Womera mu nkhalango ndi amene amakhala? Kufotokozera za masika ndi autumn nkhalango

Kodi tikudziwa zimene kukula mu nkhalango? Zingaoneke funso lophweka, koma ambiri linasiiratu bwinobwino. Ndipo ngati kusokoneza? Mwachitsanzo, funsani chimene ndi nkhalango, ndi amene nyama ndi mbalame moyo uliwonse wa mitundu ake?

Nditawerenga nkhaniyo, mudzadziwa mayankho a mafunso ambiri za mitundu ya nkhalango ndi anthu ake, komanso zomera ndi mitengo. Ndipo mu gawo lotsiriza, ife kulankhula za anthu oopsa kwa nkhalango.

Kodi nkhalango?

Musanayambe mukudziwa kuti nkhalango ikukula, Usadzipweteka kufotokoza zimene nkhalango konse.

Kamodzi amatchedwa nkhalango kapena zosiyanasiyana zopangira sayansi. Ndipo m'chilengedwe, ndi "malo amene mitengo kukula," ndipo osakaniza zovuta za zomera zosiyanasiyana, ndi "mapapo dziko". ndi mutu wa yolondola kwambiri chiyani? Zosintha onse akaphatikiza kupereka yankho lolondola. Tiyeni tiyese zopanga tanthauzo la nkhalango. Forest - malo pamene pali mitengo ndi udzu, mbalame yamoyo ndi nyama, tizilombo ndi tizilombo. Onse pamodzi amapanga zovuta dongosolo zachilengedwe, ndi unyolo chakudya ndi mchitidwe wa mu dera limodzi. Chabwino, topezeka lonse ndi molumikizana ndi ambiri ofanana kwenikweni zosavuta padziko lathuli. Kodi ntchito ya m'mapapo? Yankho lake ndi losavuta - kupuma mpweya wabwino m'thupi mwa munthu kapena nyama. Zikugwira nkhalango, iwo kuyeretsa zakhudzana mpweya, kumasulidwa mpweya, umene uli wamtengo wapatali kwambiri ndipo lipindulitsa pa ife. Kodi inu mwazindikira momwe woyera ndi Mpweya mu nkhalango? Monga zabwino ndi zosabvuta kupuma kumeneko? Choncho, akuyenda mu nkhalango kotero zothandiza nthawi chitukuko ndi mankhwala mafakitale mafakitale.

Kodi nkhalango?

Kodi mu nkhalango ikukula, komanso zimatengera mtundu wa nkhalango. Sankhani iliyonse chisonyezo kwa gulu ndi zovuta, chifukwa chikhalidwe amakonda zosiyanasiyana. Mukhoza kugawanitsa matabwa pa malo awo "malo" mu kum'mawa, kumwera kunyanja, ndipo n'zotheka malinga ndi nyengo zawo "khalidwe", monga:

• Yobiriwira (nkhalango, mitengo ndi kusintha masamba ngati tsitsi la munthu - ofooka kugwa ndi atsopano kukula mu malo awo).
• Deciduous (amene masamba kuguluka m'nyengo yozizira, ndi atsopano kukula m'chaka).
• Conifers (amene kukula conifers - spruce ndi mkungudza, paini ndi cypresses).
• Obwerawa kapena polulistopadnye.

Ife kulankhula za deciduous ndi nkhalango coniferous, komanso kukuuzani m'nkhalango ya paini ndi anthu ake. Aliyense nkhalango, zomera ndi moyenera, okhala. Flora (ie, zomera) komanso zimapezeka uliwonse wa zamoyo.

Okhala ndi zomera nkhalango coniferous

nkhalango Coniferous nthawi zambiri amatchedwa nayonso. Ndizovuta yobiriwira nayonso kunyumba kwa nyama zosiyanasiyana. Nyama moyo apa ndi ubweya wapamwamba. Kupanda kutero, basi chisanu pamene dzinja mu nkhalango yaitali kwambiri, achisanu ndi waukali, ndipo m'chilimwe, ngakhale ofunda, koma yochepa mokwanira.

