Amangidwe ndi kuphedwa kwa Louis 16, mfumu ya France

Mbiri ya limati ambiri European ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi nkhani, monga kwa zaka malo amene panali zochitika zambiri: kuchokera oseketsa kuti zomvetsa chisoni. Yotsirizira zikugwirizana ndi kuphedwa kwa Louis 16. Mwina, kuyambira mphindi akuyamba nkhani ya mmene Chachisanu Republic of France. Imfa ya mfumu kwamuyaya kutha kwa French bourgeois Republic.

mfumu amangidwe

Amadziwika kuti Louis anali mwachilungamo ovomerezeka mfumu. Makamaka, iye anamvera malamulo a boma la anakana mafumu mtheradi, kuvomereza kukhazikitsidwa kwa mawonekedwe oyendetsera dziko la boma. Koma pa nthawi yomweyo akuyesa kukakamiza boma zikuwonjezera kusintha kwambiri kwakukulu. Posakhalitsa zinadziwika kuti yaitali sangathe kupitiriza.

Ndithudi, palibe koma ndimaganiza pa nthawi imene n'zotheka kuphedwa kwa Louis 16. Tsiku ake (21 January 1793) anayamba madzulo, kenako Mafumu European Kenako, ndinazindikira kuti iwo, nawonso, ndi akufa.

Banja lachifumu nyerezera kuti athawe dziko. Malowo anali wodzipereka kwa ena anthu ambiri pafupi amene masiku ochepa anali kwambiri adalipo ndege dongosolo. The X ola mfumu banja chakudya popanda kuswa protocol, ananena kwa bwalo, ndiye iwo onse anapita ku bedi ... Koma kunali maonekedwe, monga banja, mfumu naye pa mutu wake, pogwiritsa ntchito ndime chinsinsi, iwo anatuluka m'nyumba ya nakhala ophimba pa.

ndege yoyamba unachitika monga momwe anakonzera, koma chifukwa cha chikondi cha mfumu ya chitonthozo (omwe ndi ofunika osachepera kusiya ngolo), ndondomeko zake zinali zobvomerezeka ndi mzinda wa banja Varenna lonse anagwidwa ndi kumangidwa. Pasanapite nthawi, panali kuphedwa kwa Louis 16. Tsiku la mwambo umenewu ku France lero ulemu monga tsiku kusintha komaliza kwa mtundu Republican boma.

Kodi izo zonse zinayamba

January 16, 1793 French Convention takambirana atatu funso chidwi kwambiri:

• Choyamba, kaya mfumu anali wolakwa. 683 anakuvoterani mamembala Msonkhanowu chisankho pafupifupi pamodzi.
• Chachiwiri, m'malo ngati chigamulo kusamutsa tsoka lake m'manja mwa anthu? Monga momwe zinalili m'mbuyomu, kusankha chimodzi. No ambiri.
• Pomaliza, chilango chimene ayenera kusankhidwa kwa mfumu ... Izi ndi nkhani yokha imene maganizo amakhala wogawanika. Pa kuphedwa kwa Louis 16 anthu 387 anakuvoterani m'ndende - anthu 334.

Choncho, maganizo a anthu 53 anali yokhala Louis ndi Marie Antoinette anali kuti aphedwe. Ngakhale izi, ndi mkangano waukulu wapitiriza kwa masiku angapo. Koma January 19, tinasankha chomaliza - kuti kuphedwa kwa Louis 16 masana. njira wakhala osankhidwa mwachizolowezi, guillotining. Choncho, amangidwe ndi kuphedwa kwa Louis 16 alinso ndi masiku ochepa.

Kodi kuchita izo mfumu?

Pamene mfumu inali m'ndende ku Kachisi. Atamva mfundo imene Convention, anapempha kuti khungu lake kupewedwa Abbe Edgeworth de A Fremont. Monga ananena wansembe yekha, onse anali yekha kwa maola angapo, monga mfumu anali aakulu mantha mantha. Choyamba, iwo onse analira, koma posachedwapa, Louis anapeza mphamvu kukhadzikika.

