Mkodzo kuwunika: mitundu ndi njira kusonkhanitsa

Inde, ambiri a ife zapita mkodzo panthawi ina miyoyo yawo. Ndipotu, ngakhale mwana amadziwa kuti zotsatira za thandizo kuphunzira kuzindikira matenda ena kapena kulamulira chikhalidwe chawo. Choncho, mkodzo ndi yofunika "chida" kwa matenda matenda a thanzi la munthu.

Komabe, mfundo kuwapeza kuwunika amadalira njira kusonkhanitsa chuma. Kodi mitundu ya mayesero mkodzo ndi makhalidwe awo kulibe, tiona m'nkhani ino. Komanso, kupeza mmene amapezera bwino ndi kunyamula zinthu kafukufuku.

N'chifukwa chiyani zimenezi?

Choyamba tiyeni chimatanthauza chiyani muyenera kutenga mkodzo chitsanzo kwa zasayansi:

• Yang'anani matenda kapena matenda thirakiti mkodzo. Zizindikiro Pankhaniyi akhoza kukhala osiyana kwambiri: zoipa fungo la mkodzo, ululu pokodza, zosafunika magazi, kupweteka pambali, ndi ena.
• Kuwayang'anira udindo wa matenda osiyanasiyana monga matenda a shuga, impso, matenda thirakiti mkodzo, kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi ena a impso ndi chiwindi.
• Kufufuza zonse thupi komanso anachita mkodzo mayeso, amene amasankha mitundu ya dotoloyo.

Kodi kukonzekera?

• Musanayambe anadutsa mkodzo chitsanzo, simuyenera kudya zakudya akhoza Amaipitsanso izo. Ndicho, mabulosi akuda, Beets, mbewu yamasamba ndi ena.
• Sitichitira maphunziro kumatheka asanayambe kuphunzira.
• Kwa amayi n'kofunika auzeni adokotala za m'zinthu kusamba. Ngati ndi kotheka, katswiri adzakhala kulepheletsa ochepa masiku urinalysis. Mitundu ndi njira wochita chotere kuphunzira amasankhidwa payekha.
• dokotala anu kuchitira mwina Inenso osati kutenga kanthawi mankhwala amene amakhudza mtundu wa mkodzo (zambiri mavitamini B, "Rifampicin" ndi "Phenytoin").
• Ngati inu mukutenga okodzetsa, sindilephera dokotala. Chifukwa iwo akhoza kwambiri bwanji zotsatira za kafukufuku.

Tsopano mwawerenga mosamala mmene anachita mayeso mkodzo, kodi mitundu ndi njira zosonkhanitsira.

Express Mayeso

Njira yothandiza kuti aletse mkodzo wanu ndi mayeso mofulumira. Iwo imachitika mu chimango cha akufufuza anakonza (mu ofesi ya banja dokotala kapena chikuonetseratu ku chipatala), kapena pa kudziwika odwala m'mimba ululu, m'mimba kapena kumbuyo. Kudzipenda n'zotheka ntchito n'kupanga wapadera ndi minda wamng'ono wachikuda, amene ayenera kumizidwa mu chotengera masekondi angapo. Ndiyeno adokotala akuyerekeza mtundu wa mkodzo ku minda ya mtundu ndi kudziwa udindo wake. Only katswiri akhoza kudziwa madzi ndende limasonyeza zopatuka zake mwakale.

Imachitika mayeso kudzakuthandizani kudziwa mavuto otsatirawa:

• mkulu mapuloteni mlingo kuti chimakhala chizindikiro nephritis (aimpso kutupa);
• kudziwika shuga mu mkodzo ketone ndi - chizindikiro cha shuga magazi;
• leukocytes ndi nitrites amasonyeza maonekedwe a matenda bakiteriya.

Nkofunika kudziwa kuti kusanthula izi si nthawi zonse lodalirika, choncho ndi bwino kuti ayese zasayansi.

