Turbo injini: kufotokoza, makhalidwe, ntchito mfundo zithunzi

Lililonse dalaivala amadziwa kuti mkati kuyaka injini pa chipangizo ndi mfundo za ntchito lagawidwa mumlengalenga ndi turbocharged. Koma si aliyense akumvetsa kusiyana mayunitsi mphamvu. Tiyeni tione kusiyana pakati pa injini Turbo, momwe ntchito ndi momwe ntchito. Bwino ndi Motors izi Chitsanzo mayunitsi ano VAG gulu.

petulo Turbo

Mafuta Turbo - ndi eni kuyaka injini ndi chongopeka kuchuluka chifukwa chopangira mphamvu digiri ya psinjika m'zipinda za. Kuenjezera chizindikiro amapereka kuwonjezeka mu mphamvu ndi makhalidwe ena luso. Kuyambira chiyambi cha woyamba mkati akatswiri kuyaka injini ndayesera kuwonjezera mphamvu popanda kusintha yokulirapo mu kusamutsidwa buku la injini.

Koyamba, tinasankha pafupifupi padziko - kunali koyenera kuthandiza galimoto ndi efficiently kuti "kupuma". Zimenezi zinapereka bwino kuyaka makhalidwe a kusakaniza mafuta. Izi zikhoza podzafika kotunga zina mpweya. Choncho, m'pofunika kupereka ku zonenepa ndi amakakamizidwa chopanikizika. Ndi zina mpweya voliyumu ya mafuta ndi combusted mokwanira, ndipo amene angatithandize kuonjezera mphamvu. Koma matekinoloje tikuuzidwa pang'onopang'ono. Pa chiyambi cha zida Turbo-kompresa wakhala kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa injini lalikulu la zombo ndi ndege.

History mafuta turbocharged injini kuyaka mkati

Woyamba injini Turbo anakhazikitsidwa mu atumwi wotsiriza. Choyamba magalimoto turbocharged mkati kuyaka injini anayamba kutulutsa mu 1938. Kumayambiriro 60 mu United States anayamba kutulutsa injini woyamba ndi chopangira mphamvu magalimoto anthu. Izi galimoto Oldmobile Jetfire ndi Chevrolet Corvair Monza. Pakuti injini zake zonse ntchito yodziwika ndi kudalilika mkulu ndi durability.

Yambani kutchuka

Popular turbocharged mkati kuyaka injini inayamba mu 70s lapansi. Ndiye iwo anayamba kukhazikitsa massively masewera magalimoto. Koma mu injini yapachiweniweni magalimoto Turbo sanakhale wotchuka chifukwa cha mowa wa mafuta. kulakwa Izi ankasiyana injini onse turbocharged mafuta a chi. Koma mafuta inali yofunika kwambiri pa nthawi imeneyo. nthawi ili linali vuto mafuta mu 70s lapansi.

Chipangizo mafuta injini Turbo-kuyaka

The aligorivimu ntchito mafuta turbocharged powertrain ndi ntchito kompresa wapadera. vuto otsiriza - jekeseni mu zina mpweya buku la chipinda kuyaka. Mwa kuwongolera kudzazidwa zonenepa ndi chisakanizo cha mpweya ndi mafuta kuwonjezeka zikutanthauza ogwira kuthamanga ndi mphamvu pa mkombero ndi kuchuluka. Dongosolo galimoto ya turbochargers mpweya utsi ntchito, mphamvu zomwe amachita ntchito zothandiza.

kompresa Modern thupi ndi akatundu, gudumu, ndi valavu kulambalala, ndi chopangira mphamvu nyumba. kupezeka kwa mafuta njira ya masika. Komanso alipo Kapangidwe ka ozungulira kutsinde, ndi mayendedwe, kompresa, ndi actuator pneumatic wa valavu kulambalala. Ngati kumene mayendedwe ndi wokwera, yakwera ndi ozungulira. Ndi kutsinde ndi chopangira mphamvu ndi kompresa mawilo wokwera pa izo. Pomaliza pali masamba. ozungulira Izi akhoza atembenuza ndi kutsetsereka mayendedwe. Pakuti kondomu awo ndi yozizira mafuta umaperekedwa kwa dongosolo kondomu ya injini. Mopitilira utakhazikika kubala nyumba, ndipo ankagwiritsa ntchito njira coolant. Izi amafotokozera kompresa analengedwa mu mawonekedwe a nkhono a.

