Chikhalidwe cha zochitika zenizeni mu ntchito za akatswiri a maganizo apanyumba

Kuphunzira za vuto la chifunirochi kumaperekedwa ku ntchito za akatswiri ambiri azaumoyo akudziko. Ena mwa anthuwa, akatswiri monga SL Rubinshtein, DN Uznadze, VA Ivannikov amagwira ntchito pa nkhaniyi.

Mitundu ya ntchito zaumunthu

Kuti timvetse tanthauzo la zochitikazo, ndikofunikira kufotokoza lingaliro la chifuniro. Chifuniro ndi kuthekera kwa munthu kuti azilamulira khalidwe lake, mosasamala kanthu ndi mavuto akunja ndi amkati omwe amatsutsa ulamuliro wake. Chowonadi ndi chakuti zochita zonse zomwe munthu amachita zimatha kupatulidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu: osasamala komanso osasamala. Gulu lachiwirili likuphatikizapo zomwe zimachitika popanda kutenga nawo gawo pa chidziwitso: mwachitsanzo, chilengedwe chokhazikika, zozizwitsa zosagwirizana, kapena zochita zomwe zimachitika mukumangirira kwambiri. Zochita zotsutsana ndizo zomwe munthu amachita, kudalira pa zosankha zake: iwo amauzidwa ndi chifuniro chake ndipo amazindikira ndi kutenga nawo mbali chidziwitso.

Makhalidwe a SL Rubinshtein

Mapangidwe a zochitika zowonjezera, opangidwa ndi katswiri wa zinyama SL Rubinshtein, akuphatikizapo magawo angapo. Gawo loyambirira ndilo cholinga chenichenicho pachithunzicho, chimaphatikizapo kukhazikitsidwa koyambirira kwa cholinga. Gawo lachiwiri silili pazifukwa zonse. Chikhalidwe chake chiri chovuta cha zolinga. Munthu wodzichepetsa amadziyesa zotheka kuwonongeka, zomwe zingakhale zodzala ndi zochitika zosiyana. Gawo lachitatu ndikutembenuza. Ichi ndi chisankho chomaliza. Gawo lotsiriza la SL Rubinstein likuphedwa.

Komabe, ena ochita kafukufuku akuwonjezera njira zingapo zothandizira pulogalamuyi. Mapangidwe a zochitika zowonjezereka adzaphatikizapo kuthana ndi mavuto pokwaniritsa zolinga, komanso kukhazikitsidwa bwino, cholingacho chitatha.

Chigawo china chofunikira cha malamulo otsogolera

Komabe, mapangidwe a zochitika pazidziwitso sizongogwirizana chabe ndi zochita zomwe zikufotokozera kukhazikitsidwa kwa khalidwe linalake. Pamaso pa zolepheretsa zina kuti mukwaniritse zolinga, kuthekera kwa kulamulira khalidwe lanu kumadalira makamaka momwe munthuyo ali ndi makhalidwe ena ake. Zimaphatikizapo kudziletsa, kudzipereka, mphamvu, chipiriro ndi kulimba mtima. Chifukwa chake, ena ofufuza amachita chidwi kwambiri ndi zigawo zina zomwe zili ndi zochitika zotsatila. Mwachitsanzo, chidziwitso cha chidziwitso chimakhudza kwambiri khalidwe la anthu m'madera osiyanasiyana.

Zomwe zinachitikira AV Zaporozhets

Phunziro lochititsa chidwi lomwe likusonyeza mphamvu ya zotsatirazi linapangidwa ndi AV Zaporozhets. Nkhanizo zinapatsidwa ntchito yakukweza zolemetsa zolemetsa. Chitsanzo chonsecho chinagawidwa m'magulu atatu.

Oyamba anaphatikizapo nkhanizi zomwe zinkayenera kuti zizitha kugwira ntchitoyi, popanda malangizo kapena zidziwitso zina.

Ophunzira a gulu lachiwiri anauzidwa kuti, pokwezera zolemetsa zolemera, ayenera kudzilemba okha.

Pomalizira, gulu lachitatu ndilo omwe adapatsidwa kufotokoza kodabwitsa kwa ntchitoyi. Anauzidwa kuti pakukweza zolemera, motero amapanga mphamvu zamagetsi kuti apereke mzindawo.

Kotero kuwonjezeranso kwina kofunika kunapezedwa, komwe kuli ndi kayendedwe kowonjezera m'maganizo. Chitsanzocho chinasonyeza: kuti kukhazikitsa ntchito, tanthawuzo la ntchitoyi ndi lofunika kwambiri. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, wofufuzirayo adapeza chidziwitso cha chidziwitso cha malamulo.

Chikhalidwe chofufuza cha chifuniro

Mapangidwe a zochitika zenizeni mu psychology ndi ntchito yofufuza. Zotsatira zomwe apeza asayansi angagwiritsidwe ntchito mmaganizo osiyanasiyana. Awa ndiye psychology ya ntchito, masewera, maphunziro, maganizo a banja. Zotsatira zomwe apeza asayansi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito limodzi ndi akatswiri mu uphungu ndi omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi mafunso okhutira ndi zolinga.

Chotsatira chosangalatsa chinapangidwa ndi wofufuzira wa ku Russia VA Ivannikov. M'ntchito zake wasayansi akuwonetsa: cholinga cha ntchito sikumangotanthauza cholinga choyambirira chokhalirapo. Kodi malamulo adzakwaniritsidwanso ndi mapangidwe othandizira ena, omwe sankakhalapo kuyambira pachiyambi, pamene nkhaniyo yangotenga zowononga izi kapena zomwezo.

Zolemba za AI Lipkina: malamulo okhutira ndi maphunziro

Muzinthu zambiri, kufotokoza kovumbula kunapangidwa ndi AI Lipkina. Zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi ndondomeko ya maphunziro. Mu maphunziro ake, malo apadera anali ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zochitika zenizeni mu maganizo. Zomwe mwachidule Lipkina anakumana nazo ndi izi. Ophunzira omwe anali osaphunzira bwino kusukulu anapempha nthawi kuti atenge ophunzira pa ophunzira ochepa. Kuyambira mbali imodzi, ophunzira awa anayamba kulandira zizindikiro zabwino, kusonyeza chikhumbo chachikulu chophunzira.

Zizoloŵezi zosayenerera zokha

Koma pambali pamakhalidwe abwino, mphamvu zotsutsa-mphamvu zimagwiranso ntchito pa kufufuza za chifuniro. Izi zikuphatikizapo kuumitsa, kumvera ndi kukhudzidwa. Kulekerera sikungakhale kochepa kwambiri ndi zochitika zotsatila za khalidwe. Zimakhudzidwa ndi kuzindikira kosafunikira kwenikweni. Kutengeka ndi khalidwe, lokhazikitsidwa ndi maganizo, omwe nthawizonse amakhala opanda nzeru ndipo amazindikira mofulumira. Kukhazikika kumagwirizana ndi conformality: munthu yemwe ali ndi khalidweli, amasintha mosavuta chisankho chake, kulolera kukhudzidwa ndi maganizo a wina.