Matenda (general) kafukufuku

Mtundu wa kusanthula ndi mbali ya kuphunzira chizolowezi ikuchitika kapena asanalowe chipatala. Kwenikweni, amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kupeza chifukwa cha matenda a chiwindi, impso, kapepala mkodzo kachilombo ndi magazi mu dongosolo mkodzo. Angagwiritsidwenso ntchito kutsimikizira zotsatira za zosayenera mayeso mofulumira. kusanthula Full imachitika kwa zasayansi, kawirikawiri mu masitepe 3:

1. Lowunikira la mtundu ndi ndende ya mkodzo (maonekedwe).
2. Mipweya ya madzi, amene limapangidwa mayesero angapo zina pH, mapuloteni, shuga, ketones, magazi, bilirubin, nitrite, urobilinogen ndi leukocyte esterase.
3. Akatswiri matenda a mitundu mayesero mkodzo kuti mabakiteriya pansi simungathe kutiona.

Zotsatira za maphunziro awa kuthandiza kupeza nkhani zotsatirazi:

• magazi mafuta m'thupi;
• kudziwika amatulutsa mkodzo adzasonyeza chitukuko cha matenda aimpso;
• Komanso, kusanthula kachulukidwe ka mkodzo angathe kuchitidwa kuthandiza oterewa ndi kuchuluka kwa matenda tsatanetsatane monga matenda endocrine, khansa chikhodzodzo, kufooka kwa mafupa ndi porphyria (a gulu la matenda chifukwa cha mankhwala vutoli).

Ngati dokotala kupeza kuphunzira matenda zolakwika aliyense mwakale, ndiye izo tikulimbikitsidwa kuti wodwala ngati ikuyankha mkodzo matenda: Nechiporenko kusanthula ndi Zimnitskiy kusanthula.

Analysis ndi nechyporenko

Izi mayesero zasayansi amene ofuna kudziwa zimene zili mu 1 ml ya mkodzo woyera maselo magazi, maselo ofiira ndi yamphamvu, kuti kuwunika mkhalidwe wa kapepalako mkodzo ndi impso. Mtundu wa kusanthula Kwalamulidwa kwa zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• zobisika hematuria (magazi mu mkodzo);
• kuyan'anila efficacy chithandizo;
• chobisika kutupa mu impso ndi kapepala mkodzo.

Analysis ndi Nechiporenko ndi mwatsatanetsatane kuposa mitundu ina ya mayesero mkodzo. Kodi kusonkhanitsa chuma, zotsatirazi:

• lotsatira sayenera kumwa mowa, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zomwe kusintha mtundu wa mkodzo;
• kusonkhanitsa kugula njira ukhondo;
• kukonzekera mu chidebe woyera ndi youma kuti adzasonkhanitsidwa zosaposa 20-30 ml ya m'mawa mkodzo;
• kubweretsa zasayansi m'pofunika maola 2.

mfundo Normal:

• leukocytes - 2000 mu 1 ml ya mkodzo;
• erythrocytes - 1000;
• zonenepa - 20.

Urinalysis kwa Zimnitskiy

mtundu wa kafukufuku ndi wapadera. Zimathandiza kuti aone boma la impso ndikupeza pa adakali siteji kulephera kwa ziwalo, komanso kutsatira mphamvu ya matenda.

Zikuonetsa mtundu wa kafukufuku:

• aakulu glomerulonephritis;
• shuga;
• Zizindikiro kulephera aimpso;
• hypertensive matenda a mtima;
• aakulu pyelonephritis (impso kutupa).

Kumene mayesero mkodzo, mitundu, zosonkhanitsira njira amasiyana pa aliyense matenda. Kusonkhanitsa mfundo kafukufuku Zimnitskiy ayenera mosamala kwambiri. Muyenera kukonzekera eyiti mitsuko woyera ndipo aliyense chizindikiro cha pokodza chiwerengero (1, 2, 3 ndi zina zotero). Muyenera kuyamba kusonkhanitsa pa 6,00 am ndi lililonse maola atatu. Kumbukirani kuti kutsanulira mkodzo mu chidebe ndi koletsedwa. Isanafike yonyamula kwa zasayansi kuika muli mu firiji. Yesani lero kukhalabe mode mwake ndi zakudya. Musaiwale okhudza ukhondo, kotero kuti mitsuko sanali zoipa mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono.