Pano, pa nthambi chipale anaphimba wa firs ndi mkungudza Tingaone Shishkarev (zomwe nalo dzina lake chifukwa wakudya cones paini, komanso yogawanika iwo milomo yawo yachilendo naperekrest) ndi lalikulu ndi yaikulu nthenga nkhuni grouse. Kuyambira nyama zing'onozing'ono pang'ono moyo pano chipmunks fluffy ndi stoats, uchitsiru wokongola sable, amene ubweya nthawi zonse wofunika kwambiri. Iye amakhala mu nkhalango boreal, wokongola amphaka, zofiirira chimbalangondo ndi yaikulu ose chachikulu, komanso wolverine osowa.

The zomera nkhalango nayonso wolemera. The gawo chapamwamba tichipeza mitengo coniferous - mitengo ya mkungudza lalikulu ndi paini, mlombwa, larch ndi pine. Ndipo, ndithudi, kudya. Herringbone mu nkhalango, kuyambira nyimbo odziwika bwino, osalephera, anabadwa ndendende ngati nayonso.

Therere limakula apa si kwambiri mitundu, ndipo, nthawi zambiri, mu nkhalango zina amapezeka. Ichi ndi chifukwa gawo chapamwamba za kuthengo ndi lalitali kwambiri, ndipo amalola dzuwa pang'ono, kotero kupulumuka mu zinthu izi pokhapokha undemanding ndere Moss mitundu yosiyana kwambiri. mwapadera ziperekedwe kwa ndere, pali ambiri a iwo, iwo ali wapamwamba zosiyanasiyana ndiponso kudyetsa zimayambira zokoma awo nyama ambiri, ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira, kumverera aakulu, ngakhale pansi chisanu achisanu.

Amene amakhala m'nkhalango ya paini?

Pine nkhalango - nkhalango? Inde, ndi nkhalango, amene chogwidwa ndi pine. Pa kudzazidwa ndi nkhalango izi ngati m'dera limeneli. Komanso, pali kukula m'nkhalango zakutchire adyo ndi chitumbuwa, Aspen ndi blueberries, ndipo amatchedwa wakuda rasipiberi. Coniferous-deciduous nkhalango - dzina lachiwiri la wosanganiza m'nkhalango ya paini.

mitengo Pine m'nkhalango izi kukula wamtali kwambiri ndi ang'ono. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti iwo, ngati mtengo uliwonse, wofunitsitsa kuti dzuwa, ndipo zidakwezekanso kuti njira cheza ofunda a Korona zakale anyamata awo.

Pinery wolemera bowa kuti akule bwino mu nthaka, mowolowa manja flavored ndi masingano akugwa. Pansi pa mitengo mkulu mu travushke wofatsa kubisala bowa ndi bowa, ndi bowa birch luteus.

Mwatsoka, woyera paini nkhalango sali wolemera kwambiri anthu, chifukwa iwo ndi chakudya pang'ono. Koma mu nkhalango wosanganiza kunyumba kwa mbalame zambiri, nguluwe ndi nkhandwe. Gwape ndi mbawala, nayenso, muthanso nyumba wabwino apa. Komanso, tikuona pakati pa m'nkhalango ya urchins kwambiri ndipo mwamsanga monga martens ndi mphezi.

Amene angathe kuona nkhalango deciduous?

Deciduous nkhalango - ndi limodzi lomwe likulamuliridwa ndi mitengo ndi zitsamba ndi deciduous. Komanso, nkhalango izi angatchedwe deciduous chifukwa yozizira masamba kugwa kwake ndi masika latsopano.

Zomera kukula mu nkhalango (udzu, maluwa, zipatso), amapanga gawo m'munsi. The gawo pakati - ndi tchire ndi wamtali - mitengo. Izi zili choncho makamaka phulusa ndi elms, mitengo ndi linden, birch ndi alder.