Mfundo ntchito

Chopangira mphamvu nozzle chikugwirizana ndi utsi zobwezedwa. A kompresa - ndi polowera. Monga tanenera kale, turbocharger ndi lotengeka ndi mphamvu utsi mpweya. Iwo ali mu kukhudzana ndi chopangira mphamvu ozungulira ndi zimayenda, pamenepo kupereka mphamvu. Komanso, kudzera utsi chitoliro mpweya kulowa dongosolo utsi.

ndi kompresa wheel "nkhono" wokwera pa kutsinde chomwecho. Chifukwa kasinthasintha wa chopangira mphamvu kompresa gudumu imayamwa mpweya mlengalenga fyuluta ndi mapampu mu chipinda kuyaka. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa chipangizo mphamvu akhoza kusintha mphamvu kuthamanga kwa 30% 80%. Ndi injini ndi buku womwewo wa osakaniza akhoza kutenga zambiri. Ndi kupyolera mu izi wagawo mphamvu kuchuluka kwa 20% 50%. Utsi mpweya ndi mphamvu zawo makamaka chinawonjezeka galimoto dzuwa.

mayunitsi Turbo

Pafupifupi yomweyo zoti ndi injini Turbo (dizilo). Mfundo ntchito turbocharger ndi sasiyana kwa mafuta. The okha kusiyana - pamaso pa intercooler ndi. Iyi ndi njira yapadera kuti akamazizira mpweya asanafike akulowa zonenepa ndi. Buku ozizira mpweya zosakwana ofunda. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mpweya ozizira angathe "kumbali" mu yamphamvu mu kuchuluka zikuluzikulu.

injini TSI

mayunitsi amene anaika pa chitsanzo panopa "Volkswagen" galimoto "Audi" ndi "Skoda". Iwo onse a nkhawa chimodzimodzi. Opanga anganene kuti uwu ndi mbadwo watsopano wa injini, chomwe chili ndi mphamvu ndi dzuwa. Zikatero si koyenera kudikira ndi wamba chakale mkati injini kuyaka pa buku otsika mphamvu yapadera kuchokera kwa iye. Ngati kulemera galimoto ndi wofanana tani imodzi, ndi injini otsika mphamvu imeneyi kungabweretse mowa apamwamba mafuta chifukwa mphamvu otsika ndi ntchito imathamanga mkulu.

Engine ndi buku lalikulu la mtengo mkulu otaya chifukwa chodziwa chipinda kuyaka. Turbo-injini ( "Skoda Octavia", "galimoto" ndi "Audi") - ndi chozizwitsa cha zomangamanga. Mu mayunitsi mphamvu ophatikizana mowa wodzichepetsa ndi mphamvu zokwanira buku ochepa.

TSI: chipangizo

Ndi buku, mayunitsi angakhale osiyana. Choncho, DVS kubala 1.2; 1.4; 1.6 malita. Ndi injini Turbo 1.8, 2.0 L. ukuwonjezeka injini mphamvu chifukwa buku zikuluzikulu. Ndipo ndi zochita mwanzeru. Ndiyeno kulankhula za kusiyana.

Turbocharged ndi supercharged

TSI - ndi onse turbocharged ndi supercharged unit. VAG gulu la akatswiri ntchito ndondomeko imeneyi kuti vuto la mota muyezo. Iwo akusunsa mu revs yaing'ono engine. Ngati tikambirana tingachipeze powerenga Turbo, ndi "nkhono" ntchito chifukwa kuutsiriza mpweya. Anzanu mphamvu kuntchito mu liwiro yaing'ono salola supercharger kulenga mphamvu anakhumba ndi kudyetsedwa m'chipinda kuyaka okwanira kuchuluka kwa mpweya.