Zotsatira za kafukufuku pa kupatuka mwakale:

• kuchepetsa wachibale kachulukidwe ka mkodzo pa kutumikira (m'munsimu 1020 g / l) limasonyeza aimpso ndi mtima kulephera exacerbation pyelonephritis;
• mkulu kachulukidwe (zoposa 1035 g / L) kumachitika pa azingokhala inapita maselo a magazi, aakulu kapena pachimake glomerulonephritis ndi shuga.

Analysis ndi Kakovskomu-Addis. Amburzhe njira

Ambiri ikuchitika kotereku mkodzo ana, chifukwa iwo ali yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ngakhale ana kwa zaka 3. Perekani odwala pamene kupeza kuvutika mu mayeso ambiri ngati pali kukayikirana pa maonekedwe a impso ndi kapepala mkodzo matenda, komanso ulamuliro mwatsatanetsatane pa otaya matenda kale matenda.

Zotsatira Research kuthandiza kupeza pakutchulidwa kutupa (cystitis, pyelonephritis ndi glomerulonephritis), ndi ulamuliro machitidwe a impso ndi kapepala mkodzo.

Kusonkhanitsa chuma kwa kusanthula ndi njira ziwiri:

• kwa maola 12;
• masana.

Kodi mbewuyo n'chiyani?

Kodi wina ndi mayeso mkodzo? Mitundu ndi njira zofufuzira zafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane m'nkhani ino. Fesani ikuchitika kuti awone ngati pali majeremusi kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso kudziwa maganizo awo.

Mu zasayansi mtsuko anaikidwa chidebe mkodzo. Kenako, mbale yaing'ono ndi kukula sing'anga kwa tizilombo aikidwa mu nyemba ndi mwamphamvu losindikizidwa. Kenako, kuika chidebe mu chofungatira kwa masiku 2. Ngati mkodzo ndi, bowa kapena mabakiteriya, iwo chidzakula kwambiri pa nthawi imeneyi.

Ngati tizilomboto phunziro anapezeka, wodwalayo kudziwa mtundu wa mankhwala anafunika kuthana nawo.

Urinalysis kwa Sulkovichu

Mtundu wa akatswiri ntchito mosamala chiyeso matenda oyambirira a matenda endocrine ndi matenda kashiamu kagayidwe. Kuti mulandire zotsatira zolondola, madokotala amalangiza kuonetsetsa bwino kudya mkaka ndi nyama mankhwala, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, ndi kumwa tiyi ndi khofi. Yesani kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya Tirigu yekha, yophika ndi madzi.

Pamaso kusonkhanitsa mkodzo potsatira malangizo awa:

• Ine musadye kwa maola 8, ana - maola 6;
• kutsatira ukhondo wa ziwalo zoberekera, kotero kuti mkodzo chitsanzo sanapeze majeremusi;
• zakuthupi iyenera kusonkhanitsidwa mu chidebe wosabala ndipo anamutengera kuchipatala.

M'mikhalidwe choyezera, akatswiri kuwonjezera mu mkodzo reagent Sulkovicha, zimene zingakuthandizeni kudziwa kuchuluka kashiamu ndi bilirubin.

kusanthula tsiku

Kuyeza kumeneku ndi kusonkhanitsa mkodzo pa tsiku motere:

• chitsanzo choyamba si ntchito pambuyo kudzuka, koma voiding nthawi;
• pambuyo dontho lililonse la nkhaniyo pamodzi botolo;
• pamene pasanathe maola 24 inu kukodza, muyenera dokotala kutenga chidebe wapadera, amene kale anaika thunthu pofuna kupewa kukula kwa mabakiteriya ndi kutsanulira mu izo madzi onse anasonkhana;
• pozula mtsuko sitolo mu firiji.