Mu udzu (m'munsi gawo) ndi nthaka kunyumba kwa tizilombo ambiri ang'ono ndi mphutsi yawo, komanso mbewa ubiquitous.

The zomera za m'nkhalango deciduous si yosiyanasiyana, koma chidwi. Amapanga hedgehog prickly, agologolo kudya, nkhandwe ndi mimbulu, Boar zakutchire ndi mbawala, marten ndi chipmunks, yoongoka ndi ferrets. Mu m'mitengo mkulu yokhotakhota zisa zawo woodpeckers ndi goldfinches, nightingales ndi Siskin.

Kukula pano zipatso, wagawo ndi kufotokozera ifunika podziwa kuti mulibe mwangozi kusokoneza inedible Berry osati poizoni. Edible pano cranberries ndi strawberries, blueberries komanso angapezeke ndi salinso mu udzu, ndi kungokhala pamodzimodzi zitsamba zakuda ndi rowan.

nkhalango Deciduous amapanga pafupifupi 25% ya nkhalango zonse ku Ulaya kuti sikokwanira.

M'dzinja nkhalango ndi nkhalango yozizira

Nyundo ndi yozizira - pokha pa nthawi zachisoni kwa nkhalango ndi anthu ake. Chakumapeto kwa chaka cha nyama wosasakaza kukolola m'matangadza, zimene zingakuthandizeni kuti adzapulumuke yozizira. Mwachitsanzo, agologolo Umbombo mtedza, mbewa raze kuuluka tirigu, nyama zomwe adzapita mu hibernation, kuzinenepetsa mafuta zovuta kudya - ndi malire a. Izi zingawathandize kuti emaciated yaitali miyezi itatu, pamene iwo ogona awo "nyumba".

Yophukira - nthawi yokolola. Bowa ndi mizu, zomera ndi herbarium ndi zothandiza, masamba ndi masamba, mtedza, zipatso zokwana ndi cones - zonsezi "chuma" zimapsa mu kugwa.

Forest m'nyengo yozizira nkhanza ndi taciturn. Ine simungathe kumva zoimba, iwo anaulukira kwa kum'mwera, ndi kubwerera mu kasupe. Osati phokoso masamba, kupatula muzitha rustle masamba wagwa. birdsong sanazimve kwambiri pamaso pa kuzizira anaulukira kwa climes otentha.

Bowa, zipatso ndi zina nkhalango wabwino m'nyengo yozizira, ndithudi, osati kupeza, koma ngati kamphepo frosty, kusangalala ndi yozizira kukayenda, mumasilira mitengo mu siliva chisanu ndi zabwino kwambiri, ndi zothandiza.

Spring ndi chilimwe mu nkhalango

Spring ndi chilimwe - nthawi yabwino nkhalango.

Spring mu nkhalango - m'nyengo kudzutsidwa kwa dzinja tulo take ndi kubwezeretsa zachilengedwe. Komanso, mu kasupe, pamene zisanathe maluwa masamba akhoza kukhala bwino kuganizira makhalidwe a zomera ndi zitsamba. Chidwi cha anthu amene ali ndi chidwi mu chikhalidwe, kungabweretse impso. Pa mitengo osiyana, iwo angakhale osiyana wokhwima. Ndiko kuti, kale mitengo ife tikhoza kuwona masamba wosakhwima mu Mphukira, ndipo ngakhale "akugona" - zolimba mdima masamba. Komanso, pamene nthambi kwathunthu amaliseche, m'pamenenso kuona chidwi, koma samalani kwambiri okhala nkhalango.

Sungani mu nkhalango masika koma, ndithudi, palibe. Koma ichi ndi zipatso ndi bowa. Koma mizu zothandiza ndi zomera kuti ndikasendeza kukumba N'kutheka.

