Bowa zimadya. Kodi bowa amatchedwa zolusa?

World ogwirira kotero zosiyanasiyana kuti nthawi zina mungapeze lotsatira "wakudya" kumene mwamtheradi sanayembekezere zimenezi. Mwachitsanzo, mu Ufumu wa bowa. Osati aliyense amadziwa zimene bowa amatchedwa nyama monga iwo kusaka, chomwe iwo ali othandiza kapena oopsa kwa anthu.

Pankhani bowa, ife kovuta kwambiri kuona kuti ena a iwo zimadya kwambiri. Izi zingakhale bwanji? Ndipotu, "kukhala" pa malo ndi iwo alibe ngakhale pakamwa? Ngakhale zambiri chidwi n'chakuti anthu aphunzira ntchito bowa ambanda kwa kupindula nako. Pamene munthu amagwiritsa zolusa bowa ndi chomwe iwo ali - mutu wa nkhaniyi.

ndani, pamene pali?

Kale ku dzina zimaonekeratu zimene amatchedwa bowa zolusa. Kumene, onse amene agwila manso ndi kupha nyama awo - ndi tizilombo tosaoneka.

Pofuna kuthetsa bowa ngati amakonda pakati pa mizu ya zomera kapena ndere, koma ndi zachilendo ndi madzi, makamaka ataima. Ena mwa iwo amakhala pa matupi a tizilombo, pamene iwo kudya iwo kuchokera mkati. Amenewa bowa alenje mukhoza kuwombera spores pa mtunda wa 1 mita. Kukwera thupi wovulalayo, iwo kumera mkati ndi pang'onopang'ono kudya izo.

N'zosadabwitsa kuti bowa - pafupifupi zamoyo padzikoli kuti yomweyo azolowere kusintha kulikonse nyengo. Tinganene mosakayika kuti izi ogwirira tosaoneka anayala maukonde awo mwachindunji pansi pa mapazi a munthu. Ndipo Intaneti awa konse kanthu.

Nkhani ya

Bowa (zolusa osati) - ndiko Kulenga kwa kotero wakale kuti N'zovuta kulingalira. Kukhazikitsa chimodzimodzi pamene iwo anawonekera pa Dziko Lapansi, ndi mabvuto ndithu, chifukwa mafupawa asayansi nkomwe inadza. Nthawi zambiri mukhoza kupeza iwo okha tating'ono ting'ono Amber. Umu ndi mmene wakale malasha bowa, wakudya mphutsi mpaka 5 mm m'litali anapeza mu France.

Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti ngakhale bowa mbiri isanayambe komabe si kholo la makono. Mu ndondomeko ya zamoyo wa ku "zakupha" Ntchito iwo kusinthidwa nthawi zambiri, Kodi si zoona. Choncho, masiku ano bowa-alenje palibe achibale yaitali ogwirira mbiri isanayambe.

Gulu la bowa mtundu wa misampha

Chifukwa ena bowa - zolengedwa zolusa zachilengedwe, zili motero, ndi mtundu wina wa misampha zida.
More ndendende, amene muli mitundu yambiri:

• Zomatira mutu wa mawonekedwe ozungulira, ili mycelium ndi (khalidwe Monacrosporium ellipsosporum, A. entomophaga);
• yomata nthambi hyphae: ngati kutchera misampha zipangizo ndi Arthrobotrys perpasta, Monacrosporium cionopagum;
• yomata msampha maukonde ongokhala ambiri mphete kuti akamagwira nthambi hyphae: chipangizo cha kusaka ali Mwachitsanzo, Artrobotris malosporovy;
• mawotchi kutchera misampha zipangizo - kupanga ndi akakufinyani iwo akufa, mwa njira iyi kusaka nyama zawo Daktilyariya moyera-.

Ndithudi, izi mwachidule ndithu zimene zolusa bowa ndi momwe iwo kusakasaka. Ndipotu, mitundu awa a alenje tosaoneka zambiri.

Kodi kusaka bowa wakupha?

Choncho, predacious bowa: iwo kusaka ndi kudya wina? Bowa anayikidwa kwambiri m'nthaka misampha awo yomata ndipo mphete akudikira mphutsi kakang'ono - nematodes. A ambiri mphete ngati kulenga Intaneti lonse ili pafupi mycelium lapansi. Kamodzi mbozi adza kwa nsonga ya wake, nthawi yomweyo amakhala. The mphete wayamba kuotcha mozungulira thupi wovulalayo ake, kuthawa kovuta. Chilichonse chimachitika mwachangu kwambiri, mu nusu ya masekondi.

