Dizilo sitima Russia. sitima yatsopano, zithunzi ndi specifications

Njanji zoyendera - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa yabwino ndi yotsika mtengo njira zoyendera ntchito ndi anthu mamiliyoni ambiri. Pa gawo la Chitaganya cha Russia chifukwa cha mphamvu ya sitima ya akutsatiridwa zikwi tsiku magalimoto m'basimo ndi cargoes zosiyanasiyana. Modern zamakono patsogolo amalola kudzapeza khama tractive ya sitima, potero kupereka mkulu mlingo wa dzuwa ndi mathamangidwe zoyendera. Choncho sitima Russia akhale makamaka mosamala, pofuna kumvetsa ubwino ndi makhalidwe luso.

Mwachidule Chiyambi Chawo

Woyamba ntchito luso sitima pa malo athu otseguka anaonekera pa chiyambi cha m'ma 20. Dizilo sitima Russia pa nthawi imeneyo 'anabadwa' mu 1905, chifukwa cha zomangamanga ndi msilikali Kuznetsov Odintsov, omwe anali apainiya mu dera luso, kuvala anasonyeza lipoti pa sitima standalone ndi injini caloric.

Mu 1930, anapatsidwa chitukuko cha luso lopanga, wayamba akatswiri kukonzekera-teplovoznikov pa Moscow Electromechanical Institute. Kale kuyambira 1950 sitima nkhani unapangidwa bungwe zina waukulu makina zomanga mabizinezi.

Gulu lalikulu

Russia ndi sitima dziko ndi kusiyanitsidwa pa maziko a makhalidwe angapo.

Choncho, malinga ndi utumiki wawo pali kusiyana pa:

• M'sitimayo.
• Shunting.
• Katundu.
• Universal.
• Industrial.
• Kuimba nyimbo zosiyanasiyana ntchito.

Komanso kusiyanitsa pakati pa sitima ndi ophimba bestelezhechnogo mtundu. Kodi kusiyana mayunitsi ndi chiwerengero cha zigawo zimenezi chimodzi kapena zingapo.

Mfundo ntchito ndi mamangidwe zofunika

Dizilo sitima Russia (zoona, monga onse a dziko) akugwira ntchito pa mfundo ofunika. The injini dizilo mwa zipangizozi zoyendera otembenuka mankhwala mphamvu zikuchitika pa nthawi ya kuyaka kwa mafuta mu mphamvu mawotchi - ndi kasinthasintha wa crankshaft, amene nawonso anatumiza kudzera samatha kasinthasintha imafalikira mwachindunji gudumu ali awiriawiri. Mfundo yofunika kwambiri kuti pamafunika kugwirizana bwino makhalidwe dizilo sitima ndi mwachindunji. Chifukwa chaichi, mapulogalamu ndi wapadera zinalengedwa kuti analoledwa ntchito sitima.

The mayunitsi waukulu sitima ndi: chimango, thupi, injini dizilo, HIV, galimotoyo, dongosolo nanyema, Autocoupling chipangizo. Mwa zipangizo wothandiza kuoneka: dongosolo yozizira, mpweya okwanira dizilo moto dongosolo wozimitsa, zida zamagetsi.

Mitundu ya zida ntchito mu sitima

Railway Transport la Russia ntchito pa maziko a mapulogalamu awa, akuti:

• Magetsi.
• Hayidiroliki.
• Hydromechanical.
• Mawotchi.

Ngati tikukamba za HIV makina, ayenera ananena kuti anali ndi dzuwa mokwanira mkulu, otsika kulemera, chomasuka yokonza. Komabe, pali kusowa kwa izo, ndipo ali mu pakutchulidwa mosalephera a jerks pa nthawi ya kusintha magiya.

kufala magetsi amapereka yosalala kwambiri kusintha kwa liwiro sitima, koma ali ndi kulemera lalikulu ndi kukwera mtengo kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu.

