Momwe Lermontov M. Yu anafera. Ndani anapha Lermontov

Zaka zoposa zana limodzi ndi makumi asanu ndi awiri zatha kuchokera pamene Lermontov anamwalira. Panthawiyi, ochita kafukufuku ambiri ayesa kulowa mu chinsinsi cha imfa yodabwitsa ya wolemba ndakatulo. Zimadziwika kuti iye anaphedwa mu duel ndi mnzake wapamtima - Nikolay Martynov. Koma mu zochitika zotani panali kugunda koopsa - sikudziwikabe. Za m'mene komanso Lermontov anamwalira, zidzanenedwa m'nkhaniyi.

Longtime buddy

Asanafike pamsonkhano wake womaliza ku Pyatigorsk, Martynov ndi Lermontov anali mabwenzi apamtima. Ubwenzi pakati pawo unayamba mu sukulu ya Junker. Ngakhale kuti nthawi yayitali ndi yosiyana, abwenziwo adasunga ubale wabwino. Zimadziwika kuti mu 1840, ali ku Moscow, wolemba ndakatulo nthawi zambiri ankachezera banja la Martynov. Pa nthawi imeneyo, Nikolai Solomonovich mwiniwake ankatumikira ku Caucasus. Pamene Mikhail Yurievich anafika ku Pyatigorsk ndipo adapeza kuti Martynov anali komweko, anali wokondwa kuyembekezera kukomana naye kwa nthawi yayitali. Anali pa May 13, 1841. Patapita miyezi iŵiri (pa 13 Julayi) Lermontov anaphedwa mu duel.

Kudzudzula

Akatswiriwa amanena kuti Martynov akhoza kukangana ndi Lermontov pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Mmodzi mwa iwo ndi chikhumbo choteteza ulemu wa mlongo wake. Chowonadi ndi chakuti Mikhail Yuryevich sanangoyendera banja la bwenzi lake kawirikawiri, komanso ankasamalira Natalia Solomonovna Martynova. Iye, malinga ndi ena omwe anawona, anaona chikondi chake ndi ndakatulo. Lermontov adadziwika kuti anali ndi khalidwe lovuta, ndipo sanamvere chisoni mayi ake a Martynov. M'kalata yake, adalemba kuti ana ake aakazi ankakonda kukhala ndi Mikhail Yurievich, koma chilankhulo choipa cha wolemba ndakatulo sichikanatha kusungira zokongola izi. Ndani akudziwa, mwinamwake mantha ake sanali chabe? Patapita nthawi, buku ili linapezeka kuti sililimbali.

Assassin

Pali malingaliro osatsutsika a akatswiri olemba mabuku-ojambula mbiri pazomwe Lermontov anamwalira mu duel osati mwangozi. Martynov ankati amadziwa za maganizo oipa kwa wolemba ndakatulo amene ali pampando wapamwamba kwambiri ndipo anali wokonzeka kuwononga bwenzi lakalekale, kufunafuna zolinga zadyera. Mwinamwake iye anayesa kubwezeretsa ntchito yake yowonongeka. Komabe, buku ili silikhala ndi madzi. Duel analangidwa mwamphamvu kwambiri masiku amenewo. Nikolai Solomonovich (pambuyo pa Lermontov ataphedwa) akadatha kuwona kuti akutumikira ku ankhondo a ku Caucasus ngati msilikali wosavuta. Choipa kwambiri chingakhale chiyanjano ku Siberia.

Mabala oopsa

Zowonjezereka kwambiri za zifukwa za duel ndikuti Mikhail Yurievich anali wachisokonezo ndipo nthawi zambiri amawotcha ena. Olemba ndakatulo amatsimikizira kuti nthawi zambiri ankasankha chiwembu cha matsenga opanda chifundo pakati pa abwenzi ake. Mwachitsanzo, malinga ndi malemba a Satin NM, khalidwe limeneli silinalole Lermontov kuyandikira mu 1837 ku Pyatigorsk pamodzi ndi a Decembrists ndi Belinsky omwe anatengedwa ukapolo. M'chaka cha 1841 Martynov anakhala winanso wolemba ndakatulo. Mikhail Yuryevich anamutcha dzina lakuti "munthu wamphongo" ndi "Highlander" ndipo adakopeka mafilimu ambiri pa nkhaniyi. Mutu wa Nikolai Solomonovich unagwa pansi kwambiri. Amanena kuti Lermontov amangosonyeza mzere wokhotakhota wamtundu ndi nsonga yaitali, ndipo aliyense anazindikira pomwe akujambula. Martynov anayesa njira iliyonse yothetsera, koma pachabe - kunali kosatheka kupikisana ndi wolemba ndakatulo. Ichi ndicho yankho lalikulu ku funso lakuti Lermontov anawonongeka bwanji.

