Mapangidwe Asilavo limati: mawu, zochitika ndi zifukwa. Woyamba limati Asilavo

anthu Asilavo anafika m'dera la Nyanja Black mwamsanga lachitatu Zakachikwi BC. mofulumira kwambiri iwo wotanganidwa m'mayiko ambiri. Kodi iwo anachokera, amene makolo athu? Pamene woyamba boma Asilavo? Tiyeni tione nkhani zimenezi.

prehistory

Kamodzi woyamba Zakachikwi BC, Asilavo anthu atakhazikika mu madera awo, ndipo anayamba kupanga boma, iwo ankadziwika pang'ono. Olemba mbiri ndiponso asayansi-ofufuza zochokera pa umboni, akukhulupirira kuti makolo athu katswiri timapepala mokwanira lalikulu la dziko, kuphatikizapo Balkans ndi Eastern Europe.

mudziwe Official za mafuko anatembenukira kwa woyamba boma Asilavo, ankaona mbiri m'ma chiwiri Khristu. Pa izi formations zikuluzikulu anakumbukira mogwirizana ndi chakuti malo ozungulira anthu ena amene anali kuyesera kuti adzawathamangitsa iwo.

Mapangidwe Asilavo limati: mbalume Table zikamera

Ngakhale asayansi ambiri akupanga nkhaniyi, maganizo awo kwakukulukulu ofanana. Pali atatu okha ziphunzitso zimafotokoza mmene panali woyamba East Asilavo boma. Tiyeni tione iwo mwatsatanetsatane, komanso kupeza yemwe ambiri mwachangu anakhalabe ndipo anayamba ziphunzitso izi:

payokha

Ife tikuyang'ana pa chiphunzitso kwambiri lililonse. Yokwana 80% ya olemba mbiri amakono amavomereza kuti mapangidwe Asilavo limati anayamba zopangira yokha. Zinali mgwirizano waukulu wa mafuko angapo. Tidawalenga kuti athe ichitikire kudziteteza mitundu yonse ya adani, amene ankati ndi nthaka yachonde. The Union anali mbali ina, osachepera zabwinobwino. Mafuko, wotchedwa Mphamvu Inde, wonse mapulani anawazunza midzi lakutali.

Pa kapangidwe ake anali mafuko amene ankakhala pa dera la makono:

• Moravians,

• Serbia,

• Czechs,

• Slovaks,

• Croatia.

Likulu la ubale anali muluwani Visegrad. Iye anayima pa mtsinje Morava. Dzina la protogosudarstva lake analandira m'malo mwa mtsogoleri. Self anakwanitsa adzalumikizana pansi pa lamulo kamodzi-anamwazikana mafuko.

Mtsogoleri wa malamulo a zaka makumi atatu, kuyambira chaka 623 mpaka 658. Iye anatha iyende kwambiri. Phatikizani mu boma limodzi ndi mafuko osiyanasiyana ndithu. Koma kunapezeka kuti mphamvu zonse wakhala kugwirizana okha wachikoka a mtsogoleri. Pa nthawi imeneyi, pamene mtsogoleri anafa, ndipo unatha.

ufumu Chibugariya

Mapangidwe Asilavo limati - sikutha yaitali. Zinali amasiya intervals, kubwerera ku dziko pachiyambi. Pambuyo Mphamvu yokha odukaduka m'chaka 658, ndi tizigona yaitali. Iwo ankafunika mu 681, pamene kutchula koyamba za ufumu Chibugariya.

Monga m'badwo mmbuyo, ndi mtundu wa mgwirizano umene mafuko zigawenga ogwirizana. Chotero mgwirizano chinali zaphindu kwa iwo analanda magawo atsopano. Ufumu Chibugariya inkakhala mafuko a Asilavo ndi Turkey. Kuyambira kudalirana ngati ali kale m'zaka za chakhumi, pali Chibugariya National.

8-9 m'ma kugwa chitukuko wapamwamba wa Ufumu. Pa nthawi yomweyo Asilavo ali wamphamvu mitundu gulu m'madera amenewa. Mukhale chikhalidwe, mabuku, zomangamanga. Chibugariya Ufumu ndi mu Nkhondo yogwira ndi Byzantium.

