nthawi imene Moscow Kremlin, ayenera kudziwika kuti aliyense amene amakonda Russia inamangidwa. Chifukwa iye si mtima wa Russia, moyo kwambiri ndipo dziko padziko lonse lapansi, komanso mmodzi mwa maofesi wokongola kwambiri mu dziko.
Ndi kuthetsa wamkulu
Zafukulidwa asonyeza kuti midzi pa malire a boma la Russia analipo zaka 5000 zapitazo, ndipo mu VI m'ma BC kumeneko atakhala mafuko Asilavo. Mu mzinda wa Moscow yokha akhalabe mwa kuthetsa anapeza zokhudza Dyakovo chikhalidwe.
Dyakovo Ndimene zambiri anaika pa capes mitsinje. Kale, chifukwa cha mayiko ndi chitetezo choyamba ku mudzi inatha zitunda pa a mtsinjewo. Makamaka pa kamwa, kotero kuti madzi kuthetsa ateteze mbali ziwiri. Waterway anali ndi kulankhulana ndi anansi ndi kulola zambiri malonda kwambiri, ndi zitunda sanali kupezeka mdani ndipo analola kuti kafukufuku lalikulu.
Kubadwa kwa Moscow
Ndipo pamene anali atamanga Moscow Kremlin, Borovitsky phiri, ndipo kumbali zonse za Moscow Mtsinje ndi Neglinnaya amene amalowa izo, ndi malo pamwamba pa kuthetsa ndi kusanduka ndi mpanda wolimba angaloŵe. Kutchula koyamba za boma la Russia amatanthauza 1147. Munali makoma anamanga mu mtengo. Iwo anali zaka 9 kenaka - mu 1156. Mtima wa Moscow koyamba anatchulidwa kuyitana kwa Yuri Dolgoruky kumene anamangidwira horomina inanyamuka Svyatoslava Olgovicha, Novgorod-Seversky Prince. Kufika kwa wachibale tsogolo (mdzukulu wawo ndi mwana - wotchuka Igor ndi Yaroslavna - okwatira) kuphwando ndipo ankaona tsiku maziko a Moscow. Izi ziri chimodzimodzi nthawi imene Moscow Kremlin inamangidwa.
ndiwomanga wamkulu
Pambuyo erection mpanda wa boma la Russia amakhala m'midzi yapafupi ndi pafupi likulu. Apa, anthu a midzi izi anapeza chitetezo pa nkhondo ya adani. Pang'onopang'ono kuchuluka kufunika linga ili, ndi m'dera kukodzedwa. Ndipo tsopano, pamene mwana wa Aleksandra Nevskogo, Prince Danilo Alexandrovich (1261-1303), woyambitsa wa Moscow akalonga, mzinda unakula boma la Russia, anakhala likulu la ukulu ka Moscow.
Pa nthawi imeneyo, pamene anamanga Moscow Kremlin, Yuri Dolgoruky anayambitsa Pereslavl-Zaleski ndi Yuriev-Chipolishi. kalonga uyu, moyo wake wonse kumalamuliridwa Rostov-Suzdal ukulu, ndipo anafera pomwepo, anali kalikiliki chitukuko m'tawuni. Kuwonjezera pa mizindayi anakhazikitsa Dubna, Kostroma, Dmitrov, anasefukira pomanga ndi Uglich mosungiramo m'mudzi Senyatino, ndiponso malinga ndi nthano wina, Gorodets. Komanso, zinamangidwa m'malinga ambiri ndi mipanda yolimba kwambiri. Choncho, pamene anali atamanga Moscow Kremlin (chaka cha 1147), anaika ndi mfundo zina oonekera. Ndipo palibe chikusonyeza kuti chidzakula mwa likulu izi linga la dziko waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse.
Tsogolo patsogolo likulu
Ndipo Moscow ndi kumanga ndi kukuza. Prince Ivan Kalyta (1283-1341) choyamba amanga belokamennye mipingo. Ndipo izo ziri mu 1340 wakale makoma matabwa m'malo mwa mphamvu thundu. Ndipo mdzukulu wake wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy (1350-1389), mwana wa Moscow Prince Ivan II Red, m'malo mwa thundu pa makoma mwala woyera. Zimenezi ndi kuitana Moscow "woyera mwala". Ndi wokongola kwambiri mu chithunzi ankaonetsa Vasiliya Vereschagina, olembedwa mu 1879, lotchedwa "View wa Moscow Kremlin ku Stone Bridge". Likulu la Russia, mzinda ndi mbiri chidwi ndi chifukwa cha kuchuluka chidwi. mzinda uliwonse waukulu mu dziko chikondi ndi ulemu wa nzika zake. Koma Moscow kwa anthu Russian zambiri. Ndipo N'kwachibadwa kufuna kudziwa zambiri za kuonekera kwa mzinda, kumene anayamba, ndiponso mmene anali atamanga Moscow Kremlin, chaka pakuwonekera kwake ndi zimene Prince kumanga chozizwitsa.