Zina

Choncho, Mikhail Yurievich anali ndi chilankhulo choipa komanso mtima wosadziletsa. Chifukwa cha makhalidwe amenewa, m'moyo wake waung'ono adatha kupeza adani ambiri. Ponena za anthu awa ndi zolinga zomwe iwo akutsogoleredwa, palibe amene akudziwa. Wofufuza kwambiri wa moyo wa wolemba ndakatulo - PA Viskovatov - akunena kuti chiopsezochi chinali kupumula m'chipinda cha General Merlini. Mwina, dipatimenti yodziwika bwino ya Benckendorff inalowa mu masewerawo. Zimadziwika kuti cholinga china cha kunyozedwa kwa ndakatulo - Lisanevich wina - nthawi zambiri ankalimbikitsidwa kuitana Mikhail Yuryevich ku duel. Koma nthawi zonse iye anakana. Pankhani ya kukwiyira dziko lonse, kukakamizidwa chifukwa chosadziwika kuti atsegule Martynov, zinthu zinali zosiyana. Kuwongolera kuti amenyane ndi wolakwira mwachangu wolimba mtima sikunali kovuta. Imfa ya Lermontov inali yosapeweka. Mu 1941, pa July 13, Nikolai Solomonovich anamuitanira ku duel.

Zochitika za mkangano

Prince Vasilchikov muzolemba zake analemba kuti tsiku lomwelo Mikhail Yurievich, pa phwando ku General's ofesi ya Versilin, adatulutsanso ku Martynov. Mkazi wa wachibale wa Lermontov ndi mnzake, EA Shan-Giray, akuchitira umboni kuti Nikolai Solomonovich anatembenuka ndipo mwachisungiko ankamukumbutsa ndakatulo kuti nthawi zonse amamupempha kuti asiye kunyodola koteroko mwa akazi. Iye anabwereza izi ndemanga pambuyo pake kangapo, pambuyo pake Mikhail Yurievich mwiniwake anamuitana iye kuti afune kukhutira kwa iyemwini. Posakhalitsa Martynov anasankha tsiku la duel. Poyamba abwenzi a a duelist sanagwirizanepo ndi kufunika kotere kwa nkhondoyi. Zikuoneka kuti, kuthetsa mkangano kungathetsedwe pa nthawi iliyonse. Koma Mikhail Yuryevich sanatengepo njira iliyonse yothetsera chiyanjano.

Kukambirana ndi Martynov

Mboni ndi anthu omwe anawona momwe M. Yu Lermontov anafera, ananena kuti Nikolai Solomonovich akuyesera kuti asatengere. Koma adakana. N'kutheka kuti Martynov anali ndi anthu ena amene ankamulimbikitsa, amene anamuthandiza kuti kuvomereza kuti ayanjanenso azidzamuchititsa manyazi chifukwa cha "kuwala." Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti Dipatimenti Yachitatu Yomweyi ikugwira ntchitoyi pano. Pali milandu pamene dipatimenti ya Benckendorff inaletsa kubwerera kwachangu. Ndipo mwinamwake zinadziwitsidwa za dubulo. N'zosadabwitsa kuti tsiku lotsatira Pyatigorsk ankangokhala ndi majendeni. Komabe, sizinali zofuna zawo kupewa imfa ya Lermontov.

