Louis-Nicolas Davout. Yekha polimbana wa Napoleon, amene anali atasiya nkhondo single

Lui Nikola Davu - mmodzi wa asilikali zabwino Napoleonic Nkhondo. Anali yekhayo polimbana wa Napoleon, sanataye nkhondo limodzi. Tiyeni tione mbiri ndi zina zomwe a mtsogoleri wotchuka uyu asilikali.

Childhood ndi Education

Mkuluyu tsogolo anabadwa mu Burgundy, May 10, 1770 mu banja zabwino. Lui Nikola anakulira asilikali sukulu kulankhula Brienne-Le-Château. N'zochititsa chidwi kuona kuti chaka pamaso akulowa sukulu imodzi maphunziro Napoleon Bonaparte. Kukhala oona mwambo banja, mu 1788 Davoust anayamba kutumikira mu apakavalo Regiment, lomwe kale anatumikira bambo ake ndi agogo.

Kukwera French

Pa French kuukira boma, kuyamba nkhondo, popanda kuganiza kawiri, ndinaganiza kuteteza anthu a kunachitika. Popeza asilikali anathawa kapena akuchotsedwa mbali zambiri Bourbons ndi kuonekera ambiri posts wopanda munthu. Iwo anatenga asilikari wamng'ono, ndi zina, ngakhale asilikali wamba ndi achibadwidwe utsogoleri. Louis-Nicolas Davout anali m'modzi wa asilikari ambiri amene ngongole nyamuka zofuna kusintha ndi kugonjetsa Bourbons lapansi. Kuyambira 1794 mpaka 1797 Davoust pamalo a brigadier ambiri wamenya monga msilikali wa gulu lankhondo la Rhine. Komabe, chitunda panopa Olympus mkulu Omveka Davoust anayamba pansi pa mbendera ya Bonaparte.

ulendo Igupto

Mu nthawi kuchokera 1798 mpaka 1801 ndi udindo wa Major General Davoust nawo ulendo Napoleon wa ku Aigupto. Iye analandira lamulo la apakavalo French. Mu nkhondo ya Aboukir, zomwe zinachitika pa June 25, 1799, mnyamata warlord makamaka wolemekezeka. Pa tsiku limenelo, 7000th Ankhondo French anagonjetsa 15 masauzande Turkey asilikali mkulu wa dzina la Mustafa Pasha. Kulandilidwa ndi mphambu ziwili za asilikali mdani anagwa pa nkhondo, ndi ena, pamodzi ndi Mustafa Pasha, anagonja. Kagulu malo Corps, amene mkulu anali Lui Davu, anapanga zopereka kwambiri kuti kupambana. Akatswiri ambiri timakonda timakhulupirira kuti mu nkhondo imeneyi, Bonaparte ankaona ngwazi ya zokambirana zathu, opanda mantha komanso aluso mkulu.

Ngakhale kuti ulendo Aigupto anavekedwa ndi wolephera kwa France, chinatseguka zambiri mayina latsopano limene m'tsogolo ndipo unachitikira asilikali ulemerero wa Napoleon. General Lui Davu pa nkhondo inali anamuperekeza pafupi Bonaparte, amene molimba anasamukira kwa pamwamba pa boma.

ndi udindo wa polimbana

Chikadzangotha ulendo Aigupto Dawa bwinobwino anatsogolera apakavalo wa asilikali ku Italy Bonaparte, amene wagonjetsa ndi Austrians. Mu 1804, ndi ngwazi za ulendo Aigupto ndi Mfumu ya kampani Italy kupereka udindo wa kulamulira wa France ndi Napoleon ndi mlangizi maudindo.

The kupambana choyamba mu lamulo la Corps ndi

Mu nthawi kuchokera 1805 mpaka 1814 kutsogoleredwa ndi kulamulira Davoust Corps. Mu 1805, gulu lake asonyeza bwino pa Ulm, pamene asilikali a mfumu asilikali Austria. Baron Von Mack Layberih - Mkulu wa Austrians, pamodzi ndi 30 zikwi-asilikali anakakamizika tizipeleke kwa mdani, amene anali m'ndende kwa zaka 20 m'ndende ndi asilikali.

October 9, 1805 Zipatalazo Davoust bwinobwino anawoloka Danube, zikuuluka mu Gunzburg ndi kudutsa m'dera. Austrians amene anatsogolera mzinda Danube, anayenera abwerere pambuyo kumenyana lolemera.

Polimbana Davout anali mmodzi wa ophunzira mwakhama kuukira asilikali a Bonaparte Vienna. November 8 pa mutu wa thupi lake pafupi ndi tauni ya Mariazell, iye anapambana nkhondo yomenyana ndi Corps Austria, kutsogozedwa ndi General Von Meerfeldom. Pankhondo imeneyi, French anakwanitsa kutenga akaidi 4000. Chigonjetso anali mwambo liwulo ku tsoka Vienna a.

