Ntchito ndi thermite osakaniza zikuchokera

Aids kwa njira zamakono zomangamanga ndipo nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Zikuphatikizapo osakaniza thermite, ndi omwe kuchuluka kwa formulations. Chifukwa cha ntchito ngati nyimbo wosuta amalandira kapena kuchuluka zotsatira matenthedwe (mu kuwotcherera), kapena zotsatira za limagwirira detonation (mu kachitidwe pyrotechnic incendiary). Amasakaniza ndi thermite osakaniza makamaka umaimiridwa ndi zinthu zitsulo, koma pali zigawo zina. The zikuchokera yeniyeni osakaniza anatsimikiza ndi zikhalidwe za ntchito ndi zotsatira kupeza. Mwanjira, ulimi wa chiswe amapangidwa osati katswiri pa nyumba.

Background ndi zikuchokera

chiswe mankhwala ndi gulu monopropellant mu kufanana yunifolomu munali zigawo kuyaka ndi oxidant. The limatchula wa osakaniza izi Mzimuyo umatha azinyadira ngakhale popanda kupeza mpweya. Makhalidwe ndi katundu wa osakaniza thermite amaloledwa kuchiika mzere ndi Bickford lama fuyusi ndi ufa. Nyimbo Homogenous akhoza kupanga mawonekedwe gaseous. Chifukwa chaichi, kuphatikiza abwino mpweya ndi mpweya. Zinthu zimenezi zimaphatikizapo zofunika kuposa ntchito ndi kukonzanso, chifukwa ndi ngozi ndithu kuphulika.

ntchito

Malinga kufunika chifukwa ndi ntchito zinthu chiswe angapereke ntchito monga amadza matenthedwe ndi zotsatira pyrotechnic. Nyimbo Pyrotechnic angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati kuyatsa njira ndi kupanga magetsi mbendera. Koma malangizo yaikulu ya kugwiritsa ntchito chiswe - ndi kuwotcherera. Zotsatira chifukwa cha kutentha mankhwala amasiyana mphamvu ndipo durability.

The opaleshoni mfundo ya osakaniza thermite pa mapangidwe stitches ndi zikuchokera anasungunuka zigawo zikuluzikulu zitsulo ndi amene amathandiza yolimba odana zikuwononga pawiri. Koma m'pofunika kuganizira kuti dongosolo privarochnaya wofunikila kuwotcherera matenthedwe pa mapaipi, amapereka si termosmes mkuwa koma mbiya mawonekedwe ndi poyatsira.

zikuchokera miyambo

Mu chifaniziro tingachipeze powerenga za mankhwala chiswe - chisakanizo cha finely anagawa okusayidi zosakaniza chitsulo ndi zotayidwa. formulations amenewa ali kwambiri kufunika mu ntchito yomanga (amangoona kuwotcherera) ndi mafakitale. Ichi ndi chifukwa kutsegula osakaniza ndi muyatsa limodzi ndi malungo ndi yogwira kutentha kumasulidwa. Ngakhale chitsulo thermite osakaniza ndi zambiri imadziwika monga ferrumnaya, zotayidwa ndi mbali yaikulu mu kuchitapo ake. Makamaka, ndondomeko aluminothermy Mzimuyo Mwachangu mosiyanasiyana imene kuwotcherera n'zotheka steelwork.

pyrotechnic zikuchokera

Maziko a formulations ngati ndi mafuta ndi oxidant, koma mawonekedwe zovuta zambiri. Kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu ntchito monga chlorate potaziyamu (chochuluka zikuchokera), strontium carbonate (za kotala) ndi sulfure colorant lawi. Oxidant ntchito amachita chlorate potassium ndi sulfure amachita ngati chinthu mafuta. Mu ndondomeko ya kuyaka kwa osakaniza pyrotechnic thermite ndi mwachangu amapanga kutentha, ndi kuonjezera kutentha: utsi nyimbo kupereka mazana madigiri, ndi kuyatsa kufika 3000 ° C. Childs, osakaniza pyrotechnical ntchito zotsatira ikukhudzana kuyaka awo ndi chenicheni chimadziwika ndi mapangidwe lawi a.

osakaniza zamkuwa

Chiswe, amene ali pano mu okusayidi zikuchokera mkuwa, kawirikawiri purposefully chopangidwa chifukwa ntchito yokonza pa kuwotcherera wa mapaipi zitsulo. Mkulu udindo anapanga mfundo anapanga kofunika kuonjezera buku la mphamvu matenthedwe anamasulidwa. Pachifukwa ichi, mkuwa osakaniza thermite limapangidwa ferrosilicon m'malo ferromanganese, zomwe ziribe kwambiri mfundo kusungunuka. Mu yomalizidwa mawonekedwe zikuchokera ngati osakaniza limapangidwa:

