Ayzek Azimov: The malamulo atatu Makina

Anthu a mibadwo yonse, nthawi zonse nkhawa ndi funso lakuti: "Kodi mtundu wa m'tsogolo tidzasangalala" Iwo kawirikawiri mogwirizana ndi tsoka la munthu weniweni ndi ana ake. Koma pali gulu osiyana anthu amene amasamala za tsogolo la chitukuko ndi ziyembekezo za chitukuko zina.

anthu ambiri akufunafuna yankho la funso limeneli woyaka! Asayansi, olemba mbiri, nzeru ena, olemba, kanjedza achipembedzo ngakhalenso mafani kwadzidzidzi zimango kupanga m'tsogolo ndi zopeka. Ndithu chidwi mawonedwe kutanthauziridwa mu zolemba zake, Ayzek Azimov - lalikulu yopeka ndi sayansi popularizer.

Ayzek Azimov - kwambiri Mipikisano faceted yopeka kwa zaka za m'ma 20

Mu wina m'mudzi Smolensk RSFSR pa kunja kwa mwana Isaac (dzina lake lenileni la wolemba). Patatha zaka zitatu, Isaac banja Ayuda anasamuka ku America. Azimov anakakhala mmodzi wa boroughs wa New York, mu Brayton Bich. dzina lina - "Little Odessa" delaro pachikhalidwe litadzala ndi ochokera Russia.

Kuyambira ndili mwana, mnyamata analankhula English ndi Chiyidishi. Ake mabuku dziko-kupangidwa, makamaka ntchito Shalom Aleikhem. The mnyamata anakulira mwachionekere waluso ndi kufuna kudziwa. Choncho mosavuta maphunziro University Columbia ku New York mu "sayansi". Mu 1942, Isaki anachoka ku Philadelphia, kumene kunali msonkhano wake fateful ndi Robert Heinlein. Atangotha malamulo atatu Makina anabwera wolemba.

njira kulenga

Wolemba amene anatulukira malamulo atatu Makina, ndithudi - umunthu wapadera. Asimov - wolemba mabuku oposa mazana asanu, ndipo iye analembera sayansi osati nthano. Mu nkhokwe zake zoseketsa, ofufuza, ndipo ngakhale ntchito mu mtundu wanyimbo zongopeka.

Kuwonjezera ndalama yowala a wolemba, Asimov anali munthu wabwino, sangakhale ndi vuto chipembedzo. Iye ankadziwa mbiri, maganizo, umagwirira ndi zakuthambo. Chidziwitso mu minda zosiyanasiyana za sayansi, pamodzi ndi malingaliro abwino wafunsira kwambiri maganizo chidwi. Mmodzi wa iwo - psychohistory, sayansi mpaka lero lino amapereka malo yotakata kuiganizira. Azimov komanso atchukitsa sayansi anthu wamba: m'njira yosavuta kufotokoza zinthu zovuta.

Oyendayenda Baibulo ndi Asimov

Kuwonjezera mabuku otchuka a yopeka, Mpofunika kuwerenga "Guide to the Bible." bukuli analembedwa yosangalatsa, nkhani ndi chidwi. Mutawerenga izo mu malingaliro mudziwe kale anagonjera wochuluka mu Ambiri kuwerenga buku la nthawi zonse. Kenako, werengani za malamulo atatu Makina, amene anabwera ndi American zopeka lodziwika bwino.

The prerequisites malamulo ndi lodziwika bwino

Sitingathe kunena kuti Asimov, popanda chifukwa chenicheni anatenga anabwera ndi malamulo atatu Makina. Per munthu amakhudza nyengo lalikulu limene akukhala; phindu la mitundu ya banja ndi anthu (yotsirizira n'chofunikira zoopsa).

Youth Azimov unachitika panthawi ya chitukuko mofulumira sayansi, malo, anthu amene ophunzira lanu maganizo nzeru. mfundozi anaika ena wolemba dziko. Kuti anathandiza kuti maganizo ake za chitukuko chathu, n'zotheka kuli zamoyo zina m'chilengedwe chonse ndiponso za makina amene akhoza kukhala athandizi wabwino kwa anthu.

malamulo atatu Makina angandithandize kokha munthu wa zaka mafakitale. Ndipo izi, ndithudi, bwino. Ndipo iwo anakhala Ayzek Azimov (malamulo atatu Makina amene timapemphera m'mutu wotsatira). Kodi malipenga ndi zimene cheni awo - imeneyi.

Malamulo atatu Makina: chiyani chofunikira?

Kwa nthawi yoyamba malamulo lodziwika bwino m'malembo kuzungulira "za makina" Azimov. Ambiri chidwi iwo anatumikira mu wosangalatsa yochepa nkhani "Runaround".