Nkhondo ya Austerlitz

December 2, 1805 pa Austerlitz nkhondo kunachitika, anapita mpaka mu mbiri monga "Nkhondo ya mafumu atatu". Pa tsiku limenelo, asilikali a ku France anapambana kugonjetsa anagwirizana Chirasha Austria asilikali. Austerlitz chigonjetso kutha kwa odana French Mgwirizano, ndi chifukwa cha Woyera wa Roma. Franz II - mfumu yomaliza ya Roma, anapangana ndi Napoleon mtendere chabe Mfumu ya Roma Francis woyamba. Kugwa mbiri ya kamodzi ufumu wamphamvu unathandiza kwambiri, ndi French mkulu Davoust.

The yen-Auershtedtskoe nkhondo

Mu 1806, mkulu wa mbiri Davoust kudzadza ndi zigonjetso latsopano. The yen-Auershtedtskom nkhondo kunachitika pakati pa Napoleon ndi asilikali Prussian pa October 14, polimbana anali mmodzi wa ochita waukulu. Nkhondo unagawidwa magawo awiri. Woyamba zinachitika pa Auerstadt, ndipo chachiwiri - pa Jena. Corps polimbana Lui Davu yagoletsa mu gawo loyamba.

Polimbana anapatsidwa lamulo la mapiko loyamba la asilikali lachifumu. Mu lamulo lake panali amuna 26 zikwi ndi 44 mfuti. Davoust zotsutsa ndi pambali yakumanzere ya asilikali Prussian kutsogozedwa ndi Duke wa Brunswick, womwenso 54 000 asilikali ndi 230 mfuti. ubwenzi wa munthu wa mphamvu zokwanira unambiguously kuwunika luso la zipani. Komabe, nkhondo aakulu Davoust sanathe yekha kugonjetsa magulu ankhondo, komanso kupha mtsogoleri wawo.

Mu nkhondo ya Jena, ndi French asilikali a Napoleon payekha anatha. Iye kwathunthu anagonjetsa asilikali ankhondo a Prussian Prince Hohenlohe. Komabe, nkhondo imeneyi ya muyezo wa mphamvu zinali pafupifupi wofanana. Okwana wa yen-Auershtedtskoy nkhondo, asilikali French anataya anthu 11 sauzande, 7 a iwo Auershtedtskoe nkhondo.

mutu lolemera

Komanso mu 1806 Louis-Nicolas Davout anakakamizika kulimbana ndi asilikali Russian. December 24 thupi lake, pamodzi ndi asilikali Napoleon ndi mtsinje steepening, ndipo usiku pansi Czarnowo anaukira 15000th Russian asilikali. Pankhondo imeneyi, French wataya pafupi theka Russian kwambiri.

Chigonjetso wanzeru pa Auerstadt Davoust sanathe padera, ndi Napoleon analemekeza ambiri, osati kuti komanso mutu aulemu a Duke Auershtedtskogo. Dziwani kuti Napoleon Bonaparte, pokhala nzika ya wosauka Chikosika Chitaliyana m'banja lapamwamba, anakhala mfumu ya France, mowolowa manja chopatsika maudindo a otsatira ake, motero kuyesera kulenga ndi osankhika latsopano mu boma.

Nkhondo ya Ekmyule

April 22, 1809 asilikali Napoleon ndi ina ndi asilikali Austria, yemwe lamulo anapatsidwa kwa Archduke Charles. Austrians anakwanitsa kutenga pamwamba Ekmyulem pansi udindo yabwino kwambiri. Napoleon anatumiza kwa mphepo mdani maudindo awo thupi kwambiri, kuphatikizapo thupi la polimbana Davoust. Only pa nkhondo oopsa, osati kamodzi kusintha mu melee, ndi French anakwanitsa dislodge mdani kuchokera Kumwamba. Ndi Kukada, ndi Archduke Charles anatenga asilikali ake kuti Regensburg. zomvetsa wake mu Nkhondo ya Ekmyule analipo anthu 11 zikwi ku 76 asilikali zikwizikwi. Mchigonjetso nkhondo imeneyi, Napoleon anatsegula ziyembekezo kwambiri - Austria razchlenilas asilikali pawiri. The ankhondo, amene anachita mbali yofunika kwambiri kupambana kwake, anali kwambiri. Choncho, Louis-Nicolas Davout analandira dukedom, ndipo komabe kalonga - Prince anakhala Ekmyulskim.

