Tribal Union ya kum'mawa Asilavo. 15 mapangano fuko

Pali ziphunzitso zambiri za chiyambi cha Asilavo. Pa Wamkulu Ataliatali yaikulu chiwerengero cha mafuko a kum'mawa ndi chigawo chapakati ku Ulaya, ikulowera kumadzulo. malingaliro osiyanasiyana akusonyeza kuti Asilavo anachokera ku Antes, ndi wends sklavenov mu V-VI zaka. M'kupita kwa nthawi, misa lalikulu m'magulu atatu: kumadzulo, kum'mwera ndi kum'mawa. oimira otsiriza anakakhala wamakono Russia, Ukraine ndi Belarus.

Kum'mawa Asilavo anali anthu amodzi. Izi sizinali zotheka chifukwa kusiyana nyengo ndiponso kukhala malo abwino. Panali 15 mabungwe mafuko a kum'mawa Asilavo. Ngakhale ubwenzi wachibale ndi umakhala pafupi ubale awo sanali nthawi wochezeka.

Chifukwa chomasuka gulu, ofufuza zambiri m'magulumagulu mabungwe mafuko a kum'mawa Asilavo. Tebulo adzakuthandizani kumvetsa maina ambiri a chisanadze zithunzi za mayiko. Mu IX-X zaka zambirimbiri. iwo onse ogwirizana Russia motsogozedwa ndi akalonga Kievan.

Kumpoto mapangano fuko

Mu kumpoto kwa ecumene amene ankakhala Slovenia. Mu historiography komanso Anapitirizabe tanthauzo la "Ilmen" - mutu wa nyanja, kuzungulira yomwe yakhala. Kenako, mzinda waukulu wa Novgorod uwoneka pano, anakhala ndime ndi Kiev imodzi mwa malo awiri ndale wa Russia. Izi mgwirizano mafuko a Asilavo kum'mawa anali mmodzi wa zikomo ambiri otukuka malonda ndi anthu oyandikana ndi maiko m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Baltic. Amadziwika kuti ali pankhondo pafupipafupi ndi Scandinavia (Scandinavia), chifukwa cha zimene wakhala akuitanidwa kuti ulamuliro wa Prince Rurik.

Kum'mwera chitakhazikitsidwa mgwirizano wina mafuko a Asilavo kum'mawa - krivichi. Anakakhala ku malire chapamwamba cha mitsinje zikuluzikulu: ndi Dnieper, Western Dvina ndi Volga. mizinda yawo yaikulu anali Smolensk ndi Izborsk. Polotsk ndi Vitebsk moyo Polochans.

Chapakati mapangano fuko

Pa tributary waukulu wa Volga - Oka - ankakhala vyatichi. Zinali kum'mawa mafuko mgwirizano wa East Asilavo. Kuchokera kumanzere Vyatichi akatswiri a zinthu zakale romeno-Borshchevskaya chikhalidwe. Iwo makamaka chinkhoswe mu ulimi ndi malonda ndi Volga Bulgars.

Kumadzulo kwa Vyatichi ndi kum'mwera kwa Krivichy moyo radzimichy. Iwo anali ndi malo pakati pa mitsinje Dnieper ndi Desna mu Belarus ano. Fuko lino wasiya magwero pafupifupi munthu olembedwa - yekha kutchula oyandikana kwambiri olemera.

Dregovichi adakali moyo kumadzulo Radimichi. Kumpoto kwa iwo anayamba chuma Lithuania anthu zakutchire, amene Asilavo anali kukangana nthawi zonse. Koma ngakhale pa ubwenzi woterewu ali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa Dregovichi amene anatengera ambiri makhalidwe Balta. Ngakhale chinenero chawo zasintha ndi mawu atsopano Anabwereka anansi kumpoto.

mapangano mafuko Western

Mu kutali kumadzulo moyo Volhynians ndi White Croatia. Za iwo nkomwe Byzantine Mfumu Constantine Bagryanorody (m'buku lake "Pa kasamalidwe wa ufumu"). Iye ankakhulupirira kuti ukwati mafuko a kum'mawa Asilavo ndiwo akutoma kwa Balkan Croatia amene anali malire a boma lake.

Volhynians amatchedwanso buzhans, nalo dzina lake pa mtsinje Western Bug. Iwo anatchulidwa nthano ya makedzana Zaka.

South mapangano fuko

steppes Pontic mumakhala Ulichi ndi Tivertsy. Izi mabungwe mafuko anali malire a kum'mwera kwa kuthetsa wa East Asilavo. Iwo ankakhala mu chipululu ndipo nthawi anamenyana ndi m'dera wongosamukasamuka Turkic - Pechenegs ndi Polovtsy. analephera kupambana nkhondoyi, ndi Asilavo, ndi theka lachiwiri la X atumwi, potsiriza anasiya dera Black Sea, yothetsa m'mayiko volynyan ndi kusakaniza ndi iwo.

Mu kum'mwera chakum'mawa Asilavo oecumene moyo northerners. Kuyambira munthu winayo, iwo ankasiyana yopapatiza nkhope mawonekedwe. Iwo kwambiri kufooketsedwa ndi anansi steppe wongosamukasamuka, amene northerners matanthauzo anaphatikizana. Kwa zaka 882 mafuko awa anali makhwawa a Khazars, pamene Oleg sanali angagwirizanitse iwo mphamvu yawo.

drevlyans

Mu nkhalango pakati pa Dnieper ndi Pripyat anakakhala drevlyans. likulu lawo linali Iskorosten (tsopano kumanzere kwa iye chitunda). Mu Drevlyane zachitika ka maubwenzi mwa fuko. Ndipotu, anali yomwe boma ndi kalonga yake.

Ena nthawi drevlyans mikangano ndi anansi ake kapinga mphamvu m'chigawo, ndi yamasika ngakhale analipira msonkho kwa iwo. Komabe, pambuyo Oleg anakwatitsa Novgorod ndi Kiev, iye anagonjetsedwa ndi Iskorosten. m'malo mwake, Prince Igor anaphedwa ndi manja Drevlyane pambuyo adafuna msonkho surpluses. mkazi wake Olga nkhanza wabwezera opandukawo anatentha Iskorosten kenako sanamangidwenso.

Mayina a mabungwe a mafuko a kum'mawa Asilavo zambiri ndi Akhristu mu zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, Drevlyane amatchedwanso kuti dulebsky mgwirizano fuko, kapena Dulebs. Kumanzere kwa iwo Zimnovskoe linga, omwe m'zaka za m'ma VII, anawonongedwa ndi ngozi zachiwawa.

glade

Avereji Dnieper osankhidwa kudula. Iwo anali amphamvu kwambiri ndiponso otchuka mafuko mgwirizano. Kwambiri zinthu zachilengedwe ndi lachonde anawalola osati kuzidyetsa wokha, komanso malonda bwinobwino ndi anansi ake - akonzekeretse zombo, etc. Kuti kodi malo awo msewu "ku Scandinavia kwa Agiriki" womwe unawonjezera phindu lalikulu ...

Kiev inasandulika chilikati cha munda, yomwe ili pa gombe mkulu wa Dnieper. Makoma ake anatumikira chitetezo odalirika kwa adani. Amene ankakhala pafupi mabungwe mafuko a kum'mawa Asilavo m'madera amenewa? Khazars, Pechenegs ndi anthu ena oyendayenda amene ankafuna zoika msonkho kuthetsedwa. The 882 chaka Novgorod kalonga Oleg anagonjetsa Kiev ndipo analenga limodzi boma East Asilavo, posamutsa likulu lake apa.