"Dubrovsky" - ndani analemba? "Dubrovsky", Pushkin. Ntchito ya Alexander Pushkin "Dubrovsky"

Pakati pa osamaliza ntchito ya kuwala kwa Russian ndakatulo Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin zodabwitsa masiku ano Russian chinenero anali buku "Dubrovsky". Ndichoyambirira chifukwa cha kuphatikizapo mavuto aakulu pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi nthano yowonjezera. Ntchito yogwira ntchitoyi inatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, koma inasindikizidwa zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zokha kenako, mu 1841, mu buku la ntchito ya Pushkin. Pali mphekesera kuti, malinga ndi cholinga cha wolemba, mapeto akhoza kukhala osiyana, koma mibadwo yambiri ya owerenga omwe amakonda buku lino silingaganizire zochitika zosiyana siyana.

Kuzindikira kwa bukuli

Buku loti "Dubrovsky", limene wolemba mabukuyo ndi lodziwika bwino ndi anthu onse okhala m'dzikoli, silingakhale lopanda malire, ngakhale kuti silinalandire ntchito yomaliza yomanga; Zigawo zina zomwe sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito panobe, zolinga za khalidwe la anthu otchulidwazo sizimveka bwinobwino, ndipo palibe kuya kwazithunzi za anthu otchuka. Ndipotu, zimakhala zolimba kwambiri, ndipo owerenga amakakamizidwa kuti aziganiza mosiyana ndi makhalidwe awo. Kufufuza kowonjezereka kwa zojambulazo kunaloledwa kumvetsa lingaliro la buku la "Dubrovsky". Mlembi anapereka chakudya kwa otsatira ake. Zolingalira zambiri zinayikidwa patsogolo pa zifukwa za kusakwanira kwa bukuli ndi kupitiriza kwake.

Ndondomeko yolemba

Novel "Dubrovsky" Pushkin analemba molimbika, ndipo mwadzidzidzi utakhazikika ku ntchitoyo ndipo sanabwerere kuntchito. Zomwe zingayambitse kuzizira ndizo chidwi mu "Mbiri ya Pugachev" ndi zojambula zoyambirira za buku la Pugachev. Pushkin ntchitoyi ntchitoyi inali imodzi mwa njira yochokera ku "Belkin's Tales" kupita ku buku lamakono la anthu ndi maganizo komanso zochitika pamabuku a mbiri yakale akuti "Captain's Daughter". M'buku la "Dubrovsky" Pushkin imatsogoleredwa ndi mfundo zazikulu za chidziwitso chafupikitsa, molondola komanso mophweka. Mfundo yaikulu yofotokozera inali kusinthana kwa zizindikiro zovomerezeka za zilembo za ojambula omwe akuwonetsera zochitika zina ndi kutenga nawo gawo.

Kuwonekera kwa dongosolo la kalata

Ntchito yoletsedwa kwambiri ndi ya laconic ya Pushkin "Dubrovsky" imasonyeza njira ya moyo ndi miyambo ya apamwamba. Mlembi amagwiritsa ntchito prose yolondola yowonongeka, kuyesera kukhala ngati cholinga chotheka, koma kukhalabe munthu ndi kupereka nthawi ndi nthawi kutsogolera zochitika za zochita ndi kumasula ndemanga zodabwitsa.

Bukuli limayambitsa mgwirizanowu ndi mayiko a Western Europe ndi olemba Chirasha a m'zaka za zana la 18 lachitatu la m'ma 1800. Akatswiri ambiri ofufuza za Pushkin amaganiza kuti chidwi cha kulengedwa kwa bukuli chinaperekedwa ndi sewero la "Schiller", comedy Kapnist "The Yabed" ndi masewera ambiri odzudzula okhudza ochimwa a Russia. Koma kwenikweni wolembayo anauziridwa ndi mbiri ya wolemekezeka wa ku Belarus Ostrovsky, yemwe P.V. Nashchokin mnzake wa ku Moscow anamuuza. Chofunika cha nkhaniyi ndi chakuti mwini nyumbayo anachotsedweratu kuchoka ku nyumbayo, pambuyo pake adakhala wakuba ndipo adapita kundende.

Nkhaniyi, yowonjezeredwa ndi mfundo za milandu, inakhala maziko a bukuli. Momwemo, wolembayo adakwanitsa kudalirika komanso ngakhale zolemba za bukuli. Pali umboni wosonyeza kuti uli woona - mu chaputala chachiwiri, nkhani ya chigamulo cha mlandu wa mwini nyumba yomwe imataya nyumba yake imaperekedwa popanda kusintha. Ndiwo maina a magulu amphamvu omwe amatsutsana nawo amalowetsedwa ndi anthu onyenga - Troekurov ndi Dubrovsky.

