Kolumb Hristofor ndi Kupezeka kwa America

Hristofor Kolumb anabadwa mu banja la Genoese nsalu-draper mu 1451. Ubwana ndi unyamata ya wofufuza m'tsogolo, mwana wamkulu m'banjamo, wadutsa mu kuluka ogwirira ntchito kumene anathandiza bambo ake pa ntchito. Komabe, kuyambira ali mwana analota za lakutali maulendo. Kale kumayambiriro 1470 ndi Kolumb Hristofor woyamba akulowa mu kugula ulendo wake woyamba. biographers ambiri ku Italy otchuka amakhulupirira kuti pa nthawi anabadwa lingaliro la kupeza njira zatsopano
India. Akukhulupirira kuti zinthu zimenezi akhoza kumuuza anthu pa nthawi ya malo, ndi zakuthambo Paolo Toscanelli.

Njira yatsopano ku India

Pa nthawi imeneyi, muyenera kusiya pa zinthu asilikali pandale ku Ulaya pa nthawi. mfundo ndi yakuti mu kum'mawa kwa Africa unakula kwambiri Muslim Ottoman. Mwachitsanzo, mu 1453, izo anagwidwa ndi likulu lakale la Ufumu Byzantine - Constantinople (umene masiku athu ndi Turkey mumzinda waukulu wa Istanbul). Izi ufumu wamphamvu m'zaka za m'ma XV. kwenikweni oletsedwa tingachipeze powerenga silika apaulendo njira ku Ulaya Asia poika ntchito yapamwamba pa amalonda, ndi kuteteza chitukuko cha malonda amenewa. Komabe, kum'mawa nthawi anakopeka anthu a World Old. Musataye kutchuka nthano za anthu a lowoneka ndi chuma chadzaoneni wa East. Mfundo zimenezi anakhudza lingaliro la kupeza zopatuka zina ku East, makamaka India. Chenicheni cha njira zimenezi Inter zina zotere, anatsimikizira "mnyamata" panthawi kopanda wa sphericity a Dziko Lapansi.

The ulendo wotchuka ku India

Kolumb Hristofor anafika ku Portugal mu 1477, pamene abwenzi ndi anthu, anasintha moyo wake. Ndizolowere ndi mfundo za panyanja, ndi nzeru
mu Maulendo kugula, apaulendo koyamba lingaliro kuyesa kupeza njira India, nazo Afrkansky Africa. Ndi maganizo ichi, adatembenukira kwa Chipwitikizi mfumu Juan III mu 1483. Komabe, anatulukira tsogolo la polojekiti ankaoneka mfumu kwambiri zosaneneka, komanso prohibitively mtengo. Kolumb Hristofor anakanidwa. Komanso, kwa zaka zisanu ndi zinayi lotsatira, iye anapulumuka zisanu zolephera ofanana. Padakali mu 1492, ulendo ofanana sanali ovomerezeka. Maulendowa choyamba anapita nyanja anapatsidwa August 3, 1492. Mpheroyi atatu ngalawa yaing'ono kwambiri "Pinta" "Nina" (kutanthauza "pang'ono") ndi "Santa Maria". Mbiri wotsatira wa momwe oyendetsa kusochera, anapita pamodzi osati Africa, mpaka kukafika kumadzulo, ndi chodziwika. patangodutsa miyezi iwiri yokha, October 12, 1492 ndi kale oyendetsa wosimidwa anaona m'chizimezime a dziko lapansi. Icho chinali chimodzi cha masiku Bahamas. Kenako, Columbus anapanga maulendo atatu zambiri kugombe la kontinenti latsopano. Komabe mwakayakaya pambuyo ulendo chachinayi, iye anamwalira mu 1506. Zodabwitsa, konse podziwa kuti anazindikira osati njira yatsopano ndi kontinenti latsopano. Zimenezi akumuuza dziko wina wotchuka wa ku Italy - Amerigo Vespucci. Ndi ulemu wa kutsegula njira kulambalala kwa India mphoto Vasco da Gama.

Kutanthauza navigation Columbus, Great Hrs kutsegula zambiri

Kuwonjezera Africa kuti anapeza mwa Hristofor Kolumb, izo zinkayenera koma kuti kwambiri kusintha nkhope ya dziko lathu. Osati poyerekezera ndi chidziwitso Hrs, komanso muzochitika zones za moyo wa World Old. Pa misika European anasefukira mankhwala ambiri atsopano nkhokwe za golide za chitukuko American. Zimenezi anakhudza otchedwa wosazindikira kudzikundikira likulu, chitukuko cha chuma msika ndi bizinesi. Sadzachitanso kutsegula Africa pa zaka zingapo zotsatira, anthu kunyumba kwa colonizers ambiri amene anayambitsa boma lawo mtsogolo. m'mayiko osiyanasiyana ku Ulaya akhala lonse atsamunda maufumu, amene osati anapanga anthu olankhula zinenero zamakolo (osati America komanso m'madera ena padziko lapansi) kuti ntchito okha, koma anathandizanso kuvomerezedwa ndi European mfundo ofotokoza padziko lonse. Kumene, Kolumb Hristofor si yekhayo amene zinakhudza kwambiri chitukuko cha mbiri ya dziko lapansi, kuwonjezera pa iye, panali mazana a anthu ena apaulendo, theorists ndi instigators. Komabe, mosakayikira wina wa apainiya kwambiri.