1.8 Turbo injini ( "VW") anaika kompresa. Iye sapereka mphamvu kugwa. Zolemba malire makokedwe mu injini wamba mumlengalenga pafupifupi 5000 Chiv. / Min. Pankhani ya Motors TSI makokedwe pazipita ndi mu osiyanasiyana kuchokera 1500 Chiv. / Min kwa 4500 Chiv. / Min. Izi zosiyanasiyana ntchito, omwe ntchito ndi madalaivala kwambiri. The Motors TSI pogwiritsa ntchito turbines awiri pressurized kwa 2.5 bar.

kompresa

msonkhano umenewu umagwira ntchito mwa osiyana mtundu pagalimoto lamba. Iye ali mkulu zida chiŵerengero. kompresa ndi anazimitsa yekha dalaivala makina pa mpweya. Imathamanga pafupi kusakhala ndi chochita, mavuto 0,8 TIMATABWA - ichi ndithu kwambiri. Chifukwa ichi, izo zimapangitsa kwambiri zazikulu ntchito. Popeza injini ikulira "Audi" 1.8 Turbo TSI. M'badwo zapitazo, Motors awa sali okonzeka ndi kompresa a. Pali chopangira mphamvu ya.

The turbocharged injini 1,8 ku "VW"

Limeneli liyenera ndi pa msika zaka 20. machitidwe a injini kuyaka mkati chotchuka kwambiri ndi anapezerapo kufunika kwa injini ndi turbocharging. injini Izi zida ndi zitsanzo zambiri magalimoto ku gulu VAG. The kuwonekera koyamba kugulu la msonkhano umenewu kunachitika mu 1995.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba injini ( "Volkswagen Passat" b5) 1.8 Turbo anaikidwa pa Audi "A4" (inde, iwo amagwiritsa ntchito Motors yomweyo). Koma mbali, pali zitsanzo zingapo ndi mphamvu 150 210 ndiyamphamvu. Mu 2002 ife analenga injini mphamvu 190 "akavalo". The injini turbocharged za "Volkswagen" chinali chiyambi cha nzeru wonse watsopano ndi kulemekeza injini petulo. Iye anapereka ntchito zabwino ndi mlingo wochepa chifukwa chopangira mphamvu ya. The ntchito makina ndi zolimbitsa kudya. "A4" chitsanzo cha "Audi" amadya malita 8 pa makilomita 100 pamsewu. Zoikamo m'tauni, mafuta si malita oposa 10. Pakukhala vavu 20 mu mutu yamphamvu ndi turbocharger, akatswiri "VW" akalandire amadwala makokedwe pamaso patsogolo ndi kukwaniritsa mlingo 2 zikwi.

Choncho, injini izi ophatikizana elasticity kwambiri, zomwe ndi osamvetseka kwa Makonda Turbo, koma chikhalidwe cha ntchito - mafuta. Limeneli liyenera angathe mosavuta n'kukhala mpweya. The amagetsi ndi imodzi yabwino mu uthunthu wonse. Magwiridwe, kumwa zolimbitsa mafuta ndi mkulu kudalirika akhoza kudzitama engine. "Passat" (1.8 Turbo) alibe wagawo structural sadziwa. Ngakhale tsopano, mu m'nthawi yathu ya TSI, injini izi pafupifupi wofanana ayi.

Turbo: ubwino ndi kuipa

The kuphatikiza waukulu ali Turbo - kuchuluka mphamvu. Ichi ndi cholinga chachikulu, amene anali zimatheka popanda kusintha kwambiri kukonza. Pamene mabuku wofanana ndi mumlengalenga injini Motors Turbo akhoza kupulumutsa mpaka makokedwe 70% ndi mphamvu. Kompresa amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zoipa mpweya wa utsi. The injini okonzeka ndi chopangira mphamvu ali ndi m'munsi phokoso mlingo. zomera mphamvu izi zikhoza kuikidwa pa galimoto iliyonse. The drawback chachikulu - mkulu mafuta. Kuchuluka kwa ukuwonjezeka mpweya, ndi kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa mafuta kudyedwa. Akatswiri Izi vuto sikungathetse. Komanso kuipa monga vuto ntchito. Izi injini kuyaka mkati ali tcheru kwambiri ndi khalidwe la mafuta ndi mafuta. Kuwonjezera kuipa komanso moyo otsika mafuta ndi kukonza Zosefera. mota limayenda pa liwilo. Chifukwa mafuta mwachangu wotaya katundu wake.