Nyama, inunso kuyambira kuphuka mkombero yatsopano ya moyo. Ena tuluka mwa hibernation (zimbalangondo, hedgehogs), ena akufunafuna mwamuna kuti kubereka ana. Pochokera nyengo yofunda, mbalame zosamukasamuka, ndi kasupe wamng'ono nkhalango pang'onopang'ono wodzazidwa ndi birdsong.

Chilimwe nkhalango waima patsogolo pathu, mu kukongola konse ndi kuchuluka kwa yokongola. Rustle mu udzu vole-mbewa pa mapesi mwakhama nyerere kukwawa ndi zouluka pa mutu wa anakwiya ndi odzazidwa ndi kafadala awo zochitika ndi bumblebees. Kale wakucha mu udzu, zamanyazi ngati rube wapatali, zipatso strawberries. Chilimwe wokongola nkhalango.

Kodi amatipatsa nkhalango?

chakuti nkhalango chikamakula, kungakhale kothandiza kwambiri ndi chokoma.

Tikuuze za thanzi la wina wa mphatso takambirana mitundu ya nkhalango.

nkhalango Deciduous amapereka mitundu yambiri ya bowa edible. Pali iye ndi inedible, kotero muyenera kusamala kukatenga bowa, ngati inu sakuzindikira iwo.

Zipatso mu nkhalango deciduous kwambiri. M'chaka ndi yotentha ndi sitiroberi, yophukira nkhalango amachitira mabulosi akuda kucha ndi rosehips n'zothandiza kwambiri. Ndi kugwa ndidzayimba ndi mtedza mtengo - zokoma ndipo mwatsoka, ndi chosowa.

Ndipo, ndithudi, mankhwala monga yarrow, motherwort.

Tayozhny matabwa (kapena coniferous) olemera paini mtedza. Iwo zokoma, zosavuta kupukusa ndi wolemera mu zakudya.

nkhalango Pine amatipatsa ofunika ndi zothandiza zomera, monga thyme (ndendende chifukwa akupanga chokoma ndi zothandiza otsekemera) ndi cladonia, lomwe limatchedwanso mphalapala ndere.

anthu oopsa kwa nkhalango

Ngakhale kukongola kwa nkhalango, sitiyenera kuiwala kuti pangakhale zowopsa. Musanapite ku nkhalango, tiyenera kudziwa za ngozi zomwe zingakhalepo.