Chiwawa mu duel

Amzanga a Mikhail Yurievich sanakayikire za zotsatira za mtendere. Iwo ankaganiza kuti dubulo likanakhala lovomerezeka. Nthaŵi zambiri, amzanga chifukwa cha mphukira yosafa. Umboni wa momwe Mikhail Lermontov anamwalira, Prince Vasilchikov, mpaka mphindi yomaliza idakhulupirira kuti wolemba ndakatuloyo sanadziwe mopepuka nkhondo yotsatira. Pa duel panalibe bwino kugawa masekondi, panalibe dokotala, ngakhale kuphwanya malamulo onse ovomerezeka, panali owonerera. Lev Sergeevich Pushkin, yemwe anali bwenzi la Mikhail Yurievich, muzolemba zake za momwe Lermontov anawonongera, ananena mosapita m'mbali kuti nkhondoyo inali "motsutsana ndi malamulo onse ndi ulemu." Chifukwa cha Martynov, amene ankadziwika kuti anali wamantha, ambiri ankafuna kuseka. Mkhalidwe uwu sunamulole iye kuchotsa mbiya ya mfuti kwa bwenzi lake lakale.

Mkhalidwe wa duel

Prince Vasilchikov, akumbukira momwe Lermontov anawonongera, analemba izi. Masekondiwa anayeza masitepe makumi atatu ndikuika malire otsiriza mu masitepe khumi. Kenaka anafalitsa adaniwo kutali kwambiri ndipo anawauza kuti asinthe pa lamulo lakuti: "March!" Pambuyo pake, masekondiwo anali atanyamula zipolopolo, kugawidwa kwa a duelists ndipo analamula kuti: "Pitani!" Mikhail Yurievich adakhala komwe iye anali, atadzitetezera ku dzuwa, anagwedeza nkhonya ndipo ananyamula mfutiyo Kumtunda. Panali pamtendere, pafupi ndi chiwerewere pamaso. Kenako, Martynov anafika msanga pamsewuwo ndipo nthawi yomweyo anathamangitsidwa. Wandakatulo anagwa. Viskovatov akuwonjezera momwe M M. Lermontov anamwalira, chofunikira kwambiri. Iye akuchitira umboni, kuchokera m'mawu a Vasilchikov, kuti kuyang'ana kwa Martynov kumayang'ana pa iye kunabweretsa kumwetulira kosangalatsa pa nkhope ya Mikhail Yurievich. Wolemba ndakatulo anatambasula dzanja lake, koma analibe nthawi yoponya mlengalenga.

Makhalidwe a Lermontov

Khalidwe la wolemba ndakatulo limadzutsa mafunso angapo. Mfundo yakuti Mikhail Yuryevich adapanga malingaliro ake opanda chifundo Martynov anali chinthu chofala. Koma nchifukwa ninji chidani cha mnzanu wakale sichimangoletsa wolemba ndakatulo kuti apitirize kupondereza? Ndipotu, Lermontov, ngakhale kuti zinali zovuta, anali wokoma mtima kwambiri kwa abwenzi ake. Pali milandu pamene Mikhail Yurievich anapepesa pomwepo kwa munthu amene anakhumudwa naye. Bwanji, pa nkhani ya Martynov, kodi iye anapempha kwenikweni duel? Kuwonjezera apo, ngati Lermontov sankaganiza kuti zifukwa za duel zinali zovuta, bwanji sanadziwombere yekha mlengalenga? Zochitika izi mu khalidwe la ndakatulo sizidziwikabe.

