Zimayambitsa wa French kuukira boma, zaka, zochitika, zotsatira

The French kuukira boma chikudziwika ngati kusintha yaikulu ya ndale ndi chikhalidwe cha dziko ndi kuwonongedwa kwathunthu kwa mafumu mtheradi. Malinga ndi olemba mbiri, zinatha vyakujumpha (kuchokera 1789 mpaka 1799).

zifukwa

France kwa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu - ndi dziko ndi mafumu mtheradi ndi okwana kusangalala mu dera umoyo ndi zachuma. Mphamvu mu boma lake anadalira pa centralization asilikali ndi malamulo. Chifukwa cha ambiri boma ndi m'mphawi nkhondo m'zaka otsiriza, olamulira analolera kusiya disadvantageous wekha (ndi osawuka, ndi bourgeoisie, makalasi mwayi). Koma ngakhale ndi ntchito, misa anali kunadetsa chikuyenda.

Yoweyula loyamba dissent ananyamuka ngakhale mu ulamuliro wa Louis XV, ndipo anafika pachimake pa ulamuliro wa Louis XVI. Mafuta moto anatsanulira ndi akatswiri andale ntchito ya aphunzitsi (mwachitsanzo, Montesquieu kutsutsa boma, kuitana mfumu ufumuyo, ndi Rousseau Radel ufulu wa anthu). Choncho, kusakhutira ndi okhwima osati strata m'munsi ya anthu, komanso pakati pa anthu ophunzira.

Choncho, chikuchititsa mavuto a French kuukira boma:

• amakana ndi stagnation ubale msika;
• chisokonezo mu dongosolo ulamuliro;
• ziphuphu ndi kugulitsa ya boma;
• osakhoza dongosolo kwa misonkho;
• bwino zinalembedwa malamulo;
• chachikale chinkawavuta dongosolo maudindo kwa magulu osiyanasiyana;
• sakhulupirira kuti maulamuliro;
• kufunika kwa kusintha mu mitundu chuma ndi ndale.

zochitika

The zifukwa pamwamba pa French kuukira boma okha kusonyeza boma mkati mwa dziko. Koma kutsogolera koyamba kuti zisinthe anapanga nkhondo yomenyera ufulu ku America pamene madera English anapandukira Yehova. Ichi chinali chizindikiro kwa magulu onse kuthandiza lingaliro ufulu wa anthu, ufulu ndi ofanana.

The nkhondo chofunika ndalama yaikulu ndalama moponya anaphwa, anafika kuchepekedwa. Anaganiza lachiweruzo ndi States-General, kuti agwire kusintha ndalama. Koma kuti Mulungu anafuna mfumu ndi aphungu ake sizinachitike. Pa msonkhano ku Versailles lachitatu malo wauka wotsutsana ndi kudzitcha okha Assembly National ndi, adamfunsa kuti ndi French Constitution.

Kuchokera kaonedwe ka mbiri yakale, mwachindunji French kuukira boma (masiteji zake mwachidule anafotokoza) anayamba ndi itachita wa Bastille - chizindikiro cha Mafumu - July 14, 1789.

zinthu zonse kwa zaka khumi angathe kugawidwa mmagawo awiri:

1. Constitutional ufumu (mpaka 1792).
2. Girondist nthawi (mpaka May 1793).
3. Jacobean nthawi (mpaka 1794).
4. nthawi Thermidor (mpaka 1795).
5. Directoire nthawi (mpaka 1799).
6. Bryumersky kulanda boma (mapeto a zisinthe, mu November 1799, Napoleon Bonaparte anayamba kulamulira).

Zimayambitsa wa French kuukira boma mu zaka khumi ndi sichinayambe anatsimikiza, koma anthu ali nacho chiyembekezo cha tsogolo labwino, ndipo Bonaparte anakhala awo "mpulumutsi" ndi wolamulira abwino.

ufumu

Korol Lyudovik XVI unachotsedwa September 21, 1792, pambuyo nyumba yake, atazungulira za zikwi makumi awiri mwa opandukawo.

Pamodzi ndi banja lake chinatsekedwa mu Kachisi. Mfumu mlandu kukhumudwitsa mtundu ndi boma. Louis amasiya maloya onse mlanduwu, zochokera Constitution, anadziteteza. Zimene maguluwo twente-foro, anapezeka wolakwa ndipo kuti aphedwe. January 21, 1793 chiganizo anatengedwera kugwira ntchito. October 16, 1793 anaphedwa ndi mkazi wake Marie Antoinette.

Pambuyo pa kuphedwa kwa Louis XVI mayiko ena ndi monarchists French anazindikira mfumu mwana wake Louis-Charles. Komabe, iye sanali zoyembekezeka kukwera wachifumu. Pa zaka khumi mwanayo anamwalira mu Temple, malo m'ndende. Yokhala, chifukwa cha imfa anatchulidwa TB.

Motero ana onse okhala kumeneko anali kokha Maria Teresa, amene anamasulidwa mu 1793 chosinthana ndi akaidi French nkhondo. Iye anapita kunja. Kunyumba, iye anali wokhoza kubwerera okha 1814.

zotsatira

The zotsatira za French kuukira boma, kotero kugwa kwa dongosolo lakale kwachitika. Dziko walowa nyengo yatsopano ndi tsogolo la demokalase komanso pang'onopang'ono.

Komabe, azambiriyakale ambiri amanena kuti zimayambitsa wa French kuukira boma sanayembekezere chotero yaitali ndi wamagazi kusintha. Malinga Aleksisa Tokvilya, chinachake chimene anatsogolera zokhumba chikanachitika ndi yokha nthawi ndipo sakadalola anachititsa akuvutika ambiri.

Gawo lina la mbiri amayamikira tanthauzo la French kuukira boma, akumanena kuti, potengera chitsanzo chake, Latin America lopanda kulamulira.