• Njoka. Izi zokwawa oopsa loopsa kwambiri thanzi la alendo wosasamala. Apo iwo ali pafupifupi mtundu wa nkhuni. Choncho, ngati mukupita ku nkhalango, onetsetsani kuti kusamalira nsapato chatsekedwa zipangizo wandiweyani. Iwo adzateteza mapazi anu, osati kuchokera zotheka njoka kuluma, komanso ndi punctures zimakhalapo nthambi lakuthwa.
• Akangaude. Iwo, monga njoka, nawonso, kukhala pafupifupi kulikonse. Kutetezedwa bwino ndi iwo - kusamala wanu. Yayikulu zingwe lalikulu intaneti.
• Nkhupakupa. Iwo akhoza kukhala zoopsa kwambiri osati kubweretsa kusapeza, komanso kuwononga kwambiri thanzi lanu. Ichi ndi chifukwa ena a iwo akhoza kukhala ndi matenda oopsa - encephalitis. Choncho ndi bwino pamene tikupita pa kuyenda nkhalango, kuvala zovala chatsekedwa achilengedwe, ndi mosamala kuyendera nyumba inuyo ndi banja lanu chifukwa nkhupakupa. Ngati tizilombo izi wapezeka, m'pofunika kuwona dotolo. Iye adzachotsa mudzichonga, ndipo thupi lake anatumiza kufufuza kuti atsimikize ngati ndi encephalitic.
• Udzudzu. Likukhalira ndi udzudzu, nawonso zingakhale zovulaza thanzi. Ngakhale ngati simuli siligwirizana ndi kulumidwa awo, ndi bwino kuchitira m'madera poyera (nkhope, manja) ndi opopera wapadera kapena creams.
• njuchi zakutchire ndi mavu ndi oopsa pa mapangidwe touluka kapena mwangozi kapena mwadala chiwonongeko cha zisa zawo. Kwa chitetezo, koma ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito asanapite ku nkhalango kudzera wapadera.
• bowa Inedible anaphedwa ambiri mosasamala bowa. Ndipo amene anapulumuka pambuyo mwangozi wonyeketsa iwo mu chakudya, sangathe kudzitama ndi thanzi labwino. Samatchera bowa, ngati bwino wodziwa mitundu yawo, ndipo kumbukirani kuti ngakhale mitundu edible akhale owopsa ngati mudzagwa kudzera malo awo zakhudzana zinyalala kapena pafupi misewu wotanganidwa.
• Chakupha zomera. Mu bowa Kuwonjezera mu nkhalango mukhoza kukumana ndi zomera oopsa. Mwachitsanzo, ife kukula wokongola ndi kulakalaka kuyang'ana, "wolfberries." Kuzidya, ngakhale pempho zithunzi n'zosathekadi, monga ana amakumana ndi poyizoni kwambiri ndi kuledzera.
• Nkhumba. Nguluwe - woopsa kwambiri nyama. angakhale akazi makamaka aukali kuti kuteteza piglets awo. Ngati inu anaona ana a Boar mu nkhalango, njira yabwino, kapena ndege, kapena mtengo wamtali kuti likhale kutetezedwa ndi mayi kukwiya.
• Ogwirira. Zimadya nyama moyo osati mu nkhalango zonse. Choncho makamaka akukhala pa iwo sadzatero. Wokwanira kuti mu nkhalango, anthu ogwirira ndi bwino kupita usiku chifukwa ndi nthawi ya tsiku amakonda kusaka.

pomaliza

Wood - ndi chuma cha dziko lapansi, amene sakhoza kukambapo. Iye amatipatsa kwambiri zomera zothandiza, zipatso ndi bowa. Komanso malo a anthu ambiri: mbalame ndi nyama, tizilombo ndi tizilombo.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya nkhalango: wotchuka kwambiri mu M'madera a zitunda wathu, mitundu coniferous (zambiri amatchedwa Titafika pamalo), ndi kusakaniza. Aliyense wa iwo akukhala awo, amene ali omasuka ku zinthu zimenezi.

Forest nyengo zosiyanasiyana kusintha moyo wanu. Choncho, nkhalango yozizira ndi wokongola ndi kudzazidwa ndi chithumwa chadzaoneni, ndi m'chilimwe - mbalame zikuimba ndi zipatso zokoma.

Ngakhale chithumwa nkhalango, kuyembekezera apaulendo anthu osadziŵa, ndipo mulole ngozi. Zili zomera chakupha ndi njoka kapena tizilombo. Kupita kokayenda, m'pofunika kulabadira zovala ndi nsapato, ntchito mankhwala othamangitsa kutero. Izi zidzathandiza kuti mukhale ndi thanzi ndi kuteteza motsutsana ambiri nepriyatnotey.

Forest - mapapo a dziko lapansi, aisadza mpweya, zomwe ndi zothandiza kwambiri. Nthawi yambiri mu nkhalango, pa masanje kapena nezi - ndipo kumakhudza zabwino osati thanzi lanu komanso maganizo. Koma musaiwale za malamulo. Siziboola ndi mitengo achinyamata, musamuononge zisa ndi zisa za mbalame, ndi, Chofunika kwambiri, musatisiye pambuyo outing milu wake zinyalala. Izi si yonyansa komanso zoopsa anthu ambiri a nkhalango, iwo akhoza anavulala zitini ndi mabotolo kapena kudya cellophane Manga ndi kufa. Ulemu ndi chikondi chikhalidwe, ngati mukufuna moyo wanu kukhala wathanzi.