Iye anafunsa wansembe amukhululukire pakuti indelicate kuwonetsera kufooka kwake. Mfumu anavomereza kuti anali yaitali anakhala pakati mdani, mtundu wa pafupifupi yekha nzika yokhulupirika chabe mbakuya. Pambuyo pake, Louis anapempha abbot kumutsatira mu chipinda lotsatira. Wansembe anali unpleasantly anadabwa austerity nduna: pa makoma ake panalibe wallpaper Kutentha anayankha otsika phale uvuni, ndi mipando yonse inkakhala angapo mipando ndi Sofa yaing'ono. Louis 16, mfumu ya France (kumangidwa ndiponso kuphedwa kwa amene anafotokoza m'nkhani) anabzala yekha pamaso abbot lapansi.

Chisoni ...

Louis anavomereza kuti anatsala ndi chochitika chimodzi yekhayo amene amafuna njira yomweyo. The abbot ananena kuti akutchula za Duke wa Orleans mfumu mozindikira ndi adawusa moyo kuwawa mtima. Choncho iye anadandaula kuti msuweni wake amafuna ndi ndikukhumba iye zoipa. Louis anakhululukira msuwani wake ndipo anati iye sankafuna kukhala pa udindo wake, chifukwa "n'kogwiritsa adzampereka."

Koma kukambirana anali mawu anatumiza kunachitika. Anabwera kuchokera m'zipinda za pamwamba a ndende inanena kuti mfumu analola maulendo banja.

Kukomana ndi kukambirana ndi banja

Woyamba anali mfumukazi, kutsogolera ndi m'manja mwa mwana wake. Ake - Mlongo Elizabeth Mfumu. Onse a iwo anathamangira mu mikono ya autocrat, ndipo mu maminiti pang'ono otsatirawa linamveka okha sobs. Pamenepo mfumu otchedwa pa zonse chitani chipinda chodyera.

Pali iwo sanalankhule, anthu onse a m'banja misozi ndi kumukumbatira mzake. Posakhalitsa, nthawi inakwana kuti anatsanzikana. Mfumukazi kusiya, anafunsa Louis ndithudi kuwona iwo mawa. Pa mfumu anayankha protestations kwadzaoneni chikondi kwambiri banja lake ndipo anapempha kupemphera kwa ife ndi iye.

Posakhalitsa, Louis anabwerera abbot, ndi yamasika ananena kuti mfumu mu mkhalidwe woopsa mantha mantha. Wansembeyo anakhala naye mpaka usiku, ndipo kenako akufuna kuti Mfumu akupumula, monga anaona kutopa kwambiri. Mtumiki Clary anali maso pa bedi ya mfumu, ndipo abbot anali m'tulo akupumula mu chipinda, amene nthawi zambiri mtumiki tulo. Choncho kutha tsiku lomaliza. Mmawa wotsatira anali kutenga malo kuphedwa kwa Louis 16 ...

M'mawa wa tsiku lomaliza

Mtumiki Mfumu ndinadzuka faifi koloko m'mawa. Valet anayamba ndi kaonekedwe 16 Louis, Mfumu ya France, nthawi yomweyo akuyesa kuika chinkhoswe mphete, amene zambiri zobisika mu thumba wotchi. Pambuyo pake, iye anatumanso kwa abbot, amene analankhula kwa pafupifupi ola limodzi. Mukamaliza ndi ichi, wansembe mwambo wa Misa, Mfumu ya nthawi zonse anaima maondo pansi adachitira umboni.

Zinaoneka kuti Louis bata ndithu. The abbot nthawi kusiya Mfumu, ndipo pamene iye akubwerera, iye amaona ngati iye akugwada pafupi mbaula ndi thupi lake agwedeza mu ankanjenjemera. Pa nthawi yomweyo, nthawi bwino m'bandakucha mudakhumudwapo mu mlengalenga m'mawa, ndipo onse pa Paris kumenya ng'oma. Pakati pa asanu ndi asanu ndi atatu m'mawa asilikali ambiri kugogoda pa khomo kwa selo, kupeza pretexts zosiyanasiyana izi. Pa nthawi imeneyo ndinkaona Louis 16? aphedwe mfumu kuti kudzachitika monga maola angapo, koma chifukwa anali ndi mantha ndithu.

Posachedwa kugunda msewu ...