Lermontov ndi Pechorin

Mikhail Yurievich anatsindika mobwerezabwereza kuti ngakhale mkhalidwe wa buku la "The Hero of Our Time" kapena khalidwe la Pechorin liri ndi chochita ndi iye. Komabe, kusanthula kwa maganizo komwe protagonist ya nkhani za anthu oyandikana nawo mosakayikira ali pafupi ndi Lermontov mwiniwake. Pambuyo pake, kuwululira dziko lamkati la anthu ake ndi ntchito yake. Kotero, mwinamwake, mu mphamvuyi, imakhala chinsinsi chachikulu cha momwe Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov anawonongera? Mwinamwake iye anayamba kungoyimba, kuyesa kuyesa kwa bwenzi lake lakale? Ndipotu, pali chinachake chokhudza khalidwe la Martynov kuchokera ku Grushnitsky. Amayesanso kubisala kumbuyo kwa chigoba chachikondi, ndipo wolemba ndakatulo amawona, mwina amawoneka mopusa komanso opanda pake. Lermontov akuitanitsanso duel, pamene sangathe kugonjetsa mdani wake mwanjira ina iliyonse. Chifukwa chiyani Mikhail Yuryevich akuyesera kuwombera pa mphindi yotsiriza, pamene palibe kukayika konse kuti Martynov akufuna kumupha iye? Iye, monga Pechorin, amasewera ndi imfa, koma, mosiyana ndi khalidwe lake, amamwalira. Yankho la funsoli "chifukwa chake Lermontov anamwalira" limaperekedwa ndi mmodzi mwa ofufuza a ntchito yake - V. Levin. Nkhani yake yakuti "Duel ya Lermontov" ili ndi mfundo zambiri zochititsa chidwi za maganizo a ndakatulo m'masiku otsiriza a moyo wake.

Imfa ya Lermontov

Wolemba ndakatuloyo anamwalira patangopita mphindi zochepa atadwala, osakhalanso ndi chidziwitso. Vasilchikov anathamangira kumzinda kwa dokotala, koma anabwerera wopanda kanthu - chifukwa cha nyengo yoipa, palibe yemwe anavomera kuti apite naye. Malingana ndi mboni za maso, tsiku limene Lermontov linawonongeka, linali likugwetsa mvula. Pambuyo pake, Stolypin ndi Glebov anagulitsa ngolo ku Pyatigorsk ndipo anatumiza Ivan Vertyukov (mphunzitsi wa ndakatulo) ndi Ilya Kozlov (mtumiki wa Glebov) kupita kumalo othamanga. Pamene akufa anali m'malo mwa duel, ambiri anabwera kukafufuza momwe M. Lermontov anamwalira ndikuyang'ana thupi lake. Mikhail Yurievich anabweretsedwa ku nyumba pafupifupi 11 koloko madzulo. Iye anaikidwa mu 1841, pa July 17, mu manda a Pyatigorsk. Kumeneko, thupi la ndakatulo linagona kwa masiku 250. Agogo ake aakazi, EA Arsenyeva, adatha kupeza chilolezo kwa mfumu ndikuyendetsa zidzukulu za mdzukulu wake kudziko lakwawo. Mu 1842, pa April 23, wolemba ndakatulo dzina lake Mikhail Yuryevich anaikidwa ku Tarkhany, pafupi ndi agogo ake aamuna ndi amayi ake.

Tsogolo la Martynov

Imfa ya Lermontov inakwiyitsa kwambiri anthu a ku Russia omwe akupita patsogolo. Wopha mnzakeyo anadzudzulidwa kwambiri ndi anthu ambiri ounikiridwa a nthawiyo. Poyamba iye anaweruzidwa kuti achotse chuma chonse ndi kudandaula ndi nduna ya milandu. Komabe, chigamulo chomaliza chinali chochepa kwambiri. Malingana ndi iye, Martynov anakhala miyezi itatu m'chipinda cha alonda, anagonjera kutchalitchi, ndipo adatumikira zaka zingapo ku mzinda wa Kiev. Pambuyo pake, analemba zolemba za momwe Lermontov anafera mdzanja lake. Nikolai Solomonovich anamwalira mu 1875, ali ndi zaka 60, ndipo anaikidwa m'manda a crypt pafupi ndi mudzi wa Ievlevo. Manda ake sanasungidwe. Mu 1924, sukulu ya Alexeyev ya MONO inayikidwa m'banja la Martynov. Anthu ake ankasokoneza crypt, ndipo otsala a Nikolai Solomonovich anamira m'nyanjayi. Uku kunali kubwezera kwa kuphedwa kwa ndakatulo wamkulu.

Tsopano mukudziwa momwe Lermontov anafera komanso kumene. Mwamuna wamphatso uyu adagwirizanitsa talente yodalenga ndikupanda mantha kwa msilikali weniweni womenyana. Moyo wake unali waufupi, koma wowala, adatha kulemba ntchito zambiri zodabwitsa. Dzina la Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov ndi limodzi mwa otchuka kwambiri ndi lolemekezeka mu mabuku a Russian.