"Nkhani Yakale ya Bygone." Chitsamba chakale kwambiri cholembedwa cha Russia

Nkhani zambiri zokhudzana ndi moyo wakale wa Asilavo - Kievan Rus - zimachokera ku malo amodzi. Chombo chachikulu cholemba ndi mbiri yakale ndi "Zaka Zakale za Bygone".

Chilengedwe cha "Zaka Zakale za Bygone" chimatchedwa Nestor - mulungu mmodzi, yemwe ankakhala ku Monastère ya Kiev-Pechersky. Ntchito yaikulu inalembedwa ndi iye mu 1113. Mbiriyi imasonyeza kuti wolembayo ndi munthu wowerengedwa bwino, yemwe ali ndi mwayi wosankha malo omwe amawunikira ndikuwunika, ndikuwapatsa mawonekedwe apadera. Asayansi omwe adaphunzira za Tale ya Bygone Zaka adafika pamapeto kuti iwo analembedwera kuchokera ku gwero lakale limene silinatifikire. Mu mbiri ya ku Russia inali zochitika zofala. Chifukwa chake, mwina ntchito ya Nestor inachokera pa chikhomo chakale cha Kiev.

Mchitidwe weniweni wolemba mbiri ya boma unachokera ku Sophia Monastery, koma m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi chimodzi kachisi wamkulu wa Kiev anakhala pakati pa mbiri. Mu nyumba ya amonke kumeneko munali azitsamba zambiri otchuka ndi oyera mtima, omwe anali ndi dzanja poteteza chidziwitso cha mbiriyakale. Zina mwa izo sizinatchulidwe kokha Nestor, komanso Nikon Wamkulu, Theodosius, Anthony.

"Nkhani Yakale ya Bygone" inalembedwa pofuna kukwaniritsa chidwi cha anthu pazokha. Ntchitoyi imanena za chiyambi cha Kiev ndi Russia, akalonga oyambirira, Askold ndi Dire, anthu a Rurik ochokera ku Varangiya komanso omwe amachititsa kuti azitsogoleredwa. Mbiri iyi ikulemekeza ukulu ndi mphamvu za boma, zimamverera chikondi chenicheni ndi chachikulu kwa dziko lakwawo. Mlembi amalimbikitsanso kulimbitsa mtima kwa gululi, omwe amapitiliza maulendo akuluakulu ndikubweretsa zopambana. Iye akulira kugonjetsedwa ndi kulira pa iwo omwe anafa mu nkhondo zowonongeka.

Mbiri ya zaka zam'mbuyomo ndi gwero loyamba lomwe likupezeka kwa asayansi. Izi zikuphatikizapo mbiri yakale ya mibadwo yotsatira, komanso mafanizo, nkhani, nthano, mawu komanso nyimbo. Sikuti imangotanthauzira chiyambi cha anthu a Asilavic , popeza kukhazikitsidwa kwa ana a kholo la Nowa padziko lapansi, akufotokoza momveka bwino komanso moyenera anthu oyandikana nawo a Kievan Rus. Nestor adasonkhanitsa deta pa miyambo ndi miyambo ya mafuko oyandikana nawo, Agiriki ndi Mabulgaria. Iye sanangosonyeza zochitika zofunika kwambiri m'mbiri ya dziko lake, ndipo adasonyeza malo ake pakati pa maulamuliro ena apadziko lonse. Ndipo mosakayikira, malo awa anali olemekezeka komanso okhudzidwa kwambiri.

Mwamwayi, "The Tale of Bygone Years" sanatifikire m'maonekedwe ake oyambirira. Icho chinasonkhanitsidwa ndi akasupe kuchokera ku zinyumba, zomwe ziri kupitiriza nkhaniyo. The Ipatiev ndi Laurentian Mbiri pachiyambi chawo akunena ntchito ya Nestor. Zingaganizedwe kuti zidakonzedwa ndi manja ndi zithunzi ndi masituni. Kuphatikiza pa kufunika kwa mbiri yakale, chigwirizanochi chimaimira chuma chambiri, chifukwa chimasonyeza chilankhulidwe ndi mkhalidwe wa dziko la nthawi imeneyo. Mbiri, monga mapangidwe, opangidwa ndi mawu ofotokozera, kufotokoza, kufananitsa.

Chinthu chachikulu ndichoti tanthauzo la ntchito yakale yakale ya ku Russia idabweranso kwa ife, ndipo tikhoza kusangalala ndi mizere yodzala ndi nzeru ndi kuyamikira pamaso pa Bambo.