Louis Izi anazindikira ndi kumwetulira ndi alonda ake, zikuoneka, mantha, monga ngati mfumu yawo yakale sanatenge poizoni kapena kudzipha ndi njira zina. Pa eyiti koloko ndi mfumu anafika a boma m'deralo. Mfumu anawapereka chipangano chake lovomerezeka ndi wotsiriza wa Louis wake 125, anapempha kupereka mmodzi wa ndalamawo. Ena poyamba zinthu odzikweza, koma anachita kugwirizana kuchita zokhumba onse ang'onoang'ono mfumu. Choncho Louis 16, amene ayenera kutenga malo posachedwa chilango chake chinali, zinthu modziwika wolemekezeka ndi bata.

Kenako anafunsa asilikali, "kuti apirire maminiti ochepa," ndipo anabwerera kachiwiri kwa wansembe. Iye amagwa mawondo ake n'kumuuza kuti amudalitse iye, chifukwa iye akuona kuti awonekere patangotsala Yehova ...

Patapita mphindi pang'ono pakhomo panali mawu amphamvu, amatikumbutsa Louis kufunika kupita. "Chabwino, tiyeni" - iye walola mfumu. Analamulira chete zosaneneka monga ophimba nkhosa anagamulidwa kuti utasintha Square. Scaffold bwalo kanazunguliridwa mfuti, amene adatumizidwa kwa zosonyeza mwachindunji mu khamulo. Zifukwa njira amenewa anali, monga ambiri kuonelela ndipo iwo anali zida m'mano. Posachedwapa Mfumu chichitike kuphedwa kwa Louis 16 France ...

Mphindi wake womaliza King

Pamene ophimba anaima, mfumu, adapotolokera kwa wansembe, iye anati: "Ine ndikuganiza ife tafika." Khomo la ophimba pa adatsegula chimodzi cha alonda. Mfumu pang'ono saleka gendarmes, amene anapita poyamba, ndipo anati iwo anayang'ana pambuyo abbot pambuyo pa imfa yake, ndipo palibe munthu amaloledwa kuti amenye.

Mfumu anakwera pa scaffold yekha, gait ake mosapita m'mbali. Panthawi imeneyi ng'oma ndi anamenyedwa kwambiri moti Louis anafuula kwa chete. mkwiyo wake kunali kuti undressed yekha, otsala mu kabudula shati, thalauza ndi masitonkeni. Adzawononga anabwera kwa mfumu ndi cholinga zomangira, koma aja anachoka iwo, ndipo ananena kuti sikusokoneza kuphedwa, koma ankaoneka kuti angayerekeze kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.

Pakuti, iye anatembenukira kwa wansembe. The abbot kuti Mfumu Louis-wofera 16 ayenera ayi, chifukwa kudzichepetsa kumupanga iye amaoneka ngati Khristu. Poyankha, mfumu inayamba kulankhula zimene iye adawakhululukira onse ndi otchedwa zinzawozo ubwino wa France. Koma kuphedwa kwa Mfumu Louis 16 zinachitika mofulumira kuposa iye akanakhoza kunena chilichonse.

Kodi izo zinatha

Pa nthawi imeneyo, General Santerre amene adalamulira repossession, analumphira pa kavalo wake patsogolo. Iye anafuula ankawauza, ng'oma anayamba kumenya kachiwiri, ndi alonda adagwa mfumu, kuyesera kuti muvale kuti bolodi. Popeza panali asanu ndi limodzi, nkhondo inatha mofulumira. Board ndi Ufumuyo thereto Louis pansi mpeni yoikika inanyongedwa.

Wansembe anatsamira kwa iye monong'ona, "Mwana wa St. Louis, anabwera kumwamba." Panthawi imeneyi wakupha adatchithisira mpeni wa inanyongedwa, ndi thud kuti anabwereza pabwalopo. mphindi chotsatira khamu anafuula, munthu bellowed: "Ulemerero kwa Republic," Chimodzi cha alonda aphata mutu yodulidwa ndipo anasonyeza kuti anthu mafunde. Choncho zinachitika kuphedwa kwa Louis 16 France. Zinali 9 maola Mphindi 10 m'mawa January 21, 1793.