The koyamba zolembalemba
Imodzi mwa kufotokozera oyambirira chiyambi cha mzinda waukulu mu nkhani "Bakuman za kupha Sitefano Daniila Suzdalskogo ndi chiyambi cha Moscow." "Hypation Chronicle" ndi woyamba odalirika kuti watchula Moscow kokha - malo a phwando lalikulu ulemu chokumanako abwenzi ndi anzawo a Rostov-Suzdal ndi akalonga Novgorod-Seversky. Pa funso wa Moscow Kremlin, pali mayankho inamangidwa chaka chomwe. Mukhoza kukhazikitsa tsiku lakuti, mogwirizana ndi zimene boma la Russia anali anatchula - tsiku 'chidendene ku matamando a Mulungu ", ndiye, Loweruka, April 4, 1147. Ndipo n'zotheka kwa nthawi yaitali kulankhula za mmene kumanga boma la Russia kwa zaka zambiri. Kodi n'zotheka kulingalira zovuta popanda Cathedral wa Dormition, kapena Big Kremlin Palace?
Boma la Russia inamangidwa ndi kumangidwanso
Yankho la funso kaya, m'chaka zimene anamanga Moscow Kremlin, kudzadalira kwathunthu tanthauzo la dzina limeneli - ndi ng'ona ano, okhala ndi mutsogoleli wa boma latsopano la Russia, kapena yaing'ono matabwa dongosolo, amene zonse zinayambira. tsamba sikokwanira chabe lembani onse M'zigawo, mipingo, nyumba, mabwalo, minda ndi zipilala za zikulu umoyo ndale, mbiri yakale komanso luso lovuta Russia, chimakwirira kudera la mahekitala 27,5. Kremlin gawo akufanana makona osasamba.
Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika koposa a boma la Russia
mawu Special kulandira Mfundo Cathedral wa Moscow Kremlin. Linamangidwa mu 1479. Mbiri ya chiyambi cha chilengedwe chake chikukhudza 1326. The Great Moscow Prince Ivan Kalita, pamodzi ndi Saint Peter anaika chaka chino mwala woyamba tchalitchi mu Moscow. mzinda Pervoprestolny (kutanthauza, udindo amenewa anali Moscow) ndi mpingo waukulu Woyera Russia. Kuti St. Peter ali ndi mbali yofunika chakuti Moscow wobwezera throned. Choncho, pambuyo pa imfa ya Metropolitan woyamba wa Moscow anaikidwa m'manda mu yosatha tchalitchi chachikulu cha Russia. mphamvu ndi mndandanda wake mafano "Virgin a Peter", choyambirira imene mtumwi Petro, ndi wina wa ku Russia tiakachisi chachikulu. tchalitchi anamangidwanso. Izi zinachitika panthawi ya ulamuliro wa unifier m'mayiko Russian ulamuliro wa Moscow, Grand Prince Ivan III. Naye boma la Russia linayamba kumanga zikuluzikulu - nyumba zonse unamangidwanso mu mwala. Pankhaniyi, mafunso pamene anamanga angatchedwe wa Moscow Kremlin, chaka chosiyana - 1485. M'zaka khumi (1485-1495) zinamangidwa battlements wapadera, amene chizindikiro cha kuipidwa kwambiri.
Akusowa chuma cha zomangamanga mdziko
Monga tanenera kale, wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy kumangidwanso mu mwala Detinets choyambirira matabwa (wotchedwa ngakhale mu Russia boma la Russia). Kwenikweni, iye anamanga mwala latsopano "kremnik" ndi chaka cha kutsiriza, 1367, nayenso, tinganene kuti tsiku pamene Moscow Kremlin inamangidwa. Kenako, mu ulamuliro Ivana Groznogo, amene anakhala woyamba Russian tsar (mutu anatenga mu Mfundo Cathedral), iwoweni zovuta amadziwikanso kuti anamaliza mofulumira.
A yokongola ya Cathedral Square - Bell Tower "Ivan Veliky", popanda zomwe n'zovuta kulingalira boma la Russia, momwe zinachitikira kwa zaka zambiri nyumba yaitali kwambiri Moscow, onse inamangidwa pa nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Boris Godunov. Komabe, woyamba Moscow Kremlin inamangidwa 1147 ndi Yuriya Dolgorukogo lamulo. Olimba gawo la mzinda akadali amatchedwa "chrome", zimene yosayenera kwa teremu matabwa, atazunguliridwa ndi mpanda matabwa. Yekha, lodziwika bwino ndi kosakhozeka kufikako, boma la Russia ndi chimake cha mphamvu ndi wapadera Russia.