Zikamera wa limati Asilavo anali disadvantageous kwambiri chifukwa cha izo. Ufumu wa Byzantine asangalala ndi kulimbikitsa chuma chawo kumtunda, koma mwadzidzidzi anafika kukana chokhwima.

Mu heyday wa ufumu wa mkulu wake anali Simeon. Iye adakwanitsa kupambana kumbuyo gawo pa Nyanja Black ndi kulenga zazikulu Preslav.

Pambuyo mfumu yamwalira, anthu anayamba nkhondo mkati boma. Aliyense ankafuna kuti akathyole fuko m'gawo lake bwino ndi yokulirapo.

Mu 1014 anapita ku mapeto a ufumu Chibugariya. Chokumana ndi nkhondo mkati, asilikali ake anagonjetsa mfumu Byzantine mosavuta. Basil II, anagonja khungu asilikali 15,000. Mu 1021 likulu anagwidwa ndi Chibugariya Ufumu wa Srem. Pa nthawi yomweyo boma si.

Moravia

Kutsatira nthawi chimango imene mapangidwe limati Asilavo, anali Wamkulu Moravia. Mphamvu anaonekera monga pofuna kudziteteza kwa adani mdani wa mafuko Germany m'zaka za m'ma. Pa nthawi yomweyo anayamba kulankhula ndi feudalisation achiwawa Europe. alimi ambiri yaing'ono ndayesera kuti athawire ku Moravia ndi pamodzi ndi anthu akuderalo bungwe kukana amphamvu knightly otchuka. mafuko Omwazikana kale anagwirizana.

Pa Svjatopolka mu boma m'gulu: Pannonia, Czech Republic, Slovakia ndi Poland Minor. Monga mitundu yapita Asilavo, mu Moravia panalibe ulamuliro chapakati. Ambiri ankachokera mgwirizano madera anakhalabe pansi mtsogoleri wawo kapena mfumu. Anakhala likulu la Velehrad.

Mu 863 Moravia anafika Akristu oyambirira pamodzi ndi Cyril ndi Methodius. Iwo anakopa wamphamvu pa mapangidwe kulemba boma ndi magulu onse Asilavo.

Moravia unafalikira moyo wake ndi ulamuliro wa Svyatopolk. Pamene Bishop anamwalira, ndi iye anathera ndi boma. Mbali imeneyi si zachilendo dongosolo yonse yakale ya Asilavo. Pa dera la Moravian kale anaukira Magyars, ndipo pambuyo pawo - ndi wongosamukasamuka. Slovakia anachoka ku Hungary, Czech Republic ndi chiyambi cha moyo paokha.

Kievan Lazaro

Mapangidwe limati Asilavo zinachitika mu nthawi zingapo. Kievan Lazaro anali wamphamvu kwambiri kuposa mayiko Chikristu chisanayambe. Mpheroyi wa Asilavo kum'mawa. Iwo anali ogwirizana boma limodzi m'zaka 8-9. Center wa Kievan Lazaro anali mu mzinda wa Kiev. A mbiri mwatsatanetsatane za mphamvu anafotokoza ndi mbiri Nestor mu "The nthano ya makedzana Zaka".

Dziko wakhala kubera Christianity, kugwa kwa Ufumu wa Byzantine, anthu wosamukasamuka, amene anali ku Mongolia kutsogoleredwa ndi Genghis Khan. Mu 1054 mu kapangidwe kake panali mafuko onse a kum'mawa Asilavo. Kievan Lazaro unasweka mu 1132.

Mapangidwe Asilavo limati: Asilavo tebulo kuthetsa

Malinga ndi madera awo otanganidwa, Asilavo anagawidwa kumadzulo, kum'mawa, ndi kum'mwera. A iwo kenako kupatutsa mafuko ndi chinenero chawo, chikhalidwe ndi miyambo inakhazikitsidwa. limati Asilavo anatuluka ndi mgwirizano wa mafuko laling'ono, limene anagawana mu:

Monga mukuonera, anthu Asilavo zaka masauzande ambiri anapita ndi kuti, kupanga awo, phunziro mosayang'ana boma. njira iyi anali zaminga, nthawi zambiri akhoza udzasokonezedwa Koma izi sizinachitike. Tsopano, makolo athu akhoza kunyadira ife, monga mphamvu lero potsiriza ufulu wodzilamulira ndi kuzindikira ndi anansi ake.