Mu thupi la hyphae nyongolotsi anagwira kudutsa ndi kuyamba kukula. Ngakhale nematode mwanjira mozizwitsa kutsindikiza kutuluka ndipo sizidzakupulumutsani izo. Hyphae mu thupi lake kukula kwambiri moti mkati mwa tsiku mphutsi adzakhala chipolopolo yekha. Pamodzi ndi kufa nyongolotsi zimaswana "kusuntha" malo atsopano ndipo zidzakhala zofalikira maukonde awo kachiwiri.

Ngati bowa wakupha amakhala ku madzi, izo zimakhala rotifers chakudya, amoebae, nkhanu, Cyclops ndi anthu ena dziwe. kusaka mfundo chimodzimodzi - hyphae afika pa nyama, Chifalikira ndipo akuyamba kukula mu thupi lake.

oyisitara wosadziwika

anthu ochepa amadziwa otchuka oyisitara bowa - bowa, nayenso zolusa. Iwo saphonya mwayi wokhala gape mphutsi. Ngati alenje ena, mycelium awo kupasuka hyphae awo adventitious, imene chakudya wokongola chakupha poizoni.

zoipa zimenezi zimandiwumitsa wovulalayo ndipo nthawi yomweyo digs hyphae. Pambuyo oyisitara kuti mwakachetechete chosinkhasinkha nyamazo. poizoni oyisitara osati mu nematodes. Mu njira yomweyo iwo kudya ngakhale enchytraeids - banja m'malo lalikulu la, nyongolotsi. Imathandiza kuti izi ostearin poizoni opangidwa ndi bowa. Kukhala wabwino ndi nkhupakupa mwakhama, anali kukhala pafupi.

Iwo likukhalira kuti bowa izi n'zoopsa kudya? No. Akatswiri a sayansi amanena kuti chipatso thupi la bowa si chakupha poizoni. The ma chikhalidwe cha limagwirira zofunika oyisitara pongofuna kuteteza tizirombo - tardigrades, nthata ndi springtails.

Bowa chakupha - abwenzi mpaka kalekale, koma osati nthawi zonse

Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane za mmene munthu amagwiritsa ntchito bowa predacious. Kodi amapindula zinthu zachuma kapena chipongwe?

Bowa mlenje, kuwononga nematodes ndi tizirombo tina monga iye, ndithudi, munthu mnzake weniweni. Amphamvu kuipitsidwa kwa nematodes nthaka akupereka ngozi yaikulu mbewu. Koma chifukwa bowa zimadya, nthawi amafunika chakudya, ndi zomwe ziri tizirombo. Choncho bowa alenje akhala kuyambira kukhala wabwino njira mankhwala kwambiri poizoni ndi zotsatira anthelmintic, ntchito imbaenda osati kwa kuwonongeka kwa malo komanso kuchuluka kukana kuti ziphe ndi majeremusi masinthidwe okha.

Koma bowa predacious si nthawi zonse abwenzi la munthu. Popeza X-XII m'ma anthu odziwika matenda amatchedwa Ulaya "moto wa St. Anthony." Mu Russia, matendawa ankatchedwa "omangana oipa", umene ndithu transmits alili. Zizindikiro za matenda ndi kusanza, kusafuna kudya, kumva kupweteka kwambiri mu matumbo ndi m'mimba, kufooka. Mu Zikavuta kwambiri anati kupotoza ndi necrosis wa malekezero, nyama anapambulwa pa mafupa.

Palibe amene anadziwa kwa nthawi yaitali, imene ndi tsokali ofanana. Ndi kokha patapita nthawi yaitali anapezeka kuti matenda amachititsa ergot - ndi zolusa bowa yemwe amakhala Rye makutu ndi kupanga nyanga wakuda kumeneko. Iwo ndi lili chinthu chakupha - ergotamine. Choncho nthendayo imatchedwa ergotism lero. Mkate ufa uyu akhoza kudyedwa, monga poizoni akhala khola ngakhale pa kutentha.

Pomaliza

Tsopano inu mukudziwa pang'ono kwambiri. Makamaka amene amati bowa zimadya, monga iwo kusaka ndi zomwe zikhonza kukhala zothandiza kapena oopsa kwa anthu. Kuwonjezera, zangokhala chidwi kwambiri, n'zotheka kuti nzeru zimenezi, kudzatithandiza kukhala zothandiza inu m'tsogolo.