Miyeso Old kutalika ndi kulemera

Kale, ndi muyeso kulemera ndi kutalika kwa anthu anatumikira, mwachitsanzo kulemera - zingati adzatha kukatenga pa mapewa ake, kutalika - momwe amatambasula.

kutalika Mpesa miyeso anali kuperekedwa dongosolo, womwenso mfundo monga mtunda, mapazi asanu ndi awiri, mitunda, inchi, inchi ndi mawondo.

Motero, tikambirana mfundo zofunika. Arshin - muyeso kutalika kuti liri 0,7112m (mawu amakono). Kwa bwalo anatengedwa kutenga n'zotsimikizira, amene adayikidwa mu vershoks magawano.

miyeso Old m'litali ndi Mabaibulo osiyanasiyana magwero ake. Kutanthauzira loyamba la bwalo la - kutalika kwa sitepe anthu pamene akuyenda lathyathyathya mtunda paliŵiro loyenera (za makumi masentimita). tanthauzo limeneli kutengedwa ngati mtengo kutchulidwa kwa akusonyeza mawu monga versta ndi mapazi asanu ndi awiri. Ngakhale tikaonetsetsa kapangidwe ka mawu "pabwalo" mukhoza kuwona kuti muzu wake "Ari" chinenero wakale amatanthauza "padziko lapansi" kapena "dziko", kutsimikizira ndi maganizo a akatswiri a zinenero kuti wakale Russian muyeso kutalika ntchito kudziwa kutalika kwa ulendo wapansi.

Panalinso dzina lina muyeso ichi - "sitepe" mwachitsanzo, Akaunti adzakhalanso mu masitepe a munthu wamkulu ( "fathoms zazing'ono" "boma akumeneko Fathoms").

Starorusskaya waypoint muyeso kutalika - versta kusonyeza mtunda yapatsiridwa kwa wina kwa kasinthasintha ena a pulawo pa yolima. Mu kufanana ndi lofanana la "munda" mfundo ziwirizi kwa nthawi yaitali ntchito ngati muyeso wakale wa utali. Mu ulamuliro wa Peter Wamkulu, munthu mtunda wa ukugwira mayadi 500 (mamita 1066,8 mawu amakono). Mu 1649 anatenga "mezhevaya kilomita" ndi wofanana fathoms chikwi. Chinachake ina (XVIII m'ma) ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito chinthu choterocho monga waypoint verst (pyatisotnaya versta).

Monga miyeso yaing'ono kutalika mu Russia monga unit zofunika ntchito "chikhatho chimodzi", limene kuchokera m'ma XVII, kuti "kotala pabwalo." Choncho, pali zinthu zoterozo kutalika mpesa monga mainchesi awiri (theka inchi) ndi inchi (imodzi-kota inchi).

Mmodzi wa miyeso ambiri yaitali Russia anali "FM" ndi zina kusiyana ndi ntchito zina, ndipo mu udzakwaniritsidwa. Panali mpaka kusiyana khumi. Mwachitsanzo, "centrifugal kunenera" ndi mtunda pakati pa malekezero a zala ambiri spaced wa munthu wamkulu dzanja wamwamuna. Ndipo mawu akuti "oblique sazhen" anatsimikiza ndi mtunda kuchokera chala cha phazi la kumanzere lamanja chala chapakati sanauke.

Akumana ndipo ngakhale tanthauzo la yaitali Russia wakalekale "chigongono", amene anali wofanana ndi kutalika kwa dzanja ku mosavuta m'zigongono. mtengo wake, malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, kuyambira masentimita 38 mpaka 47. Koma kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma XVI, akuti chaposedwa ndi mawu akuti "pabwalo".

Old muyeso kulemera ku Russia zinali ndi mawu awa:

- kachigawo (0.044 g);

- Wopanda (4.27 g);

- mapaundi (Hryvnia) ofanana 96 spools (0.41 kg);

- pud anaphatikizana mapaundi 40 (16.38 kg).

Alionse m'dzikoli pali zaka Russian anali unit zing'onozing'ono misa wofanana 1/96 ndi muyeso spool. Spool, nayenso anali wofanana 1/96 wa magalamu ndipo amaimira ndalama golide.

Mapaundi anali chizindikiro ndi muyeso kulemera, komanso unit ndalama. Mawu amenewa kambirimbiri akamaona kulemera kwa gawo la ritelo. Ankaperekerako masekeli a zitsulo zamtengo wapatali (golide ndi Siliva).

Pud anali ofanana ndi mapaundi anai.

Palinso chotero muyeso kulemera, monga "berkovets" ntchito mwakhama malonda yogulitsa kwa masekeli mabuku yaikulu ya katundu (mwachitsanzo, sera kapena uchi). Mu Russia, mawu Analeredwa ndi kulemera kwa ndalama khumi, amene ali wofanana ndi unyinji wa mbiya ya phula ipitirirabe munthu m'bwato wamalonda a. Kutchula koyamba za Berkovtsy anakumana magwero chibwenzi m'mbuyo m'zaka za m'ma XII (udzatha la amalonda a Novgorod wa Prince Vsevolod Gabriel Mstislavovich).