• okusayidi mkuwa - 70%;
• mkuwa ufa - 12%;
• zotayidwa - 10%;
• ferrosilicon (kapena ferro) - 8%.

kuphatikiza zinthu bwino khalidwe ndi kudalilika kwa ntchito kuwotcherera ndi kuwonjezeka buku allocated kuti mphamvu matenthedwe m'kati Sungunulani.

pensulo thermite

Ndi kutentha zikusonyeza crayon zikuchokera akhoza kubwereza aliyense wa Chinsinsi osakaniza, koma mbali yake yaikulu ndi mawonekedwe cylindrical, mmene kudzazidwa ndi yogwira: chingwe kuyaka ndi mbali flammable. Iye anaika mu mawonekedwe mbiya, zopangidwa kutentha zosagwira graphite. Chingwe malekezero kuwonedwa ndi kutsegula wapadera wa chivundikiro, yolumikiza mbali ya yamphamvu thermite osakaniza ndi poyatsira zikutanthauza mu mawonekedwe a machesi.

The ndondomeko kuyaka wa flammable kuwotcherera mchitidwe matenthedwe kutsegula zidzachitika osakaniza mbamuikha mu pensulo pa. Choncho termosmesi burnup patsogolo kwa chakuti mkangano zitsulo chubu ndi kudzaza oplavitsya pamwamba ndi ndipamene azikondana kwambiri. ubwino monga kutentha zikusonyeza crayon mfundo ziwiri. Choyamba, palibe kufunika kukonzekera mwapadera kulikonse likufanana. Chachiwiri, kupanga osakaniza yokha mu kufanana yomalizidwa amapereka tisaletse yosungirako ake ndi kayendedwe.

Nimu manja

kunyumba kwa zotsimikizira formulations yosavuta thermite amafuna zosakaniza awiri - zitsulo slag ndi zitsulo zotayidwa. Iwo ayenera kutenga pyrophoric (nkhungu) mawonekedwe - Tchulani chinthu akufanana ndi fumbi chabwino. Malingana ngati, kodi chimachititsa kuti analandira thermite ndi manja awo, ndi kukonza zakudya zapadera - chotengera zopangidwa zotayidwa angagwiritsidwe ntchito pambuyo zonse ntchito yokonza kapena zitsulo.

Pakulemera anapangira zosakaniza ndi awa: mbali 4 a zotayidwa kwa tuzigawo twa lonse 3. zigawo zikuluzikulu ali bwinobwino wosanganiza. Kenako sipadzakhalanso nkhanza kuwonjezera kusakaniza ya magnesium (umber permanganic acid), amene adzachita ntchito ya chothandizira a. Izo zikhoza kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa osapitirira 20% ya kulemera okwana mankhwala zitsulo. Chiphunzitso ndiye analimbikitsa kachiwiri.

Monga mukuonera, yankho ku funso la momwe kuti thermite, ndi wosavuta. Koma m'pofunika kusamalira ndi njira tanthauzo lake. The zikuchokera komaliza akhoza adzaikidwa mu chotengera. osakaniza ndi bwinobwino m'menemo ndi yaying'ono ndi ting'onoting'ono basi ndipo wasindikizidwa kuti achotse chinyezi. Pambuyo zimenezi ziyenera kuchitidwa dzenje oblong kwa tepi mankhwala enaake a omwe alowa chidebe ndi masentimita angapo. Kuti yambitsa zikuchokera ndi chokwanila azinyadira tepi machesi.

Chinsinsi kuponyedwa nimu

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa yabwino kwambiri pokonza nyimbo. Iwo akhoza chopangidwa ndi kupangidwa mu chidebe aliyense. Kuti chisakanizo cha kusiyana kuponyedwa anafotokoza Kugawilidwa kwanthaka osachepera, koma m'malo linanena bungwe akhala slag yaitali kupirira chinyezi. Osewera thermite manja awo unapangidwa zigawo izi: chitsulo okusayidi (kachigawo 3), gypsum (2 mbali), ufa zotayidwa mu chisakanizo cha zitsulo coarse ndi chabwino. Onse zigawo zikuluzikulu ali osokonezeka, ndi madzi anawonjezera kuti afewetse pulasitala. Unyinji chifukwa umapangidwa ndi ofunikira m'pofunika kusiya theka la ola. The osakaniza kachiwiri wodzazidwa ndi madzi ndi kusungidwa kwa kuumitsa kwa sabata. Pamene nthawi imeneyo chitadutsa, makamaka dzuwa kamodzinso adzauma, ndipo ndiye kubowola dzenje kwa mphamvu mlandu.