Kwambiri mwamphamvu malamulo liwiro kufala - hayidiroliki. Koma ndi wovuta kwambiri pa ukhondo wa madzimadzi ntchito ndi khalidwe la kukonza kwake, gwero la ntchito yake nthawi zambiri Mehnichesky analogue.

mbali mawotchi kwa sitima

Monga mmene bwino kudzalimbikitsa pa sitima m'njira chimadalira pa ndondomeko yake galimoto zomanga (mawotchi) ziwalo, womwenso: a trolley ndi akanema gudumu, chitsulo chogwira matayala mabokosi ndi akasupe (iwo anapeza chimango chachikulu), thupi (akugwirizira pa zida onse).

awiri Wheel ya sitima akhoza kuyendetsa (galimoto) ndi Müller (losalembedwapo). Njanji zoyendera ku Russia tsopano makamaka amagwiritsa awiri mawilo galimoto.

Modern Russian njanji

Mu panopa zenizeni aakulu a zachuma imaphunzitsa njanji kumathandiza kwambiri polemba bajeti boma. Popeza mfundo imeneyi, opanga zipangizo izi akuyesetsa kuti bwino wake ndi kuchepetsa ndalama. Choncho, ndi Bryansk makina zomanga chomera mu 2015 latsopano sitima 2TE25KM zinalengedwa. chitsanzo limapereka kuwonjezeka mu unyinji wa sitima kusamutsidwa, kuchepetsa ntchito yawo ntchito. Akatswiri anatha kwambiri pa mlingo magwiritsidwe wa injini dizilo. Pankhaniyi, kanyumba galimoto mogwirizana ndi mfundo yonse ya mayiko a chitonthozo ndi chitetezo. Ndi ntchito ngati kungokhala chete chitetezo dongosolo kuti akhoza molondola kuteteza oyendetsa sitima asavulale likhoza kugunda mwangozi. Komanso pali dongosolo mpweya. Special palokha chotenthetsera likamatenthetsa mpweya kutentha namfunsa ngati n'koyenera.

Kuti bwino kulimbikitsidwa ndi ndodo sitima atsopano zili ndi zipangizo kugwedera-damping pamaziko a. N'zochititsa chidwi kuchuluka mlingo wa ergonomics zashuga. zigawo zonse zazikulu zikhoza kufika kwa yokonza. Zimenezi akhoza kwambiri kuchepetsa downtime wa zofikira sitima pa nthawi yokonza ake ndandanda kapena kuyendera chizolowezi pa ulendo umenewu.

Pa ulaliki 2TE25KM, umene unachitika mu April 2015, anapezeka ndi mutu wa Russian njanji Yakunin, pulezidenti wa "Transmashholding" Bokarev, ndi. za. Kazembe wa dera Bryansk Bogomaz.

Ntchito mu zoyendera njanji

Mu sitima ambiri njanji kupereka pafupifupi 80% ya zolowa n'komwe oposa 40% ya mayendedwe a anthu, onse wakunja kwatawuni ndi kulankhulana.

Izi ntchito yapamwamba mothandizidwa ndi ubwino zoyendera njanji, ali ngati awa:

• Mkulu yonyamula mphamvu.
• Mwachangu wa chochuluka zoyendera pa mtunda wautali.
• Kudalirika ndi chitetezo.
• mtengo wotsika wa magalimoto.
• Zotsatira osachepera oipa chilengedwe ndi mlengalenga.

mumaganiza chitukuko msika

Modern Russian ukachenjede ku nkhope ya opanga ŵa m'malo mwachangu osauka misika yatsopano, kutumiza katundu wake ku mayiko osiyana siyana padziko lonse. Pankhaniyi, makhalidwe luso zatsopano mu zosatheka wolephera anzawo yachilendo. Taganizirani mwatsatanetsatane latsopano dizilo chitsanzo m'nkhani akhoza kukhala mu chithunzi. Dizilo sitima Russia, umatulutsa tatchulawa "Transmashholding", tsopano mwachangu zagwiridwa ndi ku Asia monga Uzbekistan. Monga angachite sitima zimathandiza kugwirira kukhazikitsa zikuluzikulu mapulogalamu umalimbana ndi wamakono zoyendera njanji imeneyi Asian dziko Central.

Polongosola mwachidule, mwina kudziŵika kuti chitukuko zoyendera njanji adzakhala amphamvu. Pamwambapa anafotokoza ubwino bwino kusonyeza rationality ndalama ndalama mu Kukonza ndi kukhazikitsa mu mchitidwe sitima yatsopano, angathe kuchita kugwira ntchito iwo mu nyengo iliyonse ndi nyengo.