Koma wolemba bukuli "Dubrovsky" sanadzilekerere ku nkhani za milandu komanso milandu yonena za kusamvera malamulo, zomwe zakhala zikuchitika kalekale. Mu chiwembu, mavuto ambiri a chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha omwe anazunzidwa chifukwa chotsutsana ndi machitidwe apamwamba anali atagwirizana. Malingana ndi V. V. V. Belinsky, buku la Pushkin "Dubrovsky" ndi limodzi mwa "zolemba zachilengedwe" zomwe zimasonyeza dziko la Russia.

"Dubrovsky" - ndani amene analemba ndi amene amatsutsana anali maziko?

Nthaŵi ina ntchitoyi isanayambe, mu February 1832, Alexander Sergeevich anapatsidwa mwayi wapadera wochokera kwa Emperor Nicholas I. Unali malamulo a ufumuwu mu mavoli 55. Chizindikiro choterechi chinali kusonyeza ndakatulo mphamvu zonse za malamulo. M'buku la "Dubrovsky" (yemwe analemba, aliyense amadziwa) pali kale palibe chikondi chovomerezeka choyambirira m'zolemba zoyambirira za wolemba ndakatulo. Apa wolemba ndakatulo akuwonetsa mphamvu ya malamulo pa moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa olemekezeka, kudalira kwawo pa mphamvu ndi kugonjera kwathunthu. Lingaliro lalikulu la ntchito ndiloti, zenizeni, malamulo onse mu bukuli amalowetsedwa ndi lamulo la mphamvu, chuma ndi olemekezeka.
Cholinga cha bukuli chimakhala champhamvu kwambiri, kuphatikizapo zikhalidwe ziwiri zosiyana. Nkhondo yoyamba, zochitika zazikulu zomwe zimachitika mu buku loyambirira, zachikhalidwe, kukhala ndi mtundu woonekera bwino. Zimayang'anizana ndi anansi awo, omwe kale anali antchito komanso ngakhale achikulire. Uyu ndi mwini chuma, mtsogoleri wa pulezidenti wamkulu Kirill Petrovich Troyekurov ndi wolemekezeka wamng'ono, lieutenant Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky, yemwe analemba kalata ku khoti lonena za kutchuka kwa a Troyekurovsky hound amene ananyoza ulemu wa Dubrovsky. Panali kusemphana kwa chikondi chodzikonda pakati pa Dubrovsky ndi Troyekurov, chomwe chinasandulika mgwirizano wa katundu ndi kugogomezera kusagwirizana pakati pa anthu, zomwe zinakonzeratu zotsatira za milandu. Troekurov anathandizidwa ndi oweruza achinyengo ndi oyandikana nawo mboni zabodza.

Nkhondo yachiwiri ya buku - banja ndi mabanja. Izi ndizochitika tsiku ndi tsiku - ukwati mu ukapolo. Masha Troyekurova akukakamizidwa kukwatira kalonga wakale wa Vereisky. Vuto la kusayeruzika kwa banja, funso la ufulu wokonda, mosasamala kanthu za malingaliro a anthu ndi tsankhu, likuwonekera kwambiri. Chinanso chokhudzidwa ndi kulimbana pakati pa chikondi ndi chikondi.

Amphamvu apakati a mikangano

Pa mikangano yonseyi, chiwerengero chachikulu ndi Kirill Petrovich Troyekurov, yemwe akupondereza Dubrovsky ndi mwana wake wamkazi. Chithunzi cha mbuye wa Russia chimachitikadi moona mtima ndi nkhanza. Uyu ndi wodalirika weniweni, yemwe sasamala za malingaliro a wina ndi zilakolako za anthu ena. Iye sali kudzera mwa cholakwa chake, koma chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chake. Iye ndi wamwano, wopasuka ndi voluptuous. Ndikofunika kuwonjezera pa zifukwa izi kusowa maphunziro, ndipo mumapeza munthu "wokwiya msanga" ndi "maganizo ochepa". Kukonzekera kwa Troyekurov kumasonyezedwa momveka bwino pochitira chithandizo kunyumba, ndi alendo, aphunzitsi a mwana wake wamkazi. Mlembi, komabe, amapeza mzimayi makhalidwe ambiri abwino. Mwachitsanzo, amamva chisoni, amadandaula za malo otengedwa kuchokera ku Dubrovsky, ndipo amayesayesa kugwirizanitsa ndi kubwezeretsedwanso.

Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky ali ndi wowerenga amene amamvera chisoni ndi tsoka lake. Koma wolembayo samangokhalira kugonjetsa msilikali wake, podziwa kukhalapo mu khalidwe lake laukali msanga ndi wopanikizana, komanso kukhumudwa ndi kusintha kwa mphindi. Ndipo nsanje ndizozoloŵera kwa iye, ndipo ngakhale monga woyang'anira sakuwala, chifukwa sangathe kusintha dzikoli. Mbali yaikulu ya Dubrovsky ndi kunyada kwambiri, zomwe sizimulola kuti avomereze ntchito ya Troyekurov. Dubrovsky nawonso akukhala ngati mtundu wamatsenga ndipo samaphatikizapo mwayi wa ukwati wa mwana wake ndi Masha Troyekurova, akuwusamalira, wosayenera woyenera. M'khoti, msilikaliyo amasonyeza kusasamala ndi osayamika, kudalira chilungamo cha oweruza. Tsogolo lake ndizisonyezero za kupambana kwa kusayeruzika chifukwa cha kuwona mtima.

Vladimir Dubrovsky - wolungama kapena kumverera magazi?

Munthu wotchuka Dubrovsky akupitirizabe tsogolo la abambo ake. Kuweruzidwa kwaufulu ndi chizunzo cha Troyekurov kwenikweni kunamukakamiza Vladimir ku malo ake kuti akhale osayeruzika. Wopambana amadziwika ndi wofunkha wolemekezeka ndi wobwezera woona mtima, chifukwa safuna kupambana wina, koma amafuna kubwezera zomwe ali nazo. Sikuti ndi Robin Hood, koma mwamuna yemwe anali ndi vuto lomwelo ndipo sangathe kuchita mosiyana. Chochitika chodabwitsa cha tsogolo la Dubrovsky chimachokera pa zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku. Wolemba buku la "Dubrovsky", yemwe anajambula zithunzi zojambula zachikondi mu "Eugene Onegin", adachoka kwa ankhondo omwe ali ndi "chisoni padziko lapansi" mumtima mwake ndipo adawombera wofunkha yemwe amavomereza kuti ali ndi tsogolo labwino. Wasayansi wina, dzina lake SP Shevyrev, anazindikira kuti wolanda Dubrovsky ndi amene amachititsa kuti anthu asamvere malamulo a boma.

Kufotokozera Dubrovsky: ndani kwenikweni?

Palibe zodabwitsa kuti Alexander Pushkin adanena kuti: Dubrovsky, chifukwa cha kusintha kwa maonekedwe ndi makhalidwe ake, amakhalanso ofanana ndi ena achimuna-onyenga - Otrepiev ndi Pugachev. M'bukuli iye amawonekera ngati msilikali waulonda, wozoloŵera moyo wosasamala, ndiye mwana wachikondi, ndiye wobwezera ndi gulu la achifwamba. Iye ndi wolimba mtima komanso wozizira pamene alowa m'nyumba ya Troekurov motsogoleredwa ndi aphunzitsi a Deforge, koma ali ndi maganizo komanso osamvetsetsa pamisonkhano yachikondi.

Kulongosola kwa Dubrovsky kumasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhala chete kwake ndi kusasamala. Wowerenga pakati pa mizere amatha kuzindikira makhalidwe omwe munthuyo amamukonda. Pambuyo pa mutu wa 11, sichikunenedwa za chikhalidwe chenicheni cha mphunzitsi wosagwedezeka komanso wolimba mtima Deforge. Kukhalapo kwa Dubrovsky m'gulu la achifwamba amakhalanso ndi mantha. Pali zonena kuti woyang'anira gululi amadziwika kuti ndi wanzeru, wolimba mtima komanso wowolowa manja. Zopseza ndi zoopsa za eni eni eni mantha zimachititsa Dubrovsky wakubayo kukhala munthu weniweni. Buku lachiwiri la bukuli, ngakhale kuti limakhala lopanda malire, limapereka chidziwitso chowonjezeka cha mmene amachitira ndi wolanda. Iye ndi wanzeru ndi wanzeru, komanso amadziwa zambiri zomwe zinachitika m'nyumba ya Troyekurov, makamaka za maonekedwe a Prince Vereisky ndi masewera ake ku Masha. Pogwiritsa ntchito mphunzitsi wa Mfalansa, akubwera ku Troyekurov kukonza. Dubrovsky ndi wobwezera, koma sangabwezere Troekurov chifukwa ali pachibwenzi ndi Masha ndipo sangakwezeretse banja lake.

Chikondi cha chikondi mumsampha ndi chapamwamba koposa ludzu lakubwezera, ndipo Dubrovsky amakhululukira Troyekurov.

Chinthu chachikulu mu buku lachiwiri ndi zovuta za chikondi cha satana chosakwaniritsidwa, chosatheka kwa iye cha banja lokha losangalala, komwe akufufuza ndi mtima wake wonse. Atangotsala pang'ono kuchoka kunyumba ya Troekurovs amatsegula Masha ndipo amavomereza maganizo ake. Masha akusowa. Sichimagwirizanitsa ndi kuvomerezana, koma limapereka lonjezo lothandizira ku Dubrovsky pakakhala zofunikira.

Mayi wamkulu wotchedwa Masha Troekurova ndi zochitika zake

Masha Troekurova wazaka 17 ndi wokongola komanso watsopano. Izo zimakokera osati Dubrovsky yekha, komanso wokalamba wamkulu Dandy Prince Vereisky, yemwe amamukweza. Masha ali wamng'ono kwambiri moti sangaganizire za ukwati. Amakopeka ndi Dubrovsky, yemwe ali ndi chidziwitso cha Deforge amamenya msungwanayo molimbika mtima, ndipo dzina lake lenileni limamukonda iye yekha, koma ngakhale ukwati wake ndi iye ukuwopseza, chifukwa adayambitsa miyambo ya chikhalidwe chokwanira ndi banja la munthu, koma osati mphunzitsi Kapena wakuba. Koma ukwati ndi Prince Vereisky umatsogolera mtsikanayo ndi mantha. Amapempha bambo ake kuti asamuwononge, osati kumusokoneza moyo ndi kumumvetsera. Podziwa zopanda phindu za zopempha zake, adalemba kalata kwa Prince Vereisky, akupempha kuti asiye ukwatiwo, koma kalatayo ili ndi zotsatira zosiyana, ndipo ukwatiwo ukubwera mosavuta. Ngakhale kuti ali mnyamata, Masha amakhala mtsikana wotsimikiza ndipo akuvutika kwambiri kuti apeze mphamvu kuti apite ku Dubrovsky wakuba. Akudikira thandizo mpaka mphindi yotsiriza, koma atalumbirira kukhulupirika kosatha, amazindikira kuti palibe njira yotulukira, ndipo pamene Dubrovsky akuukira magalimoto awo m'nkhalango, iye amakana kuchoka naye. Izi sizikusonyeza kukhulupirika kokha, komanso kudzipatulira kwa mtsikanayo, komanso khalidwe la wachifwamba, yemwe anamupatsa ufulu wosankha ndi kudzipatulira yekha.

Wakuba wodalirika Dubrovsky

Nkhani ya Pushkin, ngakhale kuti inali yoperewera, imakopa mavuto ake oona mtima ndi opweteka. Wolembayo akuwoneka kuti akufuna kuwonetsa kuti kukhala kunja kwa lamulo sikuyankhula nthawi zonse za kuuma kwa chilengedwe. Koma zoipa zonse zimaphatikizapo chilango chosapeŵeka. Kuwonekera kwa Troyekurov kumalo a anthu a Dubrovsky ndi chifukwa chokwiyitsa kwambiri anthu osauka ndi kuwonetsa nkhanza kwa iwo. Ndipo moto wa usiku ku Kystenyovka, wokonzedwanso ndi Vladimir Dubrovsky, amene sankadziwa kanthu za nthumwi zotsekedwa za Troyekurov, anakhala patsogolo pa kupanduka kwadzidzidzi.

N'chifukwa chiyani bukuli silitha kutha?

Buku la "Dubrovsky" - Nkhani ya Pushkin yokhudzana ndi zifukwa za misala, osakhutira ndi anthu osauka, nkhondo yambiri, yomwe imayimilidwa mu ntchito za wolemba.

Mwa iwo amene anafufuza buku la "Dubrovsky", yemwe analemba za zigawenga za gulu lake? Munthu angaganize kuti awa ndiwo antchito akale a Kistenevka, alimi othamanga ndi asilikali. Kumapeto kwa bukuli kumakhala koonekeratu kuti zofuna za mtsogoleri wa zigawenga ndi anzake sizigwirizana. M'kati mwa gulu lawo mulibe mgwirizano, pali maubwenzi amodzi omwe amachititsa manyazi pamene atumiki amamvera mbuye wawo. Chaputala chomaliza cha bukuli chimayambitsa mayanjano ndi buku la "Captain's Daughter", komwe nyimbo zomwezo zikuimbidwa, ndipo mapeto a bukuli amachititsa maganizo okhudza kupitiriza nkhondo ya anthu enieni. Pambuyo pa msilikaliyo sanathenso kukhala ndi chimwemwe m'banja ndi Masha, amatsitsa gulu lake ndikubisala kunja. Atagawanitsa amauza anzake kuti sangathe kubwerera ku moyo woona mtima, komabe atachoka, misewuyo imakhala yomasuka ndipo zibwibwi zimasiya. Maganizo omalizira a bukuli ndi ovuta kwambiri, popeza kuti wochokera kumayiko ena akugonjetsa ndikugonjetsa dziko lonse mukumenyera ufulu, ulemu ndi chikondi.