diagnostics akusonyeza kuchuluka kwa zinthu zina (monga mapuloteni, mahomoni, salt, ndi metabolites zina) excreted. Ngati akatswiri aona mu mkodzo creatinine kagayidwe kachakudya wamng'ono, ndiye pali kukayikirana thanzi utachepa impso. kofunikira kwambiri mapuloteni bwino zimayamba ndi matenda a mtima, matenda a shuga, matenda thirakiti mkodzo, matenda a impso. Ena matenda endocrine kuwonjezera kuchuluka mahomoni ndi zinthu zawo kagayidwe kachakudya mu mkodzo.

mimba mayeso

Kumene, izi mitundu khalidwe mkodzo mayesero kwa akazi. Ngati mkombero wanu msambo si anayamba kudzera mwa mayesero n'zotheka muone ngati ali ndi mimba. Ambiri a maphunziro angathe kudziwa ichi ndi tsiku lakhumi mimba. Komabe, si nthawi zonse odalirika. Kugula mayesero kungakhale mankhwala aliwonse.

Kuchititsa mitundu ya nkhani ya mkodzo woyembekezera, zambiri m'mawa, pambuyo akudzuka. malangizo angapezeke mu phukusi ukukamba. Pambuyo pokodza kusonkhanitsa pang'ono mkodzo m'mawa ndi kuchepetsa chidebe mu mayeso ndodo yake kwa masekondi angapo. Patapita mphindi zisanu, iye adzakuuzani oyembekezera kapena ayi.

Nkofunika kudziwa kuti zotsatira zina zabodza. Izi zimachitika pa nthawi imene mayi kuchitsatira molawirira kwambiri, kutenga mankhwala kapena kumwa madzimadzi kwambiri pamaso pa mayeso. Only dokotala angakuuzeni motsimikiza kuti ndinu oyembekezera kapena ayi.

Mitundu ya mkodzo ana

Madokotala mwina pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana udindo wa urinalysis mwana. Monga ulamuliro, chaichi njira zimenezi, a kuvutika mu urinalysis kapena kulamulira ali wapezeka matenda.

Taganizirani mitundu ikuluikulu ya mkodzo mwa ana:

• General (matenda) mkodzo.
• Mayeso Nechiporenko.
• Analysis ndi Zimnitskiy.
• Matenda a Kakovskomu-Addis.
• Amburzhe njira.
• Kuyesa Sulkovicha.
• Bacteriological mkodzo chikhalidwe.
• Kuyesa Reberga.

Mitundu ya mkodzo pa mimba

Kuyambira pamenepo, ngati mkazi wapakati anawalemba kuti gynecologist, ndi kwa nthaŵi ya gestation Ndibwino pochitika urinalysis. Mu nkhani ya kudziwika chosayenerera mu dokotala kuphunzira Baibulo kulangiza kugwira mkodzo kwa Nechiporenko kapena Zimnitskiy ndi mayesero bacteriological kudziwa matenda.

polojekiti kungakuthandizeni akatswiri kuwunika chikhalidwe cha chikhodzodzo, kudziwa matenda a impso, ndi zikamera a shuga ndi gestational matenda a shuga amene angathe pa sabata la makumi awiri a mimba. Mkulu Kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni amasonyeza kutupa thirakiti mkodzo. misinkhu apamwamba ketones kusonyeza kuti m'thupi la mayi alibe madzi okwanira m'thupi. Kuchitira amayi apakati ali osavomerezeka urinalysis. zochitika zonse ayenera kukambirana ndi dokotala.

Pomaliza

Kufotokoza, tinganene:

• mkodzo kuwunika, mitundu ndi njira zosonkhanitsira ndi chosiyana, ndipo ayenera kuchitidwa kokha pa kuwapempha dokotala;
• kafukufuku mungachite nokha, monga mayeso mofulumira ndi mimba mayeso;
• zina diagnostics ikuchitika yekha mu zasayansi kudziwa kuvutika uliwonse;
• kuchepetsa mosavuta kuipitsidwa bakiteriya a mkodzo, kutsatira ukhondo.