, iye anadzuka kumwa kuposa anapereka. Mu ukalamba, Churchill adaseleula motere naye kuti ngati sanamwe pamaso chakudya unyamata wake, koma tsopano iye ali ulamuliro wina: Mulimonsemo osati kutenga chakumwa zakumwa pamaso kadzutsa. Malinga ndi takumbukira mdzukulu wake, agogo anayamba tsiku ndi kapu ya mowa (osati amenewa gawo laling'ono), koma ataledzera sanaone aliyense ndi konse. Kumene, makhalidwe awa sayenera onyenga, koma, Mwambi Russian akuti, ku mawu nyimbo sangathe kufufuta.

ntchito chidwi ndi mabuku amene analembedwa ndi Winston Churchill. Buku limatiuza za nkhondo ndi atsamunda, makamaka pa ntchito imene Afghanstan ndi Boer, polimbana chikominisi dziko, komanso zina zambiri zochitika m'mbiri yakale yomwe wolemba nawo. Malemba amasiyana kalembedwe kwambiri ndi nthabwala wochenjera chibadidwe munthu chapadera.

Premiership Churchill nawo mwayi kugwira kawiri. Mugawo asogolera boma la Britain mu zaka 1951 mpaka 77 zakubadwa. ukalamba bwanji chikhalidwe ambiri a thupi, pa izi zinali zovuta kwambiri. "Bwana Winston Churchill" - kotero mu 1953, mnyamata Elizabeth II - latsopano mfumukazi ya England - kupereka iye Order ya Garter, ayenera kutsatira mtumiki yaikulu. ulemu wochuluka malamulo British Musapereke. Iye anakhala Knight, ndi udindo wapamwamba chikhalidwe imatengedwa kukhala mfumu.

Tsalani bwino ndale!

Zochitikazo ndi chophimba mwachinsinsi za mmene chinatsalira kwa ndale zazikulu, Winston Churchill. Mwachidule mbiri, kuphunzira asukulu British ndi ophunzira, amene amapereka malangizo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa yosiya wake popanda kukomeza kwambiri mu 1955. Kuchotsedwa mphamvu anali pang'onopang'ono kwa pafupifupi miyezi inayi. Kulemekeza, kulemekeza ndiponso luso kukuonetsedwa kasamalidwe pamwamba pa UK pa ndondomekoyi, akuyenera anatchulidwa mwapadera. Lonse moyo mfundo wakhala anadzipereka kutumikira kwawo ndi kusamalira zofuna zake zokha, ndipo izi amaona mphoto zambiri (onse achifumu ndi achilendo).

Great Churchill anakhala zaka khumi. Nyengo yatsopano, nkhondo Vietnam, akutali, achinyamata anapita openga mafano awo, "anagubuduza Stone" ndi "The Beatles" kugonjetsa dziko, "maluwa ana" - hippies - alalikira za chikondi chonse, ndi zonse zinali yosiyana svetsko- moyo ndale za chiyambi cha m'ma, mnyamata Winston anayamba ulendo utali ndale.

Iye anafa akamaionetsa koyamba kwambiri kumayambiriro 1965. Zobiriwira Mipikisano tsiku kutsanzikana mwambo si otsika kuti chofunika wa maliro achifumu. mpumulo wake malo komaliza Churchill anapeza wotsatira makolo ake nthawi zonse oyang'anira tauni manda ku Blandon.