Kupanga chipangizo othandizira robotic, anthu mosadziwa amawapatsa gawo nzeru zake. Zikuoneka vuto (mobwerezabwereza anafotokoza mu mabuku ndi mafilimu) pamene kuganiza makina kukhala wamphamvu pa ndiAmene awo. Choncho malamulo zofunika muzingochita maloboti.

Kodi okhwima malamulo Makina?

Mu ntchito yake yolenga Asimov mosiyana ankachitira malamulo anatulukira. Mu mkombero loyamba la nkhani "za malamulo maloboti 'amakhala ngati ulamuliro chitetezo kapena kuyankha funso oseketsa:" Kodi khalidwe labwino ndi loboti ndi "?

Mu nkhani ina Asimov amakhulupirira kuti lamulo - ndi gawo la masamu chipangizo positronic loboti ubongo. A kufanana ndi achibadwidwe wa munthu. Ndi kuitana kwa chikhalidwe chake yokumba loboti ukugwira ntchito kuti athandize munthu - zimathandiza ndi mavuto ndiponso kumvetsera malangizo ake.

kutanthauzira chilengedwe anthu

Azimov mu malo oyamba - wolemba nkhani yopeka. Malamulo atatu Makina, oddly mokwanira, agwirizane ndi mfundo zambiri zimene zikuyenela kachitidwe dziko lapansi. Ngati inu mukuganiza chiyani za izo, bwana awa atatu kuyala bwino makhalidwe a anthu.

Wolemba mu "umboni," yofalitsidwa mu 1946, kuwapatsa kulungamitsidwa. Susan, khalidwe lalikulu kwa nkhaniyi, adza kwa mfundo zitatu:

• A munthu wabwinobwino sangativulaze anthu ena. Kupatula apo ayi kanthu. Mwachitsanzo, panthawi ya nkhondo, munthu ali kuteteza moyo wake ndi zina kupulumutsa anthu ena.
• Kumverera udindo anthu, munthu amazindikira amakwaniritsa ndi malangizo a anthu odalirika - madokotala, aphunzitsi ndi atsogoleri.
• Aliyense amasamala za chitetezo cha thanzi lawo lathupi ndi maganizo, chimene chiri chofunika kwambiri komanso.

N'zovuta kutsutsana ndi kutanthauzira chilengedwe malamulo Asimov a. N'zoonekeratu kuti munthu amene amatsatira moyo wa malamulo yosavuta, ndi munthu wabwino.

Maulosi a Ayzeka Azimova

zokambirana Long ndi chidwi angathe kuchitikira za malamulo atatu Makina. Tsopano timalankhula za maulosi a Asimov. Inde, uwu ndi munthu wapadera chinkhoswe mu futurology ndipo ndithu bwinobwino monga mmene lero. Mu 1964, ku New York, zopeka, adagawana ndi omvera masomphenya ake a dziko mu zaka 50. Motero, maulosi waukulu Asimov:

• zamakono adzakhala kuthetsa anthu ku ntchito ndandanda. Padzakhala zipangizo kupanga khofi awo ndi yosintha yaiwisi mkate mkate. Akwaniritsidwe.
• Technology patsogolo. Mudzatha kuona interlocutor anu pa kukambirana foni; komanso akhoza kuphunzira kwambiri zikalata mwachindunji pa nsalu yotchinga chida cha. Anakwaniritsa (sayansi "Skype" ndi kanema pa mafoni).
• Maloboti adzalowa moyo wa munthu wamba, ndipo ambiri zamakono ntchito popanda mawaya, chifukwa batire amphamvu. Akwaniritsidwa (anthu ambiri ntchito Makina zingalowe okonza, mafoni ndi miyala akhale nthawi yaitali ntchito kuchokera mzere).
• Chiwerengero dziko la anthu biliyoni 6.5, United States - 350 zikwi. Mphamvu kukhala kuganiza za njira za umunthu zakulera, mwinamwake Lapansi isanduke Manhattan olimba. 2014 adzakhala okulira pa chitukuko anthu. Mwina anakwaniritsa (anthu dziko mu 2014 - 7,046 biliyoni, ndi United States - 314 biliyoni ndi 2014 kunapezeka kuti chidwi kwambiri, zovuta adzaweruza za zinasintha, izo zidzaoneka).
• Vuto lalikulu kwa anthu adzakhala kunyong'onyeka. Anthu ambiri anayamba amadwala m'kati. Choncho, mu 2014, munthu minda zofunika kwambiri mankhwala adzakhala maganizo. Akwaniritsidwa ... Maganizo alili (cyclothymia mawu sayansi), chifukwa anthu ambiri akhala ponseponse. Komabe, ambiri aphunzira kupirira bwinobwino.

malamulo Isaac Asimov atatu Makina ndi yopeka - wa ku ichi, chimene amapereka kaonedwe chidwi pa tsogolo la dziko.