Nkhondo ya Wagram

Mu 1809 Davout kachiwiri nawo mwayi kukumana nkhondo ndi Archduke Charles. nthawi iyi nkhondo kumenyana pa Wagram. Usiku woti nkhondo, asilikali Napoleon a m'dziko chilumba cha Lobau anawoloka olemera wa Danube. Asilikali Austria, ali asilikali oposa zana chikwi ndi 452 mfuti, iye anapita Vahram ndi molimba kumeneko. Madzulo pa July 5 Mfumu analamula ankhondo ake a Italy, amene timapitiriza Achisaxon Corps, kuti kuukira adani. Chifukwa kulakwitsa Italy amene anatenga Saxon pakuti mdani, kuti adayenera zimafika.

The zochitika zazikulu zinachitika pa tsiku lotsatira, pamene Napoleon reorganized asilikali ake, adali ndi ukulu n'zosangalatsa kumva pa mdani mu dongosolo latsopano la nkhondo. Davout ndi Oudinot ntchito limodzi ndi phiko kumanzere kwa malo mdani. The Austrians anaukira massively ku tsidya lino la French, koma kupambana kwawo si anabweretsa. Ndipo komabe, pozunzidwa mwankhanza ndi malo mdani ndi lamanzere pambali wa asilikali French anali kutapa mu mthunzi. Kutumiza asilikali kwa chigawo chapakati cha zolimba mu mawonekedwe a Italiya Corps wa MacDonald, kukoka kumbuyo zida zankhondo, Mfumu anakhoza kumupulumutsa zinthu. Wamphamvu zida zankhondo moto anaimitsa alimbane wa Austrians. Louis-Nicolas Davout azungu wopanda reinforcements ndi akudziguguda kumanzere pambali wa asilikali mdani, anatenga bwino za iye. Polimbana anakwanitsa kufika kumbuyo kwa asilikali Austria ndi dismember ake za Vesedele. Nyumba mnzake wake Vahram Uda anagonjetsa. Mu 11 maola nkhondo, Carl anataya pafupi anthu zikwi 50. Chifukwa, anakakamizika abwerere kwa Moravia.

Chigonjetso cha Wagram mtengo French ndi odula kwambiri. Choyamba, asilikali Napoleon anamwalira asilikali 32,000. Kachiwiri, pambuyo Nkhondo ya Britain ndi Russian Ufumu analowa ndi Napoleonic France pa nkhondo.

Kukwera kwa Russia

French Mfumu sanali mantha anakhazikitsa ndi iye Mgwirizano wa mafumu European. Mu 1812, Russia ndekha - ogwirizana kale nkhondo odana Napoleonic, Austria ndi Prussia, anakakamizika kukhala ogwirizana a French Ufumu.

July 12, asilikali Napoleon a anawoloka Neman Mtsinje, atalanda Russian Ufumu. Pamaso mikhalidwe yovuta zedi makamu Russian anathamanga kupewa nkhondo. Kupereka nkhondo yekha, iwo ali pafupifupi anaonetsetsa kugonjetsedwa wawo wonse.

Corps wa polimbana Davoust anatumizidwa kuthandiza gulu lankhondo la Jerome Bonaparte, amene ankathamangira chachiwiri Russian Western Army General Bagration, Akuthawa Vaukavysk kum'mwera-kum'mawa. Mwaluso mchitidwe Mtsogoleri wa asilikali Russian achoka pansi nkhonyayo awiri a mdani, chifukwa mu zonse French polimbana anali afotokozerane. Pamene asilikali Bagration anayamba kuwoloka Niemen, a asilikali a ku France anapanga pofuna wina zinalephereka kumutenga mu chilengedwe. Pakuwoneratu mapulani mdani, General Bagration anatembenukira kwa Minsk.

Mu Mogilev Davout inawombana ndi asilikali anathamangitsa, anabwera ku mzinda kwa adani. The chachiwiri Russian Western Army linali kamodzinso asakhalenso woyamba Western Army la General Barclay de A Tolly, kuthawa kumpoto. Imeneyi, panali kanthu katsalira Bagration, koma kuzengereza zotsogolerazo zina za mdani. Pangani iye analamula Corps ya General Rajewski.

The avant-garde wa galimotoyo Dawa anakumana ndi maalumali pafupi ndi mudzi Saltanovka Rajewski. Mu nkhondo ya Saltanovka Russian anakwanitsa kumanga zolinga za French, ndipo ankhondo Bagration kachiwiri anachokera nkhonyayo ya mfumu Army. Pa nthawi imeneyi anatumizidwa ku Smolensk.

Near Smolensk 1 ndi 2 makamu Western anagwirizana Russian. August 4 anayamba Nkhondo ya Smolensk (nkhondo TH 1812), imene nawo ndi Davout. Chimodzi mwa magulu ake, kutsogozedwa ndi Gudin ankatha kusiyanitsa yekha mu nkhondo ya Valutina Mountain, kumenyana ndi detachment wa Major-General Tuchkov atatu. The yachiwiriyi kwambiri anavulazidwa ndi analandidwa.

Pankhondo ya Borodino, malinga ndi makhalidwe a mfumu, Davout anali kuimirira pakati pa asilikali. The Center anachititsa kuwawa wa asilikali Napoleon a. Iye ankayenera kuti adziwe Russian munda malinga, Mawuwa analembedwa mbiri nkhondo monga Bagration amatuluka.

Malinga ndi mwambo, yomwe inayamba Napoleon, pamaso nkhondo yaikulu, asilikali a madiresi wake ufumu kavalidwe yunifolomu zonse. August 26, 1812, ndi dzuwa m'bandakucha, anayamba wamphamvu zida zankhondo kuukira kwa mbali ziwiri. Mozungulira 6:00 ndine French anapezerapo yaikulu yamkuntho amatuluka. Magulu awiri a Davoust anali umalimbana chamadzi kum'mwera. Ngakhale chapamwamba n'zosangalatsa kumva za French, Russian akadali anatha kubweza nkhondo.

Ndi 7 ndine Davout nadzipereka yekha ndipo anayambiranso nkhondo. nthawi ino anatha analanda chamadzi kum'mwera. Komabe, mpeni kuyang'anira battalions angapo oyenda, zimene Bagration anatumiza kwa chamadzi a, analola kugogoda pa French kunja kwa malinga a. Ndiye Napoleon anatumiza kwa chithandizo cha apakavalo a Murat, Davout, Corps Ney ndi asilikali ena. The French anathyola ku lamanja ndi kumanzere chamadzi, koma chachikulu Russian potsimikizira-kuukira kachiwiri anagogoda iwo. Cholimbana Bagration amatuluka tsiku anatsatira akutiakuti ...

Pa mthunzi wa Grand Army la Napoleon Louis-Nicolas Davout kwenikweni rearguard ake, amene nthawi zonse anali pokana ndi Cossack Ataman Platov , ndi General Miloradovich omenyana. October 22 pa Vyazma Russian mdani rearguard oletsedwa msewu ku West. Ngakhale kuti asilikali a Davoust analandira reinforcements, Russian anathyola iye. Pa tsiku limenelo, asilikali Napoleon anamwalira za 8000 asilikali. Atagonjetsedwa ku Vyazma mfumu m'malo mwa "Iron polimbana" (otchedwa dziko Davoust) monga mkulu wa asilikali pa asilikali polimbana Nehemiya.

imfa lina lalikulu la Russian Army Corps wa Davout anavutika nkhondo pafupi ndi mudzi wa Red, umene unachitikira ku 3 November 6. Akuthawa Smolensk, ndi French ankafuna kusiya chizunzo Russian ndi kuchoka kwa mtsinje Berezina. Pambuyo nkhondo imeneyi, thupi la polimbana Davoust kumeneko pokhapokha zalembedwa.

Kugonjetsedwa kwa France

Davoust sanali m'gulu la adzasonkhanitsa wa Napoleon, amene anapereka adani awo kwa Paris. Mu 1813 ndi 1814 kumenyana kumpoto kwa Germany, Hamburg kuteteza kuzinga asilikali Russian ndi Prussian. Ngakhale kuti kuzinga zinachitika popanda kuukira zachiwawa ndi mabomba, Hamburg asilikali akadali m'manja mwa adani awo.

Pamene Napoleon France zowawa zankhondo ndiponso zandale kugonjetsedwa, Louis-Nicolas Davout, amene yonena wakhala chikugwirizana ndi Napoleon, ndi okhulupirika kwa iye. Ndipo ngakhale pamene anali mu ukapolo pachilumba cha Elba, Davout sanafooke maganizo awo. Pamene Napoleon anafika kum'mwera kwa dziko, anayamba kuguba wopambana ulendo ku Paris, Lui Davu n'kumakhala naye. Pa nthawi ya "masiku mazana", anakhala pa positi kwa Nduna ya nkhondo mu France.

Pamene Bourbons anabwerera ku mphamvu, Davoust anali wotchuka kwambiri mu dziko, ndipo makamaka mu nkhondo. Iye, monga ena a adzasonkhanitsa wa Napoleon, anataya tithe ake onse ndi maudindo, koma posakhalitsa - mu 1817, pofuna kupewa mkwiyo pa anthu, iye anabwerera maudindo akale onse ndi magulumagulu. Patapita zaka ziwiri, Davoust anakwanitsa osati kuti amukopere maulamuliro, komanso kuti akhale mnzanu wa France.

June 1, 1823 Louis-Nicolas Davout anamwalira ndi chifuwa chachikulu m